Review of Chinese atmospheric science research over the past 70 years: Climate and climate change

Climate and climate change have always been a research focus of atmospheric sciences. This paper summaries research efforts, achievements and international contributions of the Chinese scientific community on climate and climate change over the past 70 years. The review is based on papers published officially in national or international scientific journals,and is organized to cover six aspects:(1) general climate studies;(2) impact of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau;(3) impact of the East Asian monsoon;(4) influences of teleconnection oscillation and westerlies;(5) climate dynamics and development of climate models; and(6) climate change. It is, however, to be noted that the present review can not be considered as an exhaustive one, since there is a huge body of literature in the field.     

利用浅层反射地震资料中的面波与初至波研究剖面浅部结构

利用浅层反射地震数据的面波与初至波信息,采用多道面波分析法(MASW)得到浅部横波速度结构,再利用初至波走时层析成像得到纵波速度结构,进而得到纵横波速度比与泊松比数据。结合反射波叠加剖面与跨断层钻孔联合剖面对浅部地层进行综合解释,在一定程度上弥补了浅部反射资料的缺失,对确定浅部断层的位置及性质起到非常重要的作用。     

Evaluation of Typhoon Waves Simulated by Wave Watch-Ⅲ Model in Shallow Waters Around Zhoushan Islands

In this study, we simulated typhoon waves in the shallow waters around the Zhoushan Islands using the WaveWatch-Ⅲ(WW3) model version 5.16, the latest version released by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Specifically, we used in-situ measurements to evaluate the performance of seven packages of input/dissipation source terms in the WW3 model. We forced the WW3 model by wind fields derived from a combination of the parametric Holland model and high-resolution European Center for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts(ECMWF) wind data in a 0.125? grid, herein called H-E winds. We trained the H-E winds by fitting a shape parameter B to buoy-measured observations, which resulted in a smallest root mean square error(RMSE) of 3 m s^-1 for B, when treated as a constant 0.4. Then, we applied the seven input/dissipation terms of WW3, labelled ST1, ST2, ST2+STAB2, ST3, ST3+STAB3, ST4, and ST6, to simulate the significant wave height(SWH) up to 5 m during typhoons Fungwong and Chan-hom around the Zhoushan Islands. We then compared the SWHs of the simulated waves with those measured by the in-situ buoys. The results indicate that the simulation using ST2 performs best with an RMSE of 0.79 m for typhoon Fung-wong and an RMSE of 1.12 m for typhoon Chan-hom. Interestingly, we found the simulated SWH results to be relatively higher than those of the observations in the area between Hangzhou Bay and the Zhoushan Islands. This behavior is worthy of further investigation in the future.     

致密储层源储结构对储层含油性的控制作用——以鄂尔多斯盆地合水地区长6～长8段为例

鄂尔多斯盆地长6～长8段致密油是中国典型的致密油分布区。源储紧密接触是致密油的典型特征与成藏条件。致密油层非均质性强,石油运移多以垂向短距离为主。已有研究表明,储层非均质性是影响鄂尔多斯盆地合水地区剩余油分布的重要因素,但是目前对合水地区储层含油性影响因素的研究很少。通过分析合水地区长6～长8段源储结构及其与含油性的关系,研究其对储层含油性的控制作用。结果表明:合水地区长6～长8段源储结构复杂,长7段为源储一体型岩性组合,可细分为源夹储型、源储互层型与储夹源型3种类型,长6与长8段为研究区主要储层,与烃源岩形成邻源型岩性组合,细分为源储接触型、源储过渡型与源储间隔型3种类型;长7段源夹储型岩性组合的含油性最好,长6与长8段源储接触型岩性组合的含油性最好,最有利于致密油聚集;长6～长8段形成干酪根网络→孔隙+微裂缝型、干酪根网络+构造裂缝→孔隙+微裂缝型两种石油运移通道组合,为致密油充注提供有利的通道网络。     

硼吸附材料研究进展

硼化物因具有质轻、阻燃、耐热、高硬、耐磨等优良性能而应用广泛,目前国内硼资源开发力度不足导致硼进口量高达70%。随国内盐湖与海水资源开发产业兴起,利用提硼彻底、工艺简洁、材料可循环利用的吸附法从水溶液中分离提取硼资源成为研究热点。综述了国内外多种无机硼吸附材料、有机硼吸附材料、有机-无机杂化硼吸附材料的研究现状,重点对比了有机硼吸附材料中的螯合树脂型和螯合膜型材料,并对硼吸附材料的发展趋势进行了展望,为盐湖卤水提硼及海水淡化提硼产业技术开发中硼吸附材料的选择提供参考。     

