全文获取类型
收费全文 | 148篇 |
免费 | 1篇 |
专业分类
测绘学 | 3篇 |
大气科学 | 50篇 |
地球物理 | 60篇 |
地质学 | 23篇 |
海洋学 | 4篇 |
天文学 | 4篇 |
综合类 | 1篇 |
自然地理 | 4篇 |
出版年
2019年 | 3篇 |
2018年 | 3篇 |
2017年 | 7篇 |
2016年 | 3篇 |
2015年 | 4篇 |
2014年 | 11篇 |
2013年 | 17篇 |
2012年 | 6篇 |
2011年 | 8篇 |
2010年 | 9篇 |
2009年 | 4篇 |
2008年 | 5篇 |
2007年 | 5篇 |
2006年 | 2篇 |
2005年 | 3篇 |
2004年 | 2篇 |
2003年 | 4篇 |
2002年 | 1篇 |
2001年 | 2篇 |
2000年 | 1篇 |
1999年 | 1篇 |
1998年 | 3篇 |
1997年 | 3篇 |
1996年 | 3篇 |
1995年 | 1篇 |
1994年 | 1篇 |
1993年 | 2篇 |
1991年 | 4篇 |
1990年 | 4篇 |
1989年 | 7篇 |
1988年 | 4篇 |
1987年 | 4篇 |
1986年 | 5篇 |
1985年 | 3篇 |
1983年 | 1篇 |
1982年 | 1篇 |
1981年 | 1篇 |
1980年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有149条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
31.
Maria Czaja Mariola Kądziołka-Gaweł Radosław Lisiecki Sabina Bodył-Gajowska Zbigniew Mazurak 《Physics and Chemistry of Minerals》2014,41(2):115-126
For the first time ever, the luminescence spectra of Cr3+ centers in two chlorite crystals are presented. Chromium ions occupy the strong crystal-field site M4 in the brucite sheet and the intermediate crystal-field site in the inner octahedral sheet for purple and green chlorite, respectively. We discuss the influence of an effective positive charge on the Cr3+ ion and an effective negative charge of ligands on the differences in the values of the Dq and B parameters. It is concluded that the presence of Fe2+ ions and other point defects, as well as concentration quenching, causes the very short luminescence lifetimes of chromium ions. 相似文献
32.
Zbigniew Sorbjan 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》2012,142(1):33-53
We document numerical experiments with a single-column, high-resolution model of the stable boundary layer. The model resolves
the logarithmic layer, and does not require inverting the Monin–Obukhov similarity functions in order to calculate the surface
fluxes. The turbulence closure is based on the K-theory approach, with a new form of stability functions of the Richardson
number, evaluated by using the Surface Heat Budget of the Arctic Ocean (SHEBA) and the Cooperative Atmosphere-Surface Exchange
Study (CASES-99) data. A comparison with two, high-resolution large-eddy simulation models shows very good agreement. The
reported numerical experiments test the effects of shear, surface cooling, the Coriolis parameter, subsidence, and baroclinicity.
The time evolution of the drag coefficient, the heat-transfer coefficient, and the cross-isobar angle is also evaluated. 相似文献
33.
Zbigniew Sorbjan 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》2006,119(1):57-79
Forced convection in a quasi-steady atmospheric boundary layer is investigated based on a large-eddy simulation (LES) model.
The performed simulations show that in the upper portion of the mixed layer the dimensionless (in terms of mixed layer scales)
vertical gradients of temperature, humidity, and wind velocity depend on the dimensionless height z/z
i
and the Reech number Rn. The peak values of variances and covariances at the top of the mixed layer, scaled in terms of the interfacial scales, are
functions of the interfacial Richardson number Ri. As a result expressions for the entrainment rates, in the case when the interfacial layer has a finite depth, and a condition
for the presence of moistening or drying regimes in the mixed layer, are derived. Profiles of dimensionless scalar moments
in the mixed layer are proposed to be expressed in terms of two empirical similarity functions F
m
and F
i
, dependent on dimensionless height z/z
i
, and the interfacial Richardson number Ri. The obtained similarity expressions adequately approximate the LES profiles of
scalar statistics, and properly represent the impact of stability, shear, and entrainment. They are also consistent with the
parameterization proposed for free convection in the first part of this paper. 相似文献
34.
35.
Matthias Jonas Gregg Marland Wilfried Winiwarter Thomas White Zbigniew Nahorski Rostyslav Bun Sten Nilsson 《Climatic change》2010,103(1-2):3-18
The assessment of greenhouse gases emitted to and removed from the atmosphere is high on the international political and scientific agendas. Growing international concern and cooperation regarding the climate change problem have increased the need for policy-oriented solutions to the issue of uncertainty in, and related to, inventories of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The approaches to addressing uncertainty discussed in this Special Issue reflect attempts to improve national inventories, not only for their own sake but also from a wider, systems analytical perspective—a perspective that seeks to strengthen the usefulness of national inventories under a compliance and/or global monitoring and reporting framework. These approaches demonstrate the benefits of including inventory uncertainty in policy analyses. The authors of the contributed papers show that considering uncertainty helps avoid situations that can, for example, create a false sense of certainty or lead to invalid views of subsystems. This may eventually prevent related errors from showing up in analyses. However, considering uncertainty does not come for free. Proper treatment of uncertainty is costly and demanding because it forces us to make the step from “simple to complex” and only then to discuss potential simplifications. Finally, comprehensive treatment of uncertainty does not offer policymakers quick and easy solutions. The authors of the papers in this Special Issue do, however, agree that uncertainty analysis must be a key component of national GHG inventory analysis. Uncertainty analysis helps to provide a greater understanding and better science helps us to reduce and deal with uncertainty. By recognizing the importance of identifying and quantifying uncertainties, great strides can be made in ongoing discussions regarding GHG inventories and accounting for climate change. The 17 papers in this Special Issue deal with many aspects of analyzing and dealing with uncertainty in emissions estimates. 相似文献
36.
