枣庄市十里泉地下水环境问题的初步研究

本文通过多年的监测资料，对十里泉水源地的过量开采和“三废”排放所引起的地下水环境问题进行了初步的探讨，并提出了治理和预防的措施。     

Mechanical Research on Binucleus-Type Vortex Structures

Abstract A new type of vortex structure—binucleus-type vortex structure—is presented in this paper. It is characterized by two nuclear columns which distinguish it from uninucleus-type vortex structure. The vortical surfaces of the structure are commonly s- shaped and reversed s- shaped and subordinately of elliptic and hyperbolic shape, and sometimes turbine-like surfaces are observed. On the basis of field structural studies, a mechanical model of rotation around a binuclear column of crustal materials is presented in the paper. Burgers viscoelastic solutions of the stress field and deformation field of this structural type have been obtained using the principle and method of rheology, and simulation experiments have been performed. The results of the theoretical calculation and experiments indicate that the proposed mechanical model is applicable.     

Experimental evidence for the dynamics of the formation of the Yinggehai basin, NW South China Sea

The Yinggehai basin is located on the northwestern shelf of the South China Sea. It is the seaward elongation of the Red River Fault Zone (RRFZ). The orientation and rift shape of the Yinggehai basin are mainly controlled by NW-, NNW- and nearly NS-trending basal faults. The depocenter migrated southeastward when the basin developed. The depocenter trended northwest before about 36 Ma, then jumped southward and became nearly N–S trending and migrated toward the southeast up to 21 Ma; thereafter, the depocenter trended northwest again. Based on above and structural evolution in neighbor areas, it is believed that the Yinggehai basin formation was mainly controlled by the extrusion accompanied by clockwise rotation of Indochina. We set up analogue models (thin basal plate model and thick basal plate model) to investigate the evolution of Yinggehai basin. From the experiments, we consider that the basin evolution was related to the extrusion and clockwise rotation of the Indochina block, which was caused by the collision of the Indian plate and Tibet. This process took place in four main stages: (1) Slow rifting stage (before 36 Ma) with a NW-trending depocenter; (2) rifting stage formed by sinistral slip of the Indochina block accompanied by rapid clockwise rotation between 36 and 21 Ma; (3) rifting-thermal subsidence stage affected by sinistral slip of the Indochina (21–5 Ma) block and (4) dextral strike–slip (5–0 Ma).     

华北克拉通上地幔变形及其动力学意义

华北克拉通从稳定到破坏的演化过程对有关地球动力学的经典理论提出了挑战,研究其独特的演化历史是固体地球科学研究的一项重要内容。上地幔矿物晶体的各向异性记录了上地幔发生构造变形的信息,研究上地幔地震波各向异性能够揭示现今和构造历史时期所发生的构造运动。本文总结了近年来作者在华北克拉通地区所进行的高密度、覆盖广泛的地震波横波分裂观测研究结果。横波分裂的快轴方向与绝对板块运动方向的不一致,以及横波分裂参数快速的空间变化特征表明了华北克拉通的SKS横波分裂主要反映上地幔的变形。观测结果表明：鄂尔多斯块体保留了克拉通较弱的各向异性特征,其西端体现了元古代克拉通拼合的变形特征; 中新生代华北克拉通破坏事件以不同的机制主导了华北克拉通中部和东部的上地幔变形,在东部地区北西—南东向的拉张应力作用使得快轴方向平行于拉张方向,而在中部则因受到较厚岩石圈的阻挡使得地幔流动改变了方向,因此造成了北东和北北东向的岩石圈拉张。     

陆相含油气盆地中白云岩产出的层序类型及其层序地层学分析——以东营凹陷西部沙河街组三段上部白云岩为例

本文以东营凹陷西部沙河街组三段上部白云岩为例，对白云岩产出的层序类型进行了分析，结果表明区内白云岩在不同钻井中产出的层序特征不同，分别与砂砾岩、粉砂岩、泥岩等互层．在上述基础上，运用层序地层学理论对白云岩层进行了层序地层学分析，其为高水位体系域晚期发展阶段的产物，是进积准层序的组成单元。     

Three-layer model for vertical velocity distribution in open channel flow with submerged rigid vegetation

