再论鄂尔多斯盆地延长组长73砂层组与烃源岩相关的高伽马砂岩

针对自然伽马等常规测井系列长期仅能将鄂尔多斯盆地延长组长7₃砂层组大规模发育的与烃源岩相关的高伽马砂岩解释为“油页岩等优质烃源岩”的问题,根据岩心观察及测录井资料、电子探针薄片和大量页岩油实际生产资料的分析,对长7₃砂层组内与烃源岩相关的高伽马砂岩的定义、成因以及其发育特征与长7油层组页岩油试油效果的关系进行了探索性的研究。研究表明,鄂尔多斯盆地长7₃砂层组内与烃源岩相关的高伽马砂岩可划分为狭义和广义两种类型,高放射性的成因可能与深部热水作用有关,首次发现其发育特征与长7油层组页岩油试油效果关系密切。该项研究对鄂尔多斯盆地延长组长7油层组页岩油的大规模高效勘探与开发具有重要的理论和现实意义。     

内蒙古双尖子山银多金属矿床大规模铜矿化的发现及意义

巴林左旗双尖子山超大型银多金属矿床位于大兴安岭成矿带南段, 是亚洲最大银矿。早期研究认为双尖子山矿床主要为中低温热液成矿, 主要经济金属是银铅锌; 随着研究的深入, 发现了少量中高温铜锡矿化。2021年新施工钻孔首次揭露了大规模铜矿化。矿石主要为块状、角砾状、细脉状及稠密浸染状; 矿物组合主要是黄铜矿、黄铁矿、方铅矿、闪锌矿、毒砂和含银矿物。双尖子山矿床大规模铜矿化的发现, 证实了双尖子山矿床是一个从中高温到低温的完整演化序列的大规模岩浆热液型多金属矿床, 铜也可能成为该矿的新增工业矿种。成矿特征和矿体分布规律显示, 该矿区铜矿体尚未完全探明, 深部存在较大铜找矿潜力。     

川北旺苍苍王峡龙潭子河壶穴形态及成因初探

河成壶穴是山区河床基岩上常见的微地貌类型,记录了区域地貌演化过程、水流与河床边界相互作用的关键信息。基于此,笔者等以川北旺苍苍王峡龙潭子河110处河成壶穴为研究对象,详细测量其形态特征并进行统计分析。结果表明：非串珠状壶穴大小、深度及形态在河床纵剖面上的分布没有明显的规律性,而串珠状壶穴具有一定的规律性;壶穴集中分布在下寒武统阎王碥组硅质砾岩中,其中发育的石英砂岩夹层对壶穴的形成和演化起到了关键性作用,双层天生桥壶穴则是典型的代表;区内发育NE、E—W向平面共轭X型构造节理和S—N向构造节理,三角形、菱形、不规则形壶穴多受两组或3组节理控制,其中S—N向构造节理还控制了壶穴的长轴走向和河谷走向;构造节理对壶穴口形态的演化影响显著,而对壶穴垂直剖面形态的影响不显著。本研究将丰富和完善河成壶穴地貌的数据资料,为米仓山地区河流地貌和构造演化提供科学依据。     

川东地区大地热流及其对地热资源评价的启示

大地热流是揭示一个地区的温度空间展布、地热资源形成和赋存条件的综合性评价指标。川东地区大地热流的研究十分薄弱, 制约着对该地区地热资源潜力及展布的认识。本文首先利用4口钻井178个系统稳态测温数据和25口钻井76个试油温度数据, 计算得到了川东地区的地温梯度和大地热流, 再利用一维稳态热传导方程计算得到川东地区下二叠统栖霞—茅口组热储的地温, 最后明确栖霞—茅口组发育的地热资源类型及潜力。结果表明: 川东地区地温梯度在16.0~21.3 °C/km之间, 平均为(18.3±1.59) °C/km; 大地热流值在44.3~67.7 mW/m2之间, 平均为(55.5±6.0) mW/m2, 具有构造稳定区的低温型地温场特征。栖霞—茅口组是川东地区最重要的热储, 主要发育中-低温型地热资源, 其中, 低温型地热资源主要发育在西南构造分区; 中温型地热资源主要发育在东南构造分区、东北构造分区及西北构造分区。结合热储特征, 可以得出川东地区栖霞—茅口组具有形成丰富地热资源的热储和地温条件。该成果可为川东地区的地热资源勘探评价提供重要的地热信息。     