Zbigniew W. Kundzewicz 《水文科学杂志》2018,63(8):1118-1132
This is an invited essay by the Dooge Medallist of the 2017 International Hydrological Prize. The paper reflects a broad perspective on hydrology, as a result of the author’s long experience. It is suggested that transgressing the traditional hydrological perspective, by increasing the scale of research, as well as interdisciplinarization have been, and are likely to remain, key drivers of the development of hydrology. Gaps in knowledge and research challenges are reviewed, and the interlinked areas of stationarity, extremes and projections for the future are discussed. Finally, after reviewing the achievements of Jim Dooge, examples of others following in his footsteps are presented. 相似文献
37.
Gradient-based similarity in the atmospheric boundary layer 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Zbigniew Sorbjan 《Acta Geophysica》2008,56(1):220-233
The “flux-based” and “gradient-based” similarity in the stable boundary layer and also in the interfacial part of the convective
boundary layer is discussed. The stable case is examined on the basis of data collected during the CASES-99 experiment. Its
interfacial counterpart is considered in both the quasi-steady (mid-day) and non-steady states, utilizing the results of large-eddy
simulations.
In the stable regime, the “gradient-based” approach is not unique and can be based on various master length scales. Three
local master length scales are considered: the local Monin-Obukhov scale, the buoyancy scale, and the Ellison scale. In the
convective “quasi-steady” (mid-day) case, the “mixed layer” scaling is shown to be valid in the mixed layer and invalid in
the interfacial layer. The temperature variance profile in non-steady conditions can be expressed in terms of the convective
temperature scale in the mixed layer. The analogous prediction for velocity variances is not valid under non-steady conditions. 相似文献
38.
Simulation of extreme precipitation over the Yangtze River Basin using Wakeby distribution 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Based on the daily observational precipitation data at 147 stations in the Yangtze River Basin during 1960–2005 and projected daily data of 79 grid cells from the ECHAM5/ MPI-OM model in the 20th and 21st century, time series of precipitation extremes which contain AM (Annual Maximum) and MI (Munger Index) are constructed. The distribution feature of precipitation extremes is analyzed based on the two index series. Three principal results were obtained, as stated in the sequel. (i) In the past half century, the intensity of extreme heavy precipitation and drought events was higher in the mid-lower Yangtze than in the upper Yangtze reaches. Although the ECHAM5 model still can’t capture the precipitation extremes over the Yangtze River Basin satisfactorily, spatial pattern of the observed and the simulated precipitation extremes are much similar to each other. (ii) For quantifying the characteristics of extremely high and extremely low precipitation over the Yangtze River Basin, four probability distributions are used, namely: General Extreme Value (GEV), General Pareto (GPA), General Logistic (GLO), and Wakeby (WAK). It was found that WAK can adequately describe the probability distribution of precipitation extremes calculated from both observational and projected data. (iii) Return period of precipitation extremes show spatially different changes under three greenhouse gas emission scenarios. The 50-year heavy precipitation and drought events from simulated data during 1951–2000 will become more frequent, with return period below 25 years, for the most mid-lower Yangtze region in 2001–2050. The changing character of return periods of precipitation extremes should be taken into account for the hydrological design and future water resources management. 相似文献
39.
Zbigniew Sorbjan 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》1996,79(1-2):181-189
Two runs of a large-eddy simulation model with Deardorff's and Schumann's subgrid parametrizations have been compared in order to analyze spurious effects at the top of the mixed layer due to a presence of a strong temperature jump. Simulations performed showed that Schumann's subgrid eddy viscosity was sufficient to spreads out sharp ripples which appeared in the numerical solution due to numerical dispersion. Deardorff's subgrid eddy viscosity was found too small near the top of the mixed layer, and as a result truncation dispersion errors caused unphysical solutions in this region. 相似文献
40.
Zbigniew Sorbjan 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》2007,123(1):121-142
Results of large-eddy simulations of shallow, quasi-steady, shear-less convection in the Martian boundary layer are presented
and discussed. In the considered three cases, turbulence is forced by the radiative flux divergence, prescribed as given functions
of height, and the strength of the surface heat flux. It is constrained by the temperature inversion at the boundary-layer
top. The resulting convective boundary layer exhibits horizontal cellular structures. The presence of radiative heating causes
dimensionless statistics of turbulence to depend on the parameter F, defined in terms of the integrated radiative and turbulent heating rates in the boundary layer. 相似文献