The broad band spectral index of TeV blazars detected by Fermi LAT

Using γ-ray data detected by Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT) and multi-wave band data for 35 TeV blazars sample, we have studied the possible correlations between different broad band spectral indices ( $\alpha_{\rm r.ir}$ , $\alpha_{\rm{r.o}}$ , $\alpha_{\rm r.x}$ , $\alpha_{\rm r.\gamma}$ , $\alpha_{\rm{ir.o}}$ , $\alpha_{\rm ir.x}$ , $\alpha_{\rm ir.\gamma}$ , $\alpha_{\rm o.x}$ , $\alpha_{\rm o.\gamma}$ , $\alpha_{\rm r.x}$ , $\alpha_{\rm x.\gamma}$ ) in all states (average/high/low). Our results are as follows: (1) For our TeV blazars sample, the strong positive correlations were found between $\alpha_{\rm r.ir}$ and $\alpha_{\rm{r.o}}$ , between $\alpha_{\rm r.ir}$ and $\alpha_{\rm r.x}$ , between $\alpha_{\rm r.ir}$ and $\alpha_{\rm r.\gamma}$ in all states (average/high/low); (2) For our TeV blazars sample, the strong anti-correlations were found between $\alpha_{\rm r.ir}$ and $\alpha_{\rm x.\gamma}$ , between $\alpha_{\rm{r.o}}$ and $\alpha_{\rm ir.\gamma}$ , between $\alpha_{\rm{r.o}}$ and $\alpha_{\rm o.\gamma}$ , between $\alpha_{\rm{r.o}}$ and $\alpha_{\rm x.\gamma}$ , between $\alpha_{\mathrm{ir.o}}$ and $\alpha_{\rm o.\gamma}$ , between $\alpha_{\rm r.x}$ and $\alpha_{\rm x.\gamma}$ , between $\alpha_{\rm ir.x}$ and $\alpha_{\rm x.\gamma}$ in all states (average/high/low). The results suggest that the synchrotron self-Compton radiation (SSC) is the main mechanism of high energy γ-ray emission and the inverse Compton scattering of circum-nuclear dust is likely to be a important complementary mechanism for TeV blazars. Our results also show that the possible correlations vary from state to state in the same pair of indices, Which suggest that there may exist differences in the emitting process and in the location of the emitting region for different states.     

湖北宜昌石板溪金矿区断层空间结构及其控矿规律研究

断层空间结构包括变形结构和几何结构两部分。本文在解析石板溪金矿区主要断层变形结构和几何结构的基础上，探讨了其空间结构模式和控矿规律。     

Abundances of Jupiter's trace hydrocarbons from Voyager and Cassini

The flybys of Jupiter by the Voyager spacecraft in 1979, and over two decades later by Cassini in 2000, have provided us with unique datasets from two different epochs, allowing the investigation of seasonal change in the atmosphere. In this paper we model zonal averages of thermal infrared spectra from the two instruments, Voyager 1 IRIS and Cassini CIRS, to retrieve the vertical and meridional profiles of temperature, and the abundances of the two minor hydrocarbons, acetylene (C₂H₂) and ethane (C₂H₆). The spatial variation of these gases is controlled by both chemistry and dynamics, and therefore their observed distribution gives us an insight into both processes. We find that the two gases paint quite different pictures of seasonal change. Whilst the 2-D cross-section of C₂H₆ abundance is slightly increased and more symmetric in 2000 (northern summer solstice) compared to 1979 (northern fall equinox), the major trend of equator to pole increase remains. For C₂H₂ on the other hand, the Voyager epoch exhibits almost no latitudinal variation, whilst the Cassini era shows a marked decrease polewards in both hemispheres. At the present time, these experimental findings are in advance of interpretation, as there are no published models of 2-D Jovian seasonal chemical variation available for comparison.     

