Adaptive collocation with application in height system transformation

In collocation applications, the prior covariance matrices or weight matrices between the signals and the observations should be consistent to their uncertainties; otherwise, the solution of collocation will be distorted. To balance the covariance matrices of the signals and the observations, a new adaptive collocation estimator is thus derived in which the corresponding adaptive factor is constructed by the ratio of the variance components of the signals and the observations. A maximum likelihood estimator of the variance components is thus derived based on the collocation functional model and stochastic model. A simplified Helmert type estimator of the variance components for the collocation is also introduced and compared to the derived maximum likelihood type estimator. Reasonable and consistent covariance matrices of the signals and the observations are arrived through the adjustment of the adaptive factor. The new adaptive collocation with related adaptive factor constructed by the derived variance components is applied in a transformation between the geodetic height derived by GPS and orthometric height. It is shown that the adaptive collocation is not only simple in calculation but also effective in balancing the contribution of observations and the signals in the collocation model.     

重力坝大孔口坝段抗震试验研究

以景洪水电站重力坝大孔口坝段为研究对象,通过输入没特性地震波的振动台模型试验和三维有限元分析,定量、定性地研究了大孔口坝段地震反应的特性。结果表明,对于大孔口坝段使用现行抗震规范反应谱曲线乍得的结果偏小;用振型迭加计算大孔坝段地震响应,参与迭加的振型不应少于五阶;应充分考虑不同地震特性的影响。     

新型虾保鲜剂（PPR－1）在对虾保鲜中的应用

实验比较新型虾保鲜剂（ＰＰＲ—１）及其它类型的虾保鲜剂如亚硫酸氢钠（ＳＢＳ）、植酸（ＰＡ）及日本虾保鲜剂（ＪＰＲ）对中国对虾ＰｅｎａｅｕｓＣｈｉｎｅｎｓｉｓ的保鲜作用。实验指出：（１）在冷藏（４℃）与冷冻（－１８℃）保藏条件下，ＰＰＲ—１及ＪＰＲ对中国对虾的保鲜效果均优于ＰＡ和ＳＢＳ；（２）在冷藏（４℃）或冷冻（－１８℃）条件下，去头保鲜效果均优于带头保鲜效果。     

Effect of wave-induced Stokes drift on the dynamics of ocean mixed layer

The wave-forcing ’Coriolis-Stokes forcing’ and ’Stokes-vortex force’ induced by Stokes drift affect the upper ocean jointly.To study the effect of the wave-induced Stokes drift on the dynamics of the ocean mixed layer,a new three-dimensional(3D) numerical model is derived using the primitive basic equations and Eulerian wave averaging.The Princeton Ocean Model(POM),a 3D primitive equation ocean model is used with the upper wave-averaged basic equations.The global ocean circulation is simulated using the POM model,and the Stokes drift is evaluated based on the wave data generated by WAVEWATCH III.We compared simulations with and without the Stokes drift.The results show that the magnitude of the Stokes drift is comparable with the Eulerian mean current.Including the Stokes drift in the ocean model affects both the Eulerian current and the Lagranian drift and causes the vertical mixing coefficients to increase.     

太平洋大尺度环流数值模拟 I:数学模式及其性能

本工作基于曾庆存的海洋环流模式设计思想和大气物理研究所海洋环流模式(IAPOGCM)基本动力框架,设计并实现了四层太平洋环流模式;同时引进稳定有效的时间积分方案和海表热通量参数化方法,对太平洋大尺度环流进行了较为系统的数值模拟. 本文首先导出消除“刚盖”近似、扣除海洋标准层结、保持总有效能量守恒的OGCM基本方程组;给出空间差分格式和时间积分方案,引入海表热通量计算方法;然后,在太平洋区域对所设计的四层OGCM的一些模式性能进行了分析、表明,时间积分方案采用基于“灵活性系数”技术的加速收敛方法和适应过程中流场正压斜压进一步分解算法,同时采取一些技术处理,可确保模式稳定而有效地进行长时间数值积分、有效能量分析表明,与海面起伏相联系的有效表面位能是总有效能量的重要组成部分,它与动能同量级甚至更大些,因此在OGCM中须考虑有效表面位能与其它能量间的转换机制,这在物理上更加合理,而采用“刚盖”近似则是不合理的;同时,扣除海洋标准层结,缩小了位能与动能之间的量级差别,有利于长期数值积分的稳定进行.此外,这个模式能直接计算海面起伏和分析有效能量,使得表面流场和上层海洋热储率的模拟比已有文献的结果有明显的改进.除模式设计外,本部分只给出模式的基本性能,系统的模拟结果将在第Ⅱ,Ⅲ两部分发表.     

