Baryt-Kristalle aus Tarna Mare (Rumänien)

Zusammenfassung Auf der Basis von 32 vermessenen Kristallen wird die Morphologie der Baryte von Tarna Mare (Rumänien) diskutiert. Die Kristalle sind alle nach derb-Achse gestreckt. In der Systematik nachBraun liegt ihr Habitus zwischen Typ III (Erztyp) und Typ IV (Karbonattyp).

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Barite crystals from Tarna Mare (Rumania)

Summary On the basis of 32 measured crystals the morphology of the barite from Tarna Mare (Rumania) is discussed. All the crystals are elongated parallel to theb-axis. In the systematics ofBraun, their habitus is intermediate between type III (ore type) and type IV (carbonate type).

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Quality control and homogeneity of Turkish precipitation data

Outlier trimming and homogeneity checking/correction were performed on the monthly precipitation time series of various lengths from 267 stations in Turkey. Outlier values are usually found during dry summer months, and are concentrated mostly over the southern parts of the country, where the dry period is most pronounced, implying natural extremes rather than wrong measurements. Homogeneity analysis was done using the Standard Normal Homogeneity Test, on an individual monthly basis, which led to many non‐testable series due to lack of reference stations, especially during summer months. Yet, remaining testable months were usually helpful for the assessment of homogenity, revealing a well distributed set of stations that proved to be homogeneous. There were still a number of stations which either could not be tested efficiently, or were classified as inhomogeneous. Lack of metadata is argued to be largely responsible for inefficient homogeneity testing. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

汛期强降水过程与月内低频降水的联系及其可能机制

利用1981 2010年中国753站逐日降水观测资料、NCEP/NCAR第二套逐日再分析资料及实况天气图等,选取长江中下游32次大范围持续性强降水过程,分析了该类强降水过程与月内(10~30天)低频降水的联系,并重点讨论了形成该类强降水过程的可能机制。结果表明:(1)长江中下游夏季降水具有显著的月内低频振荡周期。大范围持续性强降水过程基本位于降水低频振荡的峰值阶段。(2)梅汛期(6 7月)月内低频降水峰值位相前期,西太平洋副热带高压(下称西太副高)西伸北进,高低空急流发展加强。在强降水过程发生期,高中低层配置出现垂直方向上的最佳耦合;而台汛期(89月)低频降水峰值位相前期,西太副高东退南撤,低空急流逐渐南落至长江中下游东南部,与高空急流相配合,为强降水过程的发生提供了有利条件。(3)梅汛期东北亚低频位势高度低值区南下,与中纬太平洋西传的低频波列在长江中下游汇合。同时西太副高发展加强,造成了长江中下游降水峰值位相南高北低的低频位势高度分布,有利于强降水过程的发生;台汛期伴随从热带西太平洋到日本海低频波列的西北向移动,菲律宾东北部的低频气旋及其北侧低频反气旋的降水峰值位相分别移至长江中下游和东北亚地区,导致暖湿、干冷气流在长江流域交汇,进而造成强降水过程。(4)菲律宾以东洋面低频强对流可作为梅汛期和台汛期强降水过程发生的前期热带信号,提前低频降水峰值位相10天左右。     

Origin,organic geochemistry,and estimation of the generation potential of Neogene lacustrine sediments from the Valjevo-Mionica Basin,Serbia

This paper reports an investigation of 60 samples of lacustrine sedimentary rocks of Neogene age lying at depths of 0–400 m in the Valjevo-Mionica Basin, Serbia. The goal of the study was to determine the origin and type of primary organic matter (OM), the degree of thermal alteration, the generation potential of OM from the rocks of this basin, and conditions in the sedimentation environment during the formation of the rocks. The potential of OM of the rocks was estimated on the basis of the thermolysis of a representative sample after its preliminary debituminization.     

Application of an ice-ocean coupled model to Bohai Sea ice simulation

The HAMSOM(Hamburg Shelf Ocean Model),a high-resolution regional ice-ocean coupled model,was applied to investigate the seasonal evolution of Bohai Sea ice for winter 2015/2016.HAM SOM was initialized with monthly climatological temperature and salinity data from WOA13 and driven by hourly meteorological data obtained from the NCEP above the sea surface and tides at the open boundary.The ice model used here is a modified Hibler-type dynamic-thermodynamic sea ice model based upon viscous-plastic rheology.The ice extent,concentration,area,thickness,length of ice season as well as the distance between the top of Liaodong Bay(North China) and the outer ice edge line were simulated and compared with the observed data.Three types of modeling experiments were carried out to investigate the effects of wind,tide,and both wind and tide on Bohai Sea ice.The re sults show that wind,as both a dynamic and a thermodynamic factor,has a significant impact on the ice thickness,ice area,and ice-freezing and ice breakup dates as well as the ice velocity,while tides are a dynamic factor that influences only the ice velocity.During the severe ice period,the wind speed intensity increased by 25%,the average ice thickness thickened by approximately 4.0 cm in Liaodong B ay,approximately 2.1 cm in Bohai B ay and approximately2.5 cm in Laizhou B ay,and the total ice coverage area and total ice actual area increased by about 2×10~4 km~2 and 1.4×10~4 km2,respectively.While the tidal amplitude intensity increased by 25%,the average ice velocity increased by approximately 0.1 m/s.     

Effects of substratum type on fish assemblages in shallow areas of a tropical estuary

While there is already a comprehensive understanding of the effects of environmental variables, such as dissolved oxygen, temperature and salinity, on the structure, biomass and metabolism of aquatic biota in estuarine habitats, the effect of sedimentation, a harmful underlying factor, remains unclear. The aim of this study was to assess the differences in fish assemblages along the freshwater to salt water gradient of a large tropical estuary, and to evaluate the effects on them of habitat disturbance associated with shallow water sedimentation in the intertidal areas. Fish and environmental variables were recorded in the upper, middle and lower salinity zones of the estuary at ebb tide in both the dry and wet seasons. Sediment samples associated with different levels of habitat disturbance were analysed using granulometry, and their organic content and dissolved oxygen levels were quantified. Water temperature, salinity, pH and dissolved oxygen levels were also measured. Habitat disturbance was found to be correlated with the density, biomass and richness of fish assemblages. A total of 77 species were recorded, forming two distinct fish assemblages, with the Eleotridae family dominating in the upper zone, and Gerreidae, Gobiidae and Tetraodontidae the most common in the middle and lower estuary. Changes in the structure of fish assemblages, including reductions in density, biomass and richness, were associated with disturbance to natural features, where muddy sediment was replaced by sandy sediment and the quantity of organic matter fell. Atherinella brasiliensis was the species which showed a preference for the disturbed areas in the middle and lower zones, while Dormitator maculatus showed a preference for them in the upper estuary. They may be taken as indicators of habitat disturbance due to shallow sedimentation.