Improved understanding of petroleum migration history in the Hongche fault zone,northwestern Junggar Basin (northwest China): Constrained by vein-calcite fluid inclusions and trace elements

Calcite veins and cements occur widely in Carboniferous and Permian reservoirs of the Hongche fault zone, northwestern Junggar Basin in northwest China. The calcites were investigated by fluid inclusion and trace-element analyses, providing an improved understanding of the petroleum migration history. It is indicated that the Hongche fault behaved as a migration pathway before the Early Cretaceous, allowing two oil charges to migrate into the hanging-wall, fault-core and footwall reservoirs across the fault. Since the Late Cretaceous, the Hongche fault has been sealed. As a consequence, meteoric water flowed down only into the hanging-wall and fault-core reservoirs. The meteoric-water incursion is likely an important cause for degradation of reservoir oils. In contrast, the footwall reservoirs received gas charge (the third hydrocarbon event) following the Late Cretaceous. This helps explain the distribution of petroleum across the fault. This study provides an example of how a fault may evolve as pathway and seal over time, and how reservoir diagenetic minerals can provide clues to complex petroleum migration histories.     

准噶尔盆地吉木萨尔凹陷二叠系芦草沟组储层介—宏孔孔隙结构特征及控制因素

吉木萨尔芦草沟组页岩油资源潜力巨大,为探究其储层介—宏孔孔隙结构特征及控制因素,以研究区芦草沟组钻井岩心为对象,利用X射线衍射、铸体薄片、扫描电镜、孔渗测试、高压压汞、氮气吸附、分形理论、相关性分析等方法,对其储层特征、孔隙结构及控制因素进行了讨论。研究发现：1）研究区芦草沟组储层是一套以长英质碳酸盐岩（A岩）、长英质黏土岩（B岩）、灰/云质细粒长英沉积岩（C岩）、混积岩（D岩）为主的低孔—特低孔、特低渗储层,主要孔隙类型为溶孔,此外还发育有剩余粒间孔、晶间孔、微裂缝;2）研究区芦草沟组储层孔隙分布复杂,孔径分布曲线呈现多峰形,介孔提供了大部分孔容和比表面积;高压压汞计算的宏孔分形维数均值和氮气吸附计算的介孔分形维数均值分别为：2.864 7、2.507 5,介孔孔隙结构复杂程度相对较低;3）有机质丰度有利于A岩、B岩和C岩宏孔孔隙结构的发育,会导致C岩介孔和D岩孔容、比表面积减小;有机质演化程度对A岩介孔、B岩和C岩介孔起到建设作用,对C岩宏孔、D岩介—宏孔有破坏做用;4）脆性矿物含量越高C岩介孔和D岩孔容比表面积越大,而A岩、B岩宏孔、C岩宏孔孔容、比表面积减小;黏土矿物对A岩介孔、C岩介孔及D岩的孔隙系统发育起到建设作用,对B岩宏孔和C岩宏孔有破坏作用。孔隙结构的发育主要受有机质（有机质丰度、有机质演化程度）和矿物组份（脆性矿物含量、黏土矿物含量）的影响,不同岩性、不同尺度的孔隙发育影响因素各有差异。

     

新疆库鲁克塔格南华纪成矿体系特征

新疆库鲁克塔格地区南华系地层层序十分发育,该区南华系有3次冰川活动的沉积记录; 该区与Rodinia 超大陆裂解有关的构造岩浆事件发生时限为830～630 Ma; 区域内分布的且干布拉克蛭石矿和兴地Ⅱ号铜镍矿床与南华纪的Rodinia超大陆裂解有关; 库鲁克塔格地块在南华纪可能是华南板块的边缘块体,它与华南板块上大范围分布的同期火成岩为Rodinia超大陆裂解时地慢柱活动的产物。     

An Analytical Solution for Mechanical Responses Induced by Temperature and Air Pressure in a Lined Rock Cavern for Underground Compressed Air Energy Storage