IBIS-L系统与TM30全站仪在边坡变形监测中的对比分析

使用IBIS-L系统对大型水电站边坡长时间的监测数据进行分析和处理,并与TM30全站仪进行变形监测精度对比。试验表明,IBIS系统可得到在雷达视线方向优于mm级精度的形变结果,优于TM30全站仪,可以实现高分辨率、高精度、实时的大型水电站边坡长时间变形监测。     

Characteristics and distribution patterns of reef complexes on the carbonate platform margin in deep water areas: the western South China Sea

As a potential oil and gas reservoir, reef complexes have been a research focus from petroleum geologists for a long time. There are favorable conditions for the development of reef complexes in the South China Sea; however, their internal structures, evolution and distribution are still poorly understood. Based on 2D and 3D seismic data, the internal structures and evolution patterns of the reef complexes on the carbonate platform margin in the deep water areas over the western South China Sea were studied in detail. The result shows that two types of reef complexes, i.e., fault controlling platform margin reef complexes and ramp reef complexes have been developed in the study area. The reef complexes have independent or continuous mound or lenticular seismic reflections, with three internal structures (i.e., aggrading, prograding and retrograding structures). There are different growth rates during the evolution of the reef complexes, resulting in the formation of catch-up reefs, keep-up reefs and quick step reefs. The study also reveals that different platform margin reef complexes have different internal structures and distributions, because of the different platform types. These results may be applied to the exploration and prediction of carbonate platform margin reef complexes in other areas that are similar to the study area.     

Spatial and Temporal Variability of Thermal Stress to China’s Coral Reefs in South China Sea

Coral bleaching, caused by elevated sea surface temperature(SST), is occurring more frequently and seriously worldwide. Due to the lack of field observations, we understand little about the large-scale variability of thermal stress in the South China Sea(SCS) and its effect on China’s coral reefs. This paper used 4-km high resolution gap-filled SST(Filled SST) data and thermal stress data related to coral bleaching derived from Coral Reef Temperature Anomaly Database(Co RTAD) to quantify the spatial and temporal characteristics of chronic thermal stress and acute thermal stress to China’s coral reefs in SCS from 1982 to 2009. We analyzed the trend of SST in summer and the thermal stress frequency, intensity and duration during this period. The results indicate that, as a chronic thermal stress, summer mean SST in SCS shows an average upward trend of 0.2℃/decade and the spatial pattern is heterogeneous. Waters of Xisha Islands and Dongsha Islands of the northern SCS are warming faster through time compared to Zhongsha Islands and Nansha Islands sea areas of the southern SCS. High frequency bleaching related thermal stress events for these reefs are seen in the area to the northwest of Luzon Island. Severe anomaly thermal stress events are more likely to occur during the subsequent year of the El Nino year for these coral reefs. Besides, the duration of thermal stress varies considerably by anomaly year and by region.     

结合LOG算子和大津法的遥感影像边缘检测方法

针对遥感影像具有丰富的细节和混合噪声,采用传统高斯拉普拉斯(LOG)算子难以有效地提取遥感影像地物边缘信息,文章提出一种结合LOG算子和大津法(Otsu法)的遥感影像地物边缘信息提取算法。此算法采用中值滤波对原始影像进行消噪,利用Otsu算法对滤波后影像进行自适应阈值分割得到目标影像,采用LOG算子对目标影像进行边缘信息提取。以安宁某区域的遥感影像为例,实验结果表明,提出的算法与传统LOG算子相比,具有更高的提取精度,能有效地提取出遥感影像的真实边缘、减少伪边缘。     

大型拼接镜面望远镜子镜装卸装置的研究

自从400 yr前伽利略第1次使用望远镜观测天空以来,人类为了探索更深的宇宙,望远镜的口径越做越大,拼接镜面望远镜成为趋势.本世纪初一批大口径拼接望远镜先后被研制出来,这其中包括我国的大天区面积多目标光纤光谱天文望远镜LAMOST.随着望远镜口径增大,子镜单元增多,子镜单元的装卸问题日益突出.本文试图对这一问题进行探讨,设计了一套用于LAMOST球面主镜的子镜单元装卸装置,希望为大口径望远镜的子镜装卸提供一些思路和借鉴.     

多因素灰色G(1,N)模型及其在基坑位移预测中的应用

G(1,1)模型只利用单点已测数据预测该点的位移,而不管别的因素影响。而事实上该点位移和围护桩上其他点的位移及锚索拉力是耦合的。针对传统的单因素灰色模型在基坑预测中的不足之处,本文提出采用多因素的G(1,N)灰色模型对基坑位移进行预测研究。计算实例表明,该模型预测精度高,所需数据少,简单实用,值得在基坑预测中推广。