合浦绒螯蟹生长和生态特性

为保护和开发合浦绒螯蟹资源,通过生态调查和养殖试验,研究了该蟹的生长和生态特征,结果表明该蟹在淡水中生长,在盐度8～25的海水中繁殖;其生活史包括卵、蚤状幼体、大眼幼体、幼蟹和成蟹5个阶段.各阶段的生长和生态特征各不相同.规格较大的蟹其绝对生长值也大,但相对生长率则较小;相反,规格较小的蟹其绝对生长值较小,但相对生长率则较大.合浦绒螯蟹交配的适宜水温是1 5～20℃,盐度8～25;蚤状幼体生长的适宜水温为20～25℃,盐度8～25;大眼幼体已趋于淡水生活,其生长适温18～28℃;幼蟹和成蟹在淡水中生活,适温是20～30℃.资源调查和养殖试验结果表明合浦绒螯蟹的生长速度较快,一年内可长成,开展人工养殖是可行的.     

Geochemistry of ore-forming fluids and geological significance

The Kuoerzhenkuola gold field (including the Kuoerzhenkuola and the Buerkesidai gold deposits) is the most important one in the Sawuer gold belt, northern Xinjiang, China. Isotopic studies including D, O, He, C, S, Pb and Sr reveal that the ore-forming fluids of the Kuoerzhenkuola and the Buerkesidai deposits shared the same source: the water of ore fluids was magmatic water and minor meteoric water; the mineralizers and ore materials derived mainly from mantle beneath the island arc, and partially from crust. The ore-forming fluids of two deposits are a mixture of mantle-derived fluids incorporated by crust-derived fluid, and meteoric water. Based on these results, combined with the consideration of the tectonic setting and geological features, we suggest that the two gold deposits in the Kuoerzhenkuola gold field, Sawur gold belt share the same genesis, and are volcanogenic hydrothermal gold deposits occurring in the same caldera.     

Isolation and characteristics of one marine psychrotrophic cellulase-generating bacterium Ar/w/b/75°/10/5 from Chuckchi Sea,Arctic

Microorganisms living in polar zones play an important part as the potential source of organic activity materials with low temperature characteristics in the bio-technological applications. A psychrotrophic bacterium (strain Ar/w/b/75°/10/5) , producing cellulose at low temperatures during late-exponential and early-stationary phases of cell growth, was isolated from sea ice-covered surface water in Chuckchi Sea, Arctic. This bacterium, with rod cells, was Gram-negative, slightly halophilic. Colony growing on agar plate was in black. Optimum growth temperature was 15℃. No cell growth was observed at 351 or above. Optimum salt concentration for cell growth was between 2 and 3 % of sodium chloride in media. Maximal cellulase activity was detected at a temperature of 35℃ and pH8. Cellulase was irreversibly inactivated when incubated at 55℃ within 30 min. Enzyme can be kept stable at the temperature no higher than 25℃. Of special interest was that this bacterium produced various extracellular enzymes i     

若干恒星形成区的^12CO（J=1—0）与^13CO（J=1—0）观测

首次利用紫金山天文台青海观测站13.7m毫米波射电望远镜对若干分子云与恒星形成区的~(12)CO(J=1—0)和~(13)CO(J=1—0)分子辐射进行了观测,得到了各自中心位置的谱线轮廓。作为一个实例本文将介绍如何通过对分子云~(12)CO(J=1—0)和~(13)CO(J=1—0)谱线的综合分析与计算得到云中的物理参数。     

Parameterization of the Absorption of the H2O Continuum, CO2, O2, and Other Trace Gases in the Fu-Liou Solar Radiation Program

The absorption properties of the water vapor continuum and a number of weak bands for H2O, O2, CO2, CO, N2O, CH4, and O3 in the solar spectrum are incorporated into the Fu-Liou radiation parameterization program by using the correlated k-distribution method (CKD) for the sorting of absorption lines. The overlap absorption of the H2O lines and the H2O continuum (2500-14500 cm^-1) are treated by taking the two gases as a single-mixture gas in transmittance calculations. Furthermore, in order to optimize the computation efforts, CO2 and CH4 in the spectral region 2850-5250 cm^-1 are taken as a new singlemixture gas as well. For overlap involving other absorption lines in the Fu-Liou spectral bands, the authors adopt the multiplication rule for transmittance computations under which the absorption spectra for two gases are assumed to be uncorrelated. Compared to the line-by-line (LBL) computation, it is shown that the errors in fluxes introduced by these two approaches within the context of the CKD method are small and less than 0.48% for the H20 line and continuum in the 2500-14500 cm^-1 solar spectral region, -1% for H2O (line) H2O (continuum) CO2 CH4 in the spectral region 2850-5250 cm^-1, and -1.5% for H2O (line) H2O (continuum) O2 in the 7700-14500 cm^-1 spectral region. Analysis also demonstrates that the multiplication rule over a spectral interval as wide as 6800 cm^-1 can produce acceptable errors with a maximum percentage value of about 2% in reference to the LBL calculation. Addition of the preceding gases increases the absorption of solar radiation under all sky conditions. For clear sky, the increase in instantaneous solar absorption is about 9%-13% (-12 W m^-2) among which the H20 continuum produces the largest increase, while the contributions from O2 and CO2 rank second and third, respectively. In cloudy sky, the addition of absorption amounts to about 6-9 W m^-2. The new, improved program with the incorporation of the preceding gases produces a smaller solar absorption in clouds due to the reduced solar flux reaching the cloud top.     

川西高原草原火险危害等级预报方法简介

在四川甘孜、阿坝、凉山三个少数民族自治州中,选取石渠、色达、理塘、稻城等八个气象站地面上温度、露点、降水量、风速等气象要素,通过计算得到相对湿度后,自动替换生成最近连续五天的与草原火险有关的气象资料库.通过干燥度指数计算得着火指标,风湿指数计算得蔓延指数;通过着火指数(蔓延指数)与着火(蔓延)阀值的比较得出着火(蔓延)等级初值;再通过降水量的客观预报值对其初值进行修订得出未来24小时川西高原草原着火、蔓延危害等级预报.以上全过程均自动实现.     

Global two dimensional chemistry model and simulation of atmospheric chemical composition

1.IntroductionAgreatchangehastakenplaceinglobalatmosphericchemicalcompositionbecauseofhumanactivitiessinceindustrialrevolution.Numericalsimulationisaneffectivetooltostudythechangeoftracegases.Inthelasttwentyyears,two--dimensionalchemical/transportmodelshavebeenextensivelydevelopedtosimulatethedistributionsoftracers(GidelandCrutzen,1983;Hough,1991;LawandPyle1993).Inordertopredictthefuturepossiblechangesofatmosphericspecies,itisnecessarytohaveabetterunderstandingofprocessessuchasemission,trans…     

影响我国冬小麦产量的气象因子研究

收集整理了全国５２个市、县冬小麦产量预报模型资料,总结撮出预报因子,通过定量分析,了解了影响各地区冬小麦产量的主要气象因子,为大面积冬小麦产量监测和预报提供了科学依据。     

光学弱相干层析成像进展

光学弱相干层析成像技术结合了共焦、弱相干、光外差及扫描层析成像等技术的优点,可实现无损伤、在体检测,具有较高的探测灵敏度和分辨率,可望在生物组织活检中获得广泛应用。本文在讨论ＯＣＴ基本原理的基础上,介绍了ＯＣＴ系统的若干应用,如龋齿、体内器官粘膜的成像检测和对血管结构与血流动力学的成像检测等。