辽宁省海洋经济系统协调发展研究

通过构建海洋经济系统协调发展评价指标体系,采用模糊数学中隶属度函数模型,分析了辽宁省海洋经济系统发展水平及其协调发展度.结果表明:1999-2010年期间,辽宁省海洋经济、社会综合发展水平逐年递增,而资源环境综合发展水平值波动较大;1999-2003年,辽宁省海洋经济系统协调性处于失调状态,2004年之后大体处于协调发展状态,且协调等级逐步提升.     

The first extra-large helium-rich gas field identified in a tight sandstone of the Dongsheng Gas Field,Ordos Basin,China

Science China Earth Sciences - Helium gas is a scarce but important strategic resource, which is usually associated with natural gas. Presently, only one extra-large helium-rich gas field has been...     

气候变化对中国木本植物物候的可能影响

本文根据我国的３０年的物候资料和气候资料的统计分析，论证了气温是影响中国木本植物物候的主要因子，在此基础上建立了物候与年平均气温的线性统计模式，又利用此模式分析计算了未来全球年平均气温升高０．５－２．０℃和未来大气中ＣＯ２浓度倍增而增暖情况下，我国主要木本植物物候期的大致变幅。     

Salinivibrio sp.YH4胞外丝氨酸蛋白酶EYHS耐盐性及生物信息学分析

摘要：目的 探讨菌株Salinivibrio sp.YH4分泌的丝氨酸蛋白酶EYHS的耐盐性及结构特征。方法 明胶底物酶谱法分析EYHS的耐盐性。应用生物信息学手段对EYHS及6种耐盐的S8家族丝氨酸蛋白酶结构特征进行分析。结果 EYHS在4 mol/L的NaCl溶液中仍具有活性,属于耐盐蛋白酶。EYHS及6种S8家族丝氨酸蛋白酶分子表面的loop区等无规则卷曲所占比例较高,α-螺旋与β-片层则主要位于酶分子内部。EYHS分子表面酸性氨基酸含量较高,且具有弱疏水内核。多序列比对发现蛋白酶的催化三联体两侧存在高度保守的基序和保守的极性氨基酸及芳香族氨基酸,并存在多个保守的Gly与Ala。同源模建和表面电荷分布显示,α螺旋和β片层围成了蛋白酶的催化腔,EYHS活性中心包含由Asp32、His65与Ser215组成的催化三联体,且催化位点区域表面静电势为负。结论 上述结构特征可能有助于耐盐丝氨酸蛋白酶EYHS在高盐环境下维持其稳定性和适度柔性,并有助于其催化功能的发挥,为深入研究耐盐丝氨酸蛋白酶的高盐环境适应性提供了一定的理论依据。     

青藏高原古人类的艺术创作——基于中更新世手脚印形态分析

在第二次青藏科考过程中,作者在西藏自治区拉萨市邱桑村的古泉华沉积上新发现了由5个手印和5个脚印组成 “岩面艺术” （parietal art）。对这一“岩面艺术”进行解剖学测量、3D 模型模拟、铀系测年和手脚印形态分析后,得到以下认识：① “岩面艺术”是在泉华没有成岩之前由古人类有意压上去的;② “岩面艺术”所在岩层的U/Th年代为226~169 ka B.P.,这其中包含一个手指印岩层的表面直接年龄（207~188 ka B.P.）;③ 这一发现是迄今为止发表的古人类在青藏高原上活动的最早记录之一,也为古人类适应高寒、低氧环境提供了新的证据;④ 此岩面艺术是目前世界上已知的最古老的艺术,上面的手印也是古人类留下的最早的手印;⑤ 这一原始的岩面艺术表明,创作它的古老人种可能具有一定的认知和空间感知能力,此岩面艺术的发现也将有可能改写人类艺术史,并且加深我们对已消失的古人类认知水平的认识。     

Methods for extraction of microorganism DNA from glacier surface snow

In order to thoroughly investigate the diversity of glacier microorganisms, four DNA extraction methods with different lysis patterns were tested and two screened methods (the Bosshard-Bano method and the Zhou method) were optimized for the most effective form of the filter membrane (cut vs. uncut), the DNA extraction method, and the precipitation method. The two optimized methods were then compared with the commercial Mo-Bio DNA extraction kit, and the results showed that the kit was generally suitable for extraction of microorganism DNA from glacier surface snow. Procedurally, it was found that a modified Bosshard- Bano method (i.e., cutting the filter membrane into pieces, using a specific lysis pattern [lysozyme (5 mg/mL)-protease K (1 mg/mL)-CTAB (1%)-SDS (1%)], performing the extraction only once by chloroform-isoamyl alcohol (24:1), and conducting DNA precipitation by pure ethanol) was also an effective and less expensive method for extraction of microorganism DNA from glacier surface snow.     

