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The computation of stresses within a finite element displacement method analysis of a shell of revolution is considered. The common procedure of applying the kinematic and constitutive laws to the displacement functions is examined and justified for models where the displacements are represented by high-order polynomial expansions. Also, two alternative computational formats within this technique are explored. The influence of the column-supported base condition on a hyperboloidal shell of revolution is studied with respect to the stresses calculated from a response spectrum analysis. These studies emphasize the importance of accurately modelling the base region of a column-supported shell such as a hyperbolic cooling tower. 相似文献
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{{/each}} 《气候与环境研究》2008,13(4):584-584
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{{if article.graphicalAbstractinfoCn && article.graphicalAbstractinfoCn != ""}}{{@ article.graphicalAbstractinfoCn}}{{/if}} 相似文献
46.
Nicolas C. Jourdain Alexander Sen Gupta Andréa S. Taschetto Caroline C. Ummenhofer Aurel F. Moise Karumuri Ashok 《Climate Dynamics》2013,41(11-12):3073-3102
A large spread exists in both Indian and Australian average monsoon rainfall and in their interannual variations diagnosed from various observational and reanalysis products. While the multi model mean monsoon rainfall from 59 models taking part in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP3 and CMIP5) fall within the observational uncertainty, considerable model spread exists. Rainfall seasonality is consistent across observations and reanalyses, but most CMIP models produce either a too peaked or a too flat seasonal cycle, with CMIP5 models generally performing better than CMIP3. Considering all North-Australia rainfall, most models reproduce the observed Australian monsoon-El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) teleconnection, with the strength of the relationship dependent on the strength of the simulated ENSO. However, over the Maritime Continent, the simulated monsoon-ENSO connection is generally weaker than observed, depending on the ability of each model to realistically reproduce the ENSO signature in the Warm Pool region. A large part of this bias comes from the contribution of Papua, where moisture convergence seems to be particularly affected by this SST bias. The Indian summer monsoon-ENSO relationship is affected by overly persistent ENSO events in many CMIP models. Despite significant wind anomalies in the Indian Ocean related to Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) events, the monsoon-IOD relationship remains relatively weak both in the observations and in the CMIP models. Based on model fidelity in reproducing realistic monsoon characteristics and ENSO teleconnections, we objectively select 12 “best” models to analyze projections in the rcp8.5 scenario. Eleven of these models are from the CMIP5 ensemble. In India and Australia, most of these models produce 5–20 % more monsoon rainfall over the second half of the twentieth century than during the late nineteenth century. By contrast, there is no clear model consensus over the Maritime Continent. 相似文献
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A procedure for the dynamic initialization of wind and temperature fields within the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) is presented. The procedure uses transilient turbulence theory to assess the turbulent fluxes from observed wind and temperature data, which are used to estimate the eddy transfer coefficients, so enabling a local closure ABL model to be integrated forward in time to a new steady state. The method has been applied to initialize kytoon data taken at Kharagpur (22.3° N, 87.2° E) during the MONTBLEX field programme. Results of a case study for 17 June 1990 are discussed. 相似文献
48.
A multi-proxy reconstruction of spatial and temporal variations in Asian summer temperatures over the last millennium 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Feng?Shi Quansheng?GeEmail author Bao?Yang Jianping?Li Fengmei?Yang Fredrik?Charpentier?Ljungqvist Olga?Solomina Takeshi?Nakatsuka Ninglian?Wang Sen?Zhao Chenxi?Xu Keyan?Fang Masaki?Sano Guoqiang?Chu Zexin?Fan Narayan?P.?Gaire Muhammad?Usama?Zafar 《Climatic change》2015,131(4):663-676
To investigate climate variability in Asia during the last millennium, the spatial and temporal evolution of summer (June–July–August; JJA) temperature in eastern and south-central Asia is reconstructed using multi-proxy records and the regularized expectation maximization (RegEM) algorithm with truncated total least squares (TTLS), under a point-by-point regression (PPR) framework. The temperature index reconstructions show that the late 20th century was the warmest period in Asia over the past millennium. The temperature field reconstructions illustrate that temperatures in central, eastern, and southern China during the 11th and 13th centuries, and in western Asia during the 12th century, were significantly higher than those in other regions, and comparable to levels in the 20th century. Except for the most recent warming, all identified warm events showed distinct regional expressions and none were uniform over the entire reconstruction area. The main finding of the study is that spatial temperature patterns have, on centennial time-scales, varied greatly over the last millennium. Moreover, seven climate model simulations, from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5), over the same region of Asia, are all consistent with the temperature index reconstruction at the 99 % confidence level. Only spatial temperature patterns extracted as the first empirical orthogonal function (EOF) from the GISS-E2-R and MPI-ESM-P model simulations are significant and consistent with the temperature field reconstruction over the past millennium in Asia at the 90 % confidence level. This indicates that both the reconstruction and the simulations depict the temporal climate variability well over the past millennium. However, the spatial simulation or reconstruction capability of climate variability over the past millennium could be still limited. For reconstruction, some grid points do not pass validation tests and reveal the need for more proxies with high temporal resolution, accurate dating, and sensitive temperature signals, especially in central Asia and before AD 1400. 相似文献
49.
在RS和GIS支持下,选取4期遥感数据,采用室内解译和野外检验修正的方法,获得龙羊峡水库周边地区不同时期土地沙漠化数据库.结果显示,在过去30 a中,龙羊峡水库周边地区土地的沙漠化在时间上经历了一般发展到正在逆转两个阶段;2000年以后,极重度沙漠化土地和重度沙漠化土地变化最为明显,均呈现逆转趋势,其中极重度沙漠化逆转为其他类型的总面积为145.90 km2,重度沙漠化土地逆转为中度沙漠化面积为146.44km2;在沙漠化土地的空间分布上,过去30 a里,沙漠化土地主要集中分布在龙羊峡两岸的塔拉滩和木格滩地区;研究区内沙漠化的逆转主要是由重度和极重度沙漠化土地转变为中度和轻度沙漠化土地.1975-1989年,研究区的降水呈增加趋势,但是由于这一时期人为因素的影响,沙漠化呈不断加剧的态势;1989-2000年,研究区的气候趋向于暖干化,加上过度放牧等人为因素,重度和极重度沙漠化土地持续发展;2000年以后,研究区的气候趋向于暖湿化,政府实施了一系列生态环境保护、恢复计划,沙化土地呈现逆转的态势. 相似文献
50.
玉米作为一种重要的粮食作物,其产量对于国家粮食安全的影响至关重要。该文结合遥感与地面实测气温数据,基于地表温度与气温具有显著的线性相关关系,构建我国夏玉米主产区高温热害评估模型,并对该模型进行精度检验。结果表明:平原区域日平均气温的模拟结果决定系数在0.8以上,达到0.001显著性水平,均方根误差在1.8℃左右的小范围内波动;平原区域精度略高,山区精度略低(均方根误差为2.4℃)。利用该模型对2008—2018年黄淮海夏玉米主产区高温热害进行评估,发现2017年和2018年夏玉米受高温热害影响最严重,高温热害区主要分布在河北省东南部、河南省大部以及山东省西部,该结果与实际情况相符。 相似文献