The distribution of methane in the Tōkyō-wan

Eleven stations were occupied in the Tokyo-wan during a study on the distribution of methane in this autrophic coastal environment in August of 1993.The principal features of the observed methane included the following 6 points: (1) Excess methane in the surface layer from 1.5 times to greater than 25 times solubility equilibrium with the atmosphere.(2) The methane concentration in the upper water displayed a maximum wne around Station 5 and the second highest in bottom water at Stations 1 and 2,probably because there was the front resulting from the chemical processes.(3) Cotrelations between methane and other parameters exhibited correspondences and the methane distribution being mainly controlled by physical processes.(4) In some'stations,vertical profiles revealed associations between methane and Chl a and the relationships between methane with Chl a or nitrite have shown good linear cortelations.It is postulated that some methane is formed in situ.(5) The calculated flux of methane acrbss the air-sea interface was about 71 μmol/(m²·d).(6) Some methane might be produced along with the organic matter decomposition in bottom water.Others might be due to the methane fluxes into the bottom water from the anoxic sediment inside the bay,which are believed to be the main methane source.     

A finite volume solution of wave forces on submarine pipelines

In this paper, a numerical model is established for simulating the wave forces on a submarine pipeline. A set of two-dimensional Navier–Stokes equations is discretized numerically with a finite volume method in a moving mesh system. After each time step, the mesh is modified according to the changed wave surface boundary. The deffered correction second-order upwind scheme (SUDC) is adopted here to discretize the convective fluxes. The effects of the clearance between the pipeline and the seabed, water depth and wave height on wave forces are studied, respectively. The results by the numerical simulation agree well with the experimental data and theory value.     

第六次南极考察—长城站越冬气象考察报告

本文以中国第六次南极考察队在长城站观测到的气象资料与历史资料对照分析,介绍了长城站的天气特征,如气旋的来源、移动规律,海雾的特点,降水情况,特别是夏季的降水情况。较详细地介绍了1990年长城站的天气状况。 总结了长城站气压、风、气温、云、日照、降水及蒸发等项目的观测工作。对关城站的天气预报工作也作了总结,特别是极地气旋的预报和各天气要素的预报方法。并以1990年1月16日营救遇暴风雪的考察队员预报为实例,介绍了一次成功的预报。     

一种新型简易自动采水浮标系统的研制和试用

本文首先介绍了研制自动采水浮标的目的意义及其结构、工作原理、主要性能，其次通过几次试用条件及结果的讨论，说明这种自动采水浮标结构简单，操作方便，获取的资料可靠，是研究大风浪条件下悬沙运移的一种新型简易的理想仪器，最后根据实用情况提出了改进和完善的方向。     

Wave-Induced Seepage Force Acting on Cylinder Groups

Wave-induced seepage force acting on cylinder groups is studied by using Biot consolidation theory in this paper. Both tandem arrangement and side by side arrangement are considered simultaneously. The variations of the coefficient of grouping effect with the distance between cylinders for different KD are discussed. In order to verify the numerical solution, several sets of experiments are conducted. The agreement between numerical and experimental solutions is satisfactory.     

The distribution of methane in the Tokyo-wan

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海湾区海水中的溶存甲烷 Ⅱ.浓度、海气交换通量

本文基于日本东京湾、伊势湾和浜名湖的调查资料，详细地比较了这3个海湾海水中的溶存甲烷浓度、饱和度。表层海水中，溶存甲烷浓度以供名湖最高，达95nmol／dm3，伊势湾和东京湾相近，分别为41nmol／dm3和37nmol／dm3；其表层测定浓度是其平衡浓度的13～78倍，并分别计算了这3个海湾中甲烷的海气交换通量；用平均值外推法得出全球海洋环境中总的甲烷海气交换通量为6．3Tg／a。     

40年的跨越-中国航天遥感蓬勃发展中的“三大战役”

20世纪70年代末到80年代,中国多家单位大联合、大团结、大协作,开展了腾冲航空遥感试验、天津-渤海湾环境遥感试验和二滩水能开发遥感试验三项遥感科学试验,通过多学科交叉融合,提升了中国对遥感技术应用的认识,培养出一大批遥感科学技术人才和专家,取得了丰硕的科技成果和显著的社会经济效益。这3项试验成功地将遥感综合应用系统性地引入中国,标志着中国多领域遥感应用的起步,被称为中国遥感的"三大战役"。经过40年快速发展、积累酝酿、大胆创新、快速迭代,中国航天遥感应用迈过了几个重要阶段,正向战略性新兴产业方向发展。为顺应科技、经济、社会以及全球化发展战略的需求,中国适时实施了高分辨率对地观测系统重大专项、国家民用空间基础设施中长期发展规划和2030中国综合地球观测系统,进一步推进中国航天遥感应用从追赶国外先进技术到强化自主创新的转变,进入规模化、产业化和商业化发展阶段,可谓之为新"三大战役"。结合中国"一带一路"战略的大背景,通过新三大战役的实施,必将深化"走出去"战略,拓展全球服务能力,提升国际竞争力,向新的历史发展高度迈进。     

500毫巴月平均环流长期预报的十年试验结果

一、引言 月平均环流预报是目前长期预报的重要组成部分。但是长期数值预报目前投入日常业务使用尚有困难,另一方面建立模式也需要丰富的实际经验。因此尝试用统计方法做月平均环流预报也是很有意义的。这不仅可以作为长期天气预报的重要依据,也有利于认识大气环流长期变化的过程与规律,为长期数值预报积累经验。 我们曾在1972年提出一个500毫巴月平均环流形势的统计预报方案。这个方案是先计算纬圈谐波系数,再用平稳随机过程的自回归模式做系数的预报。但是在应用过程     

昆仑山口西8.1级大震前后重力场动态变化

2001年11月14日17时26分,在新疆、青海交界处的昆仑山(36.2°N,90.9°E)发生8.1级地震.震后又相继发生5次5级以上的强烈余震.其主震和余震基本上都在东昆仑断裂带的两侧或断裂带上.这次地震虽然没有人员伤亡的报道,但研究大震前后震中周围地区局部重力场动态变化情况,研究大地震与局部重力场动态变化之间的相关性,对捕捉地震前兆减轻未来地震的灾害,却具有极高的科学研究价值.