Based on the detailed laboratory experiments and theoretical analysis, a new three-layer model is proposed to predict the vertical velocity distribution in an open channel flow with submerged vegetation. The time averaged velocity and turbulence behaviour of a steady uniform flow with fully submerged artificial rigid vegetation was measured using a 3D Micro ADV, and the vertical distribution of velocity and Reynolds shear stress at different vegetation height, vegetation density and measuring positions were obtained. The results show that the velocity profile consists of three hydrodynamic regimes (i.e. the upper non-vegetated layer, the outer and bottom layer within vegetation); accordingly different methods had been adopted to describe the vertical velocity distribution. For the upper non-vegetated layer, a modified mixing length theory combined with the concept of ‘the new vegetation boundary layer’ was adopted, and an analytical model was presented to predict the vertical velocity distribution in this region. For the bottom layer within vegetation, the depth average velocity was obtained by numerically solving the momentum equations. For the upper layer within vegetation, the analytical solution was presented by expressing the shear stress as a formula fitted to the experimental data. Finally, the analytical predictions of the vertical velocity over the whole flow depth were compared with the results obtained by other researchers, and the good agreement proved that the three-layer model can be used to predict the velocity distribution of the open channel flow with submerged rigid vegetation.     

黄河流域近40年日照百分率的气候变化特征

利用黄河流域及其周边146个气象站1960--2000年逐月日照百分率资料，研究分析了黄河流域日照百分率的气候变化趋势。结果表明，就整个流域平均而言，日照百分率呈明显下降趋势，黄河流域年平均日照百分率在20世纪90年代较60年代下降了2．49％；日照百分率的下降主要表现在夏季和冬季，春季和秋季下降不明显。对日照百分率气候变化的空间分析表明，除极少数台站的日照百分率呈略有上升趋势外（主要出现在流域上游），黄河流域日照百分率的下降表现得非常明显，遍布整个流域的中、下游。     

Submarine landslides on the north continental slope of the South China Sea

Recent and paleo-submarine landslides are widely distributed within strata in deep-water areas along continental slopes, uplifts, and carbonate platforms on the north continental margin of the South China Sea (SCS). In this paper, high-resolution 3D seismic data and multibeam data based on seismic sedimentology and geomorphology are employed to assist in identifying submarine landslides. In addition, deposition models are proposed that are based on specific geological structures and features, and which illustrate the local stress field over entire submarine landslides in deep-water areas of the SCS. The SCS is one of the largest fluvial sediment sinks in enclosed or semi-enclosed marginal seas worldwide. It therefore provides a set of preconditions for the formation of submarine landslides, including rapid sediment accumulation, formation of gas hydrates, and fluid overpressure. A new concept involving temporal and spatial analyses is tested to construct a relationship between submarine landslides and different time scale trigger mechanisms, and three mechanisms are discussed in the context of spatial scale and temporal frequency: evolution of slope gradient and overpressure, global environmental changes, and tectonic events. Submarine landslides that are triggered by tectonic events are the largest but occur less frequently, while submarine landslides triggered by the combination of slope gradient and over-pressure evolution are the smallest but most frequently occurring events. In summary, analysis shows that the formation of submarine landslides is a complex process involving the operation of different factors on various time scales.     

板内地震过程的三层次构造模式

地震的本质是一个能量长期积累和突发释放的地质过程。在板内地震特征分析的基础上,我们提出板内地震的三层次构造模式——软流圈上隆的深部构造、中地壳韧性流变层(低速高导层)及其上、下的强硬层组成的中部三明治构造和上地壳浅表脆性断裂构造。软流圈上隆使岩石圈减薄并为震源提供热能和机械能,提升地震三明治构造中韧性流变层的温度,且降低其粘度,相应地加大了高导层与高阻层的能干差,使得热能和机械能引起的应变能在两种不同流变性质介质边界附近强烈集中。三明治构造上面脆性断裂加速了应力集中,当活动断层达到三明治构造边界,即可触发地震的发生,引起应变能、热能的突然释放。基于以上模式,我们初步设计了对三层次构造信息的地震监测系统。     

中国省级以上开发区产业集聚的多尺度分析

从"区域-省域-地(市)"3个空间尺度入手,分析中国开发区产业集聚特征,结果表明:①中国开发区总体上以技术密集型为主导,装备制造、电子信息、生物医药产业优势明显.但东中西部差异巨大,技术密集型、劳动密集型、资本密集型产业分别占据地区主导地位.②开发区产业集聚度随尺度缩小而扩大,城市群、中心城市是其最重要的空间载体.同时...