中国旅游业发展对区域经济效率的影响——基于中国283个地级市的实证证据

基于2002—2016年中国283个地级市的面板数据集,利用DEA模型测度各地级市的综合效率、纯技术效率和规模效率。在此基础上,建立空间计量模型,分析旅游业发展对经济综合效率的影响。结果表明：① 中国城市经济综合效率整体水平在研究期内呈现出先升后降的变化趋势,投入产出效率水平较低,仅少数城市实现效率最优。东部和中部地区的综合效率水平相当,西部偏低,不具备明显的梯度特征。② 旅游收入每提高1%,城市综合效率正向变动0.064%,其对城市综合效率的作用强度显著高于人力资本水平、二产产值比重、第二第三产业从业人员数以及政府财政支出占比。③ 旅游业对中国三大区域城市整体综合效率的提高存在区域差异,西部地区的旅游收入水平对经济综合效率的作用强度高于东部和中部地区。     

斜轴式太赫兹天线的卡焦近场全息测量研究

天线反射面的面形精度直接影响天线效率, 是望远镜的关键指标之一. 近场射电全息具有测量精度高, 便捷高效的优点, 是毫米波和亚毫米波射电望远镜面形检测最为常用的方法之一, 卡焦近场全息可以完整测量望远镜光路中整体的面形误差. 斜轴式机架结构能够更好地适应太赫兹望远镜在极端台址环境下的整体保温和热控需求, 但斜轴天线特殊的转动特性会在近场全息测量过程中引入额外的系统误差. 针对斜轴式天线的卡焦近场全息测量, 分析了数据处理中需要额外考虑的参考路接收机位置和副面衍射的影响, 并在1.2m口径斜轴式太赫兹天线上开展了测量实验. 实验结果表明, 卡焦近场全息测量的重复测量精度优于2.0μm RMS (Root Mean Square), 面形误差分布与摄影测量所得结果一致, 验证了误差分析与修正的正确性.     

InSAR技术在高速公路灾害辅助识别中的应用

为尽可能早地发现并排查出高速公路灾害的隐患点,本文以昆磨高速公路的昆明至玉溪路段为例,首先基于PS-InSAR技术,利用45景Sentinel-1影像获得了研究区域2018-2019年的沉降速率图。然后对沉降严重区域进行横纵断面分析,识别出昆磨高速公路沿线的隐患路段。最后对这些路段的进一步监测提出建议。研究表明,昆磨高速公路沿线总体呈现出较为平缓的沉降趋势,但存在着3个严重沉降区。分别是谢井村和朱井村路段、昆磨高速公路与东绕城高速公路交界处路段,以及昆磨高速公路与晋新公路交界处路段。因此证明了PS-InSAR技术能有效排查高速公路沿线的灾害隐患。     

大别造山带南部浅变质岩的锆石U-Pb年龄

在大别造山带南部,出露与超高压榴辉岩伴生,仅经过绿片岩相变质作用的浅变质岩。浅变质岩的锆石U- Pb 年龄表明,其原岩形成时代为晋宁早期(1100 ±140 Ma) ,与扬子地块南缘的一些岩浆岩的年龄相似。浅变质岩不一致线下交点年龄及超高压地块区域片麻岩的锆石测定结果表明,它们均受到加里东期构造热事件的影响,印支期超高压变质作用仅使浅变质岩的Rb- Sr 体系重置而没有影响到其U- Pb 体系。     

基于理论的气旋条件下双极化C波段合成孔径雷达波参数检测

Theoretical-based ocean wave retrieval algorithms are applied by inverting a synthetic aperture radar(SAR)intensity spectrum into a wave spectrum, that has been developed based on a SAR wave mapping mechanism. In our previous studies, it was shown that the wave retrieval algorithm, named the parameterized first-guess spectrum method(PFSM), works for C-band and X-band SAR at low to moderate sea states. In this work, we investigate the performance of the PFSM algorithm when it is applied for dual-polarization c-band sentinel-1(S-1) SAR acquired in extra wide-swath(EW) and interferometric wide-swath(IW) mode under cyclonic conditions.Strong winds are retrieved from six vertical-horizontal(VH) polarization S-1 SAR images using the c-band crosspolarization coupled-parameters ocean(C-3 PO) model and then wave parameters are obtained from the image at the vertical-vertical(VV) polarization channel. significant wave height(SWH) and mean wave period(MWP) are compared with simulations from the WAVEWATCH-III(WW3) model. The validation shows a 0.69 m root mean square error(RMSE) of SWH with a –0.01 m bias and a 0.62 s RMSE of MWP with a –0.17 s bias. Although the PFSM algorithm relies on a good quality SAR spectrum, this study confirms the applicability for wave retrieval from an S-1 SAR image. Moreover, it is found that the retrieved results have less accuracy on the right sector of cyclone eyes where swell directly affects strong wind-sea, while the PFSM algorithm works well on the left and rear sectors of cyclone eyes where the interaction of wind-sea and swell is relatively poor.