On the ore-forming conditions and ore-forming model of the superlarge multimetal deposit in Shizhuyuan

Eight favorable ore-forming conditions for the Shizhuyuan W-multimetal deposit are proposed. They are: (i) the geochemistry background special enriching the volatile and W and Sn ore-forming elements; (ii) the existence of melt-fluid system very rich in volatile and ore-forming elements; (iii) supply of sufficient ore-forming material and volatile multi-source; (iv) the infiltration and convection water source and driving force partly supplied by the Jurassic reservoir basin; (v) favorable tectonic conditions; (vi) ore-bearing greisen and vein superimposed in the pre-existing skarn rocks; (vii) favorable ore-transport and ore-concentration strata condition; (viii) there were a set of favorable ore-forming structures in Shizuyuan area; (ix) the orebody has good ore-reserve condition. Finally, ore-forming models are proposed. The paper is one of the achievements on the research related to the Climbing Project “The basic related to searching for the superlarge deposits supported by the State Science and Technology Commission. This research is also granted by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 49572134).     

对水产资源评估的两种世代分析方法比较

本文采取常用的种群评估方法，应用模拟数据比较研究了两种世代分析方法（ＶＰＡ）（Ｇｕｌｌａｎｄ（１９６５）ＶＰＡ方法和分离ＶＰＡ方法（ＰｏｐｅａｎｄＳｈｅｐｈｅｒｄ１９８２））。指出：在没有应用捕捞努力量调谐最近捕劳死亡率时，分离ＶＰＡ和ＧｕｌｌａｎｄＶＰＡ都不能正确反映实况；当使用调谐方法后，两种方法的结果都有所改善；对三组初始捕捞死亡率，Ｇｕｌｌａｎｄ方法给出相同结果；相反分离ＶＰＡ对不同初始值作出不同答案，但是在初始值接近真值时，分离ＶＰＡ的计算值较Ｇｕｌｌａｎｄ方法为好。     

骊山凸起隆升的时限及其地质意义

根据渭河盆地灞河期和游河期的地层沉积特征及分布范围,推断骊山凸起的隆升时期为晚中新世,游河期渭河盆地形成了西安凹陷和固市凹陷两个沉积中心,现今渭河盆地凸起和凹陷的并存的地貌格局很可能自晚中新世就已经形成。渭河盆地周缘在8Ma左右存在一次强烈区域隆升事件,对秦岭的隆升有显著影响。     

西藏南部晚始新世打拉埃达克质花岗岩及其构造动力学意义

打拉二云母花岗岩岩体位于雅拉香波穹隆的东南,侵入到中生代以前的变质岩系(眼球状花岗质片麻岩和石榴黑云母片麻岩)和特提斯沉积岩(页岩和砂岩)中,主要由石英、斜长石、钾长石、黑云母和白云母组成,形成于～44.3Ma。打拉二云母花岗岩地球化学特征表明:打拉花岗岩具有高Al_2O_3(16.0%～17.0%)、Na_2O/K_2O(1.2)以及A/CNK比值(1.05),表明打拉花岗岩为富钠过铝质花岗岩;轻稀土(LREE)富集,重稀土(HREE)相对亏损,HREE中的Ho到Lu元素有变平的特征((Ho/Lu)_N=1.11～1.46);具有微弱或无Eu异常,Eu/Eu~*=0.87～0.95;较高的初始Sr同位素比值(~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr(i)=0.71754～0.71785)和较低的初始Nd比值(ε_(Nd)(i)=-9.15～-12.4)。打拉花岗岩具有高Sr含量(为355×10~(-6)～416×10~(-6))和Sr/Y的比值(59.1～71.5)、高La/Yb比值、低Y及HREE亏损的特征,与埃达克质花岗岩类似。上述特征表明打拉花岗岩是在较高压力条件下,以角闪岩为主的深部岩石部分熔融的结果。     

基于WebGIS技术的人工增雨指挥系统

利用ArcGIS地理信息软件平台和计算机服务器硬件平台,结合当地人工影响天气业务的实际需求,研制完成了集省、市、县三级作业为一体、基于WebGIS技术的人工增雨指挥系统,实现了人工增雨作业指挥业务化。该系统充分利用了计算机网络、数据库、空地无线传输、GPS、GIS、手机短信等新技术并集成了雷达、卫星、自动站雨量、干旱指数、数值预报等气象产品,利用IE浏览器即可实现实时指挥飞机、地面增雨作业,着重对人工增雨作业指挥系统的设计思路、系统构成、软件功能及数据库设计等内容进行介绍。