Mechanical responses induced by temperature and air pressure significantly affect the stability and durability of underground compressed air energy storage (CAES) in a lined rock cavern. An analytical solution for evaluating such responses is, thus, proposed in this paper. The lined cavern of interest consists of three layers, namely, a sealing layer, a concrete lining and the host rock. Governing equations for cavern temperature and air pressure, which involve heat transfer between the air and surrounding layers, are established first. Then, Laplace transform and superposition principle are applied to obtain the temperature around the lined cavern and the air pressure during the operational period. Afterwards, a thermo-elastic axisymmetrical model is used to analytically determine the stress and displacement variations induced by temperature and air pressure. The developments of temperature, displacement and stress during a typical operational cycle are discussed on the basis of the proposed approach. The approach is subsequently verified with a coupled compressed air and thermo-mechanical numerical simulation and by a previous study on temperature. Finally, the influence of temperature on total stress and displacement and the impact of the heat transfer coefficient are discussed. This paper shows that the temperature sharply fluctuates only on the sealing layer and the concrete lining. The resulting tensile hoop stresses on the sealing layer and concrete lining are considerably large in comparison with the initial air pressure. Moreover, temperature has a non-negligible effect on the lined cavern for underground compressed air storage. Meanwhile, temperature has a greater effect on hoop and longitudinal stress than on radial stress and displacement. In addition, the heat transfer coefficient affects the cavern stress to a higher degree than the displacement.     

Fast inversion of rupture process of the 14 April 2010 Yushu,Qinghai, earthquake

Four results of the rupture process of 14 April 2010 Yushu, Qinghai, earthquake, obtained by inverting the broadband seismic data of Global Seismographic Network (GSN) based on the inversion method of earthquake rupture process, were compared and discussed. It is found that the Yushu earthquake has several basic characteristics as follows: ① There exist two principal sub-events which correspond to two slip-concentrated patches being located near the hypocenter and to the southeast of the epicenter. The rupture of the slip-concentrated patch to the southeast of the epicenter broke though the ground surface; ② The peak slip and peak slip-rate are about 2.1 m and 1.1 m/s, respectively, indicating that the Yushu earthquake is an event with large slip-rate on the fault plane; ③ Overall the Yushu earthquake is a unilateral rupture event with the rupture mainly propagating southeastward. The strong focusing of the seismic energy in the southeast of the epicenter due to the "seismic Doppler effect" reasonably accounts for the tremendous damage in the Yushu city.     

钢筋砼摩擦耗能支撑框架结构的单元刚度和力学模型分析

为研究钢筋砼摩擦耗能支撑框架结构的动力反应性能 ,对其中的摩擦耗能器单元和框架杆单元的单元刚度和力学模型做了分析。钢筋砼摩擦耗能支撑单元由支撑杆单元和钢板—橡胶摩擦耗能器单元组成 ,支撑单元可取空间杆单元 ,摩擦耗能器单元为平面应力矩形单元。摩擦耗能器单元的剪切恢复力曲线为理想的弹塑性曲线 ,根据耗能器单元的力学模型 ,可确定其在每一时刻的刚度 ;框架结构空间杆单元的恢复力模型采用双线型模型 ,根据杆单元的力学模型 ,可确定其在每一时刻的刚度。并利用所编制的程序对十层单榀两跨空间普通框架和摩擦耗能支撑框架在地震作用下进行了弹塑性反应时程分析 ,结果表明耗能支撑框架的顶层最大位移明显小于普通框架     

A new analytical solution of tidal water table fluctuations in a coastal unconfined aquifer

This paper presents a new perturbation solution of the non-linear Boussinesq equation for one-dimensional tidal groundwater flow in a coastal unconfined aquifer. Built upon the work of Parlange et al. [Parlange, J.-Y., Stagnitti, F., Starr, J.L., Braddock, R.D., 1984. Free-surface flow in porous media and periodic solution of the shallow-flow approximation, J. Hydrol., 70, 251–263], the solution adopts a new perturbation parameter that is by definition less than unit, and thus is applicable to a wider range of physical conditions within the constraint of the Boussinesq approximation. This approach avoids a secular term in the third-order perturbation equation of Parlange et al. (1984), enabling the derivation of the third- and higher-order solutions. In comparison with a numerical (“exact”) solution, the new perturbation solution is shown to be slightly more accurate than that of Parlange et al. (1984) with the second-order approximation. The obtained third-order solution exhibits considerable improvement in accuracy. In relatively simple analytical forms, the present perturbation solution will help to understand better the non-linear characteristics of tidal water table fluctuations in as modeled by the non-linear Boussinesq equation coastal unconfined aquifers.