塔克拉玛干沙漠和田河西侧胡杨沙堆的形态特征及空间分布格局

胡杨沙堆是风沙流遇到胡杨干扰,沙物质堆积而形成的一种风积地貌类型。在风沙地貌领域,对胡杨沙堆的研究几乎空白。和田河西侧、麻扎塔格山以南的塔克拉玛干沙漠中分布有大量胡杨沙堆。基于野外RTK测量数据,利用GIS和统计手段,对胡杨沙堆进行信息提取与统计,定量分析了和田河西侧10个样方内胡杨沙堆的形态参数及沙堆空间分布格局。结果表明:1)沙堆形态不规则,形态参数空间差异显著,南北向形态参数均值变化较东西向稳定; 2)样方内沙堆形态参数间有良好的相关性,大部分沙堆处于发育阶段; 3)沙堆分布较稀疏,自西向东沙堆分布密度逐渐增大,从南到北为减小-增大-减小的变化趋势,总体上南部密度大于北部,东部密度大于西部; 4)10个样方沙堆与特定距离的随机分布差异性较小,整体上为离散分布,但东部较西部、北部较南部有小部分区域聚集分布。     

英国高中地理教材编写特色简析--以《Geography B Evolving Planet》为例

英国是重视地理课程传统的发达国家,拥有丰富的地理教材编写经验。本文以《Evolving Planet》为范本,在阅读与分析的基础上,归纳得出该教材的四大编写特色:设置"以学为中心"的教材栏目,精选多类型优质的地理图像,重视对学生学习方法的引导和注重对学生地理技能的培养。简析该教材的编写特色,以期为未来我国中学地理教材的编写提供启示与借鉴。     

Quantification of human and climate contributions to multi-dimensional hydrological alterations: A case study in the Upper Minjiang River,China

Dual factors of climate and human on the hydrological process are reflected not only in changes in the spatiotemporal distribution of water resource amounts but also in the various characteristics of river flow regimes. Isolating and quantifying their contributions to these hydrological alterations helps us to comprehensively understand the response mechanism and patterns of hydrological process to the two kinds of factors. Here we develop a general framework using hydrological model and 33 indicators to describe hydrological process and quantify the impact from climate and human. And we select the Upper Minjiang River(UMR) as a case to explore its feasibility. The results indicate that our approach successfully recognizes the characteristics of river flow regimes in different scenarios and quantitatively separates the climate and human contributions to multi-dimensional hydrological alterations. Among these indicators, 26 of 33 indicators decrease over the past half-century(1961–2012) in the UMR, with change rates ranging from 1.3% to 33.2%, and the human impacts are the dominant factor affecting hydrological processes, with an average relative contribution rate of 58.6%. Climate change causes an increase in most indicators, with an average relative contribution rate of 41.4%. Specifically, changes in precipitation and reservoir operation may play a considerable role in inducing these alterations. The findings in this study help us better understand the response mechanism of hydrological process under changing environment and is conducive to climate change adaptation, water resource planning and ecological construction.     

再议“贵美石”的分类

贵美石是所有用于制作装饰品、艺术品和雕刻品的美术工艺矿物原料的总称。在本文中笔者建议将其划分为五大类和若干亚类,即宝石、玉雕石、彩石、砚石、观赏石及其亚类。     

The Analysis of Bearing Tests on the Dynamic Compaction Foundation in the New District of Jiangshan Mechanical Factory

This paper deals with the method of bearing test on dynamic compacted bases and the characteristics of the bases. The test results show that the bases have two-stratum structures. For this reason, attentions must be paid to distribute locations of the test at different depths and to do some computer verifications for the underlying soft stratum.     

金红石中铁的存在形式的研究

本文对我国不同地区和不同成因类型矿床及人工合成的金红石的20个样品进行了矿物学研究。结果表明,大多数金红石样品中都含有钛铁矿的嵌晶,金红石和嵌晶钛铁矿晶粒中多含有含钛赤铁矿(Titano-hematite)的出溶相。金红石晶粒中的含钛赤铁矿于600℃消失;而钛铁矿中的含钛赤铁矿于800℃消失,且整个晶粉转变成亚铁假板钛矿(Ferro-pseudobrookite)。总结出金红石中铁的三种存在形式:类质同象置换钛的Fe~(3+)、固溶体出溶相含钛赤钛铁矿中的Fe~(3+)及钛铁矿中所含的Fe~(2+)。     

CJF-20冲击反循环钻机钻进工艺技术分析

根据冲击碎岩理论和冲击反循环钻进中的工艺技术参数,结合工程施工实例对ＣＪＦ－２０冲击反循环钻机的钻进工艺技术进行了初步的分析探讨,实践表明,ＣＪＦ－２０冲击反循环钻机应用于复杂地层钻进成孔可取得了较好的技术经济效果。     

兰坪中新生代沉积盆地演化

兰坪中新生代沉积盆地形成和演化与金沙江洋的俯消减及洋陆转换过程密切相关,记录了其盆－山转换过程,早二叠世晚期－晚二叠世时期,由于金沙江洋的俯冲消减,形成了金沙江弧－盆系的空间配置,兰坪地区成为弧后盆地,早中三叠世,金沙江弧－盆系及东西两侧的昌都－兰坪陆块和中咱－中甸陆块的构造沉积式样发生大的转米,开始了兰坪中新生代盆－山转换历史,由于弧陆碰撞作用,使得兰坪分国地由弧后盆地转化成弧后前陆舅地,盆地中     

安徽铜陵地区蚀变-流体填图方法的探讨

蚀变流体填图是一项区域流体地质调查研究工作 ,也是一项具有战略意义的、综合性的基础地质研究工作。区域大面积的流体填图工作的理论依据、思路方法、填图要素、技术要求和规范等还没有一套成熟的方法体系。在实施中国地质调查局和国土资源部科学技术司的“铜陵地区蚀变流体填图”项目中 ,探讨了流体填图的理论依据、思路方法、研究内容和填图要素 ,对填图单位制定了 3级填图单元等级体制 ,即流体系统流体子系统流体单元。在铜陵地区划分出 4个流体系统 ,7个流体子系统和 18个流体单元。