1961-2008年中国西南地区极端气候变化幅度的海拔效应(英文)

A total of 12 indices of temperature extremes and 11 indices of precipitation ex-tremes at 111 stations in southwestern China at altitudes of 285-4700 m were examined for the period 1961-2008. Significant correlations of temperature extremes and elevation in-cluded the trends of diurnal temperature range, frost days, ice days, cold night frequency and cold day frequency. Regional trends of growing season length, warm night frequency, coldest night and warmest night displayed a statistically significant positive correlation with altitude. These characteristics indicated the obvious warming with altitude. For precipitation extreme indices, only the trends of consecutive dry days, consecutive wet days, wet day precipitation and the number of heavy precipitation days had significant correlations with increasing alti-tude owing to the complex influence of atmospheric circulation. It also indicated the increased precipitation mainly at higher altitude areas, whereas the increase of extreme precipitation events mainly at lowers altitude. In addition, the clearly local influences are also crucial on climate extremes. The analysis revealed an enhanced sensitivity of climate extremes to ele-vation in southwestern China in the context of recent warming.     

Physicochemistry and Mineralogy of Storm Dust and Dust Sediment in Northern China

Dust sediments collected from 1995 to 1998 in Beijing, Dunhuang, Inner Mongolia, Kashi, the Kunlun Mountains, Lanzhou, Ningxia, the Taklimakan Desert, and Xi‘an, China, were characterized in terms of their physical, chemical, and mineralogical properties. Most aerosols and dust analysed ranged in texture from silty clay to clay loam. Their median particle diameters (Mds) generally ranged between 5 to 63μm,coinciding with those of loess from central China and the finest sand from northwestern China. The dust sediments were characterized by a predominance of SiO2 and Al2O3, followed by K2O. Their SiO2/Al2O3and K2O/SiO2 molar ratios ranged from 5.17 to 8.43 and from 0.009 to 0.0368, respectively. The mass concentration spectrum during a dust storm showed a single peak, rather than the triple peak generally observed under clear sky conditions. The dominant minerals were chlorite, illite, calcite, and dolomite.These physical, chemical, and mineralogical properties were consistent with those of aeolian soils and loess in western and central China. The results suggest that aerosols and fine-gained fractions of dust sediments collected in northern China are mainly composed of soil material transported from the arid and semiarid regions of China and Mongolia by prevailing winds. The rate of deposition and properties of dust falling on eastern China were strongly influenced by meteorological conditions, season, latitude, longitude, and altitude of the sampling sites.     

干涸尾闾湖盆区泥漠地表磨蚀释尘特征

沙粒的表面磨蚀效应是地表产尘、释尘的重要机制,针对干湖盆泥漠地表开展磨蚀释尘实验研究,对理解干湖盆地表风蚀过程及盐碱尘暴形成机理具有重要意义。对采自西居延海干涸湖盆泥漠地表土样进行室内磨蚀模拟实验,研究了不同粒级（细、中、粗）沙粒不同落沙角度（30°,45°,60°）的磨蚀效应。结果表明：（1）泥漠地表磨蚀实验中能够产生明显释尘效应的沙粒粒级阈值为中沙（0.25 mm<M_d<0.50 mm）;（2）磨蚀粒径粒级相同时,磨蚀角度会对泥漠地表磨蚀释尘速率产生影响,磨蚀量的角度排序为60°>30°>45°,但同一粒级3种角度下的磨蚀释尘率差异不显著。（3）磨蚀角度为45°时,计算了泥漠地表的质量磨蚀率与能量磨蚀率,其中中沙为0.04 g·kg^-1、0.43 g·J^-1,粗沙为0.08 g·kg^-1、0.74 g·J^-1,极粗沙为0.26 g·kg^-1、2.54 g·J^-1;在磨蚀沙粒粒级倍增而磨蚀角度不变情况下,泥漠地表磨蚀释尘率与能量磨蚀率未发生正比例线性增长变化。     

白令海峡治理的合作机制研究

近年来随着北极冰盖的融化,北极通航已成为可能,而白令海峡作为北极航道重要的出口/入口,其战略地位也将逐步显现并被各国关注。在讨论白令海峡的治理与合作时,首先要明确白令海峡是用于国际航行的海峡,而作为海峡沿岸国的美国和俄罗斯对于白令海峡的管控与合作将成为影响未来北极航行的重要因素。为同时保障海峡沿岸国与使用国的利益,可借鉴马六甲海峡的治理经验,在现有治理机制的基础上进一步深化海峡沿岸国与海峡使用国的合作机制。中国作为海峡使用国也有必要积极参与白令海峡的合作治理。