中国旅游业发展对区域经济效率的影响——基于中国283个地级市的实证证据

基于2002—2016年中国283个地级市的面板数据集,利用DEA模型测度各地级市的综合效率、纯技术效率和规模效率。在此基础上,建立空间计量模型,分析旅游业发展对经济综合效率的影响。结果表明：① 中国城市经济综合效率整体水平在研究期内呈现出先升后降的变化趋势,投入产出效率水平较低,仅少数城市实现效率最优。东部和中部地区的综合效率水平相当,西部偏低,不具备明显的梯度特征。② 旅游收入每提高1%,城市综合效率正向变动0.064%,其对城市综合效率的作用强度显著高于人力资本水平、二产产值比重、第二第三产业从业人员数以及政府财政支出占比。③ 旅游业对中国三大区域城市整体综合效率的提高存在区域差异,西部地区的旅游收入水平对经济综合效率的作用强度高于东部和中部地区。     

斜轴式太赫兹天线的卡焦近场全息测量研究

天线反射面的面形精度直接影响天线效率, 是望远镜的关键指标之一. 近场射电全息具有测量精度高, 便捷高效的优点, 是毫米波和亚毫米波射电望远镜面形检测最为常用的方法之一, 卡焦近场全息可以完整测量望远镜光路中整体的面形误差. 斜轴式机架结构能够更好地适应太赫兹望远镜在极端台址环境下的整体保温和热控需求, 但斜轴天线特殊的转动特性会在近场全息测量过程中引入额外的系统误差. 针对斜轴式天线的卡焦近场全息测量, 分析了数据处理中需要额外考虑的参考路接收机位置和副面衍射的影响, 并在1.2m口径斜轴式太赫兹天线上开展了测量实验. 实验结果表明, 卡焦近场全息测量的重复测量精度优于2.0μm RMS (Root Mean Square), 面形误差分布与摄影测量所得结果一致, 验证了误差分析与修正的正确性.     

InSAR技术在高速公路灾害辅助识别中的应用

为尽可能早地发现并排查出高速公路灾害的隐患点,本文以昆磨高速公路的昆明至玉溪路段为例,首先基于PS-InSAR技术,利用45景Sentinel-1影像获得了研究区域2018-2019年的沉降速率图。然后对沉降严重区域进行横纵断面分析,识别出昆磨高速公路沿线的隐患路段。最后对这些路段的进一步监测提出建议。研究表明,昆磨高速公路沿线总体呈现出较为平缓的沉降趋势,但存在着3个严重沉降区。分别是谢井村和朱井村路段、昆磨高速公路与东绕城高速公路交界处路段,以及昆磨高速公路与晋新公路交界处路段。因此证明了PS-InSAR技术能有效排查高速公路沿线的灾害隐患。     

大别造山带南部浅变质岩的锆石U-Pb年龄

在大别造山带南部,出露与超高压榴辉岩伴生,仅经过绿片岩相变质作用的浅变质岩。浅变质岩的锆石U- Pb 年龄表明,其原岩形成时代为晋宁早期(1100 ±140 Ma) ,与扬子地块南缘的一些岩浆岩的年龄相似。浅变质岩不一致线下交点年龄及超高压地块区域片麻岩的锆石测定结果表明,它们均受到加里东期构造热事件的影响,印支期超高压变质作用仅使浅变质岩的Rb- Sr 体系重置而没有影响到其U- Pb 体系。     

基于理论的气旋条件下双极化C波段合成孔径雷达波参数检测

Theoretical-based ocean wave retrieval algorithms are applied by inverting a synthetic aperture radar(SAR)intensity spectrum into a wave spectrum, that has been developed based on a SAR wave mapping mechanism. In our previous studies, it was shown that the wave retrieval algorithm, named the parameterized first-guess spectrum method(PFSM), works for C-band and X-band SAR at low to moderate sea states. In this work, we investigate the performance of the PFSM algorithm when it is applied for dual-polarization c-band sentinel-1(S-1) SAR acquired in extra wide-swath(EW) and interferometric wide-swath(IW) mode under cyclonic conditions.Strong winds are retrieved from six vertical-horizontal(VH) polarization S-1 SAR images using the c-band crosspolarization coupled-parameters ocean(C-3 PO) model and then wave parameters are obtained from the image at the vertical-vertical(VV) polarization channel. significant wave height(SWH) and mean wave period(MWP) are compared with simulations from the WAVEWATCH-III(WW3) model. The validation shows a 0.69 m root mean square error(RMSE) of SWH with a –0.01 m bias and a 0.62 s RMSE of MWP with a –0.17 s bias. Although the PFSM algorithm relies on a good quality SAR spectrum, this study confirms the applicability for wave retrieval from an S-1 SAR image. Moreover, it is found that the retrieved results have less accuracy on the right sector of cyclone eyes where swell directly affects strong wind-sea, while the PFSM algorithm works well on the left and rear sectors of cyclone eyes where the interaction of wind-sea and swell is relatively poor.     

