黑河流域典型生态系统的降雨截留特征——基于高时间分辨率的土壤水分数据（英文）

Rainfall interception is of great significance to the fully utilization of rainfall in water limited areas.Until now,studies on rainfall partitioning process of typical ecosystems in Heihe River Basin,one of the most important inland river basins in China,is still insufficient.In this study,six typical ecosystems were selected,namely alpine meadow,coniferous forest,mountain steppe,desert,cultivated crop,and riparian forest,in Heihe River Basin for investigation of the rainfall interception characteristics and their influencing factors,including rainfall amount,duration,and intensity,based on the gross rainfall and high temporal resolution soil moisture data obtained from 12 automatic observation sites.The results show that the average interception amount and average interception rate of the six ecosystems are significantly different: alpine meadow 6.2 mm and 45.9%,coniferous forest 7.4 mm and 69.1%,mountain steppe 3.5 mm and 37.3%,desert 3.5 mm and 57.2%,cultivated crop 4.5 mm and 69.1%,and riparian forest 2.6 mm and 66.7%,respectively.The rainfall amount,duration,and intensity all had impact on the process of rainfall interception.Among these three factors,the impact of rainfall amount was most significant.The responses of these ecosystems to the rainfall characteristics were also different.Analyzing rainfall interception with high temporal resolution soil moisture data is proved to be a feasible method and need further development in the future.     

Remote Sensing Monitoring Methods and Applications of Atmospheric Constituents

Accurate and timely monitoring of atmospheric constituents is the prerequisite for mastering the distribution characteristics of atmospheric constituents, studying the genetic mechanism of the forming of atmospheric pollution, and effectively preventing and controlling air pollution. Among various observation methods of atmospheric constituents, remote sensing monitoring technology can provide the long-distance and real-time observation, have the ability of rapid analysis of diverse atmospheric mixtures, and obtain stereoscopic spatiotemporal distribution of target constituents without sampling. There are various methods and instruments for remote sensing monitoring of atmospheric constituents, and each of them has its unique advantage, covering a multiple gases and aerosol. According to the difference of the height of the remote sensing platform, it can be divided into ground platform, aviation platform and space platform. Remote sensing technology is widely applied in the field of atmospheric constituents monitoring, and meets the observational requirements for a variety of purposes. This paper introduced the remote sensing monitoring methods and platforms of atmospheric constituents and summarized their application examples for different purposes. It also outlined the future development direction of remote sensing methods in atmospheric constituents’ observation.     

古老碳酸盐岩古油藏储量计算方法探讨——以四川盆地安岳气田灯影组为例

在古油藏石油储量计算过程中,一般是根据沥青的分布面积确定古油藏面积或者根据古圈闭面积确定古油藏面积,这些方法存在局限性.针对现有确定古油藏石油地质储量方法的缺陷和不足,本文以四川盆地安岳气田震旦系灯影组气藏为例,创建了古油藏储量计算公式,同时建立了古油藏面积与现今气藏面积之间的关系式以及古油藏孔隙度与现今气藏孔隙度之间...     

风沙运动的欧拉双流体模型参数灵敏度分析

由于欧拉双流体模型的风沙流数值计算涉及的参数非常繁多,模型参数的选取会对计算结果产生很大影响。文中从欧拉双流体模型的基本方程出发,确定了11个模型关键参数,并给出其合理取值范围。进一步基于Morris灵敏度分析法,采用Fluent软件研究了参数不确定度对输沙率饱和值的影响,度量了各参数的重要性及其相互作用大小。计算结果表明,沙粒相直径和沙床最大堆积率是对输沙率饱和值有较大非线性影响的参数,且与其他参数之间存在一定的交互作用。镜面系数与颗粒拟温度是灵敏度较小的线性参数,且与其它参数之间基本不存在交互作用。     

Paleogene and Early Neogene Lacustrine Reefs in the WesternQaidam Basin, China

Typical reefs in the Paleogene and early Neogene strata of the Qaidam Basin, Tibetan Plateau, China, reveal their internal structures and sedimentation environments and consist mainly of algal reef, stromatolite reef and thrombolite reef with distinct reef structures, fore-reef, back-reef and reef-plateau. The fore-reef is characterized by a combination of pinnacle reef, thrombolite and algal reef. The back reef is composed of stromatolite reef and algal reef. The pinnacle reefs (micro-atoll), most of which are several tens of centimeters in diameter (whereas some exceptionally big ones are over 200 cm in diameter), and several tens of centimeter to 2 m in height, are situated on the far front-edge of the reef; the pinnacle reef is also often of recumbent form with a gravel-filled circular hole in the center. The algal reef is in the form of dome and irregular beds, and filled with algal detritus, ostracodes, spirorbis fossils, ooid and terrigenous debris, and worm traces; cavities and scour marks are of     

柴达木盆地东部三湖地区第四纪沉积物源分析

柴达木盆地三湖地区第四系的形成是在新近纪末期新构造运动作用下,盆地沉积中心由西向东整体迁移的产物.在第四系中发现了世界上最大的生物气田,近年来在寻找构造圈闭难以取得突破的情况下,岩性圈闭的勘探成为下一步勘探工作的必然选择.确定物源方向对岩性油气藏的勘探具有重要的指导作用.该文通过分析现今水系分布、储层岩性、矿物组合、氯离子含量、重矿物、泥质含量、砂岩含量、地震前积反射等特征和通过野外踏勘、储层反演等手段,确定三湖地区第四系沉积物源呈明显的不对称性,主要物源来自南部的昆仑山,次要物源来自北斜坡东部锡铁山-埃姆尼克山.     

柴达木盆地西部新生代沉积特征及其对阿尔金断裂走滑活动的响应

柴达木盆地西部新生代沉积的发育受昆仑山(及青藏高原)崛起和阿尔金断裂的走滑活动控制。基于对该地新生界尤其是下油砂山组沉积环境的剖析,并与邻区的索尔库里北盆地进行对比,对阿尔金断裂的新生代的活动提出以下认识。1)古近纪为右行走滑,中新世起变为左行走滑,在盆地北缘伴随走滑发生的冲断作用,早期向北东扩展,晚期向南西扩展。2)阿尔金断裂的斜冲作用在始新世和上新世表现尤为明显,控制了下干柴沟组上段和狮子沟组异常高的沉积速率和沉积中心自西向东迁移。3)中新世是阿尔金断裂的松弛期,在次级北东向正断层的联合作用下可能在柴西形成拉分盆地,因而盆地发育特征明显不同于邻区的索尔库里北盆地。4)新近纪阿尔金断裂在左行走滑的大背景下经历了一个陆内的拉张—挤压旋回。