决口海堤洪水波传播模拟和分析研究I:方法和验证

选用水槽和港池物理模型方法以及已有的一些物理模型试验成果,结合SWASH模型,对孤立波在海堤斜坡上的爬高和越浪进行验证,确定合适的计算参数;计算和分析几种不同内坡形式的海堤堤顶决口,确定合适的海堤内坡边界条件。研究分析表明,验证后的SWASH模型可以用来进行海侧来波和陆域越堤波浪的联合计算,为决口海堤洪水波传播模拟和分析奠定了基础。     

应用升降轨SBAS-InSAR技术监测昆明市地面沉降

将SBAS-InSAR技术应用于昆明主城区地面沉降监测,单独处理同一地区2014~2017年的29景升轨和32景降轨Sentinel-1A、1B数据。在升降轨模式下进行数据处理与精度验证,结果表明两种模式下所得到研究区域的平均沉降速率和时序分析基本保持一致。研究发现昆明市沉降漏斗主要位于居民区、地铁、道路、高速公路、以及滇池区域,最大年均沉降速率可达-38.975 mm/a,累积沉降量达到89 mm。研究表明,昆明市地面沉降主要由于近几年城市化建设和轨道交通建设的飞跃发展,导致居民区和交通网络密集,地面载荷增加,地下隧道开挖与地下水开采等问题引起地面软土地层下沉而产生明显的沉降现象。     

Higher Dietary Arachidonic Acid Levels Improved the Growth Performance,Gonad Development,Nutritional Value,and Antioxidant Enzyme Activities of Adult Sea Urchin(Strongylocentrotus intermedius)

The gonads of sea urchins(Strongylocentrotus intermedius) are characterized by high levels of arachidonic acid(ARA, 20:4 n-6) and eicosapentaenoic acid(EPA, 20:5 n-3). However, to our knowledge, little information is available regarding the physiological response of adult sea urchins to dietary ARA. In the present study, four dietary feeds were formulated with graded ARA(0, 0.5%, 1%, and 2% dry diet). Each diet was randomly allocated to three cages during a 56-day feeding experiment. The results showed that the sea urchin weight gain rate(WGR) and the gonadosomatic index(GI) significantly increased as ARA was equal to or above 1.0% of dry diet(P 0.05). The activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD), catalase(CAT), and total anti-oxidative capacity(T-AOC) were the highest in the coelomic fluid of sea urchins that were fed diets with 1% ARA. The total essential amino acid(TEAA) and its ratio to total non-essential amino acid(TNEAA) showed a similar tendency to WGR and GI as dietary ARA increased, and the highest TEAA and TEAA/TNEAA were observed in the gonads of sea urchins that were fed diets with 1% ARA. Levels of ARA and ARA/EPA of the gonads increased while n-3/n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid(PUFA) decreased with the increase of dietary ARA(P 0.05). EPA in the gonads of experimental animals fed with formulated feeds showed no significant differences(P 0.05), but was significantly lower than those fed with kelp(P 0.05). These results suggested that relatively higher levels of ARA(1% dry diet) significantly promoted growth, gonad development, activities of antioxidant enzymes, as well as nutritional values(TEAA, TEAA/TNEAA, and PUFA) of adult S. intermedius.     

塔里木河三源流汇流计算模型

针对干旱区河流汇流计算的特点,选用了3种计算模型,即多元线性回归模型、系统模型、人工神经网络模型,并以塔里木河三源流汇流计算为例,建立了多源流汇流计算的三种模型,模拟了实测旬径流过程。通过实例分析,说明本文建立的三种计算模型模拟精度高,且适用性强,可以作为塔里木河汇流计算的预测模型。为塔里木河上游源流来水预测提供基础模型,为流域水资源分配和调度奠定基础。     

太湖地区工业绿色化进程研究——以无锡市为例

太湖区域工业化进程的加速,对区域生态环境造成了极大的干扰,积极推进工业绿色化,对保护太湖,推进区域可持续发展具有重要意义．本文以濒临太湖的无锡市为例,通过企业环境统计和问卷调查资料分析,考察该市工业绿色化进程及其与环境压力、企业性质的相关作用,得出以下结论:①无锡市工业绿色化不断发展,工业结构中高污染行业逐步缩减,企业的环境意识不断增强,企业的环境行为有明显改善的趋势;②无锡市目前企业实施绿色化的生产行为主要压力来自政府管制,只有少部分面向国际市场的企业具有较强的市场压力意识;③企业的环境行为与企业的规模、所有制、区位等密切相关,规模大的企业环境行为较好,国有企业和集体企业的环境行为优于外商投资企业和私营企业;④无锡工业绿色化的水平还处于初级阶段．发达地区要推进工业绿色化的进程,仍然要强化政府管制能力,并引导市场和公众发挥更多的作用．