2D NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF FLOOD AND FLUVIAL PROCESS IN THE MEANDERING AND ISLAND-BRAIDED MIDDLE YANGTZE RIVER

The characteristics of water flow and sediment transport in a typical meandering and island-braided reach of the middle Yangtze River is investigated using a two-dimensional （2D） mathematical model. The major problems studied in the paper include the carrying capacity for suspended load, the incipient velocity and transport formula of non-uniform sediment, the thickness of the mixed layer on the riverbed, and the partitioning of bed load and suspended load. The model parameters are calibrated using extensive field data. Water surface profiles, distribution of flow velocities, riverbed deformation are verified with site measurements. The model is applied to a meandering and island-braided section of the Wakouzi-Majiazui reach in the middle Yangtze River, which is about 200 km downstream from the Three Gorges Dam, to study the training scheme of the navigation channels. The model predicts the processes of sediment deposition and fiver bed erosion, changes of flow stage and navigation conditions for the first 20 years of impoundment of the Three Gorges Project.     

江苏省沿江基础产业带开发模式与路径

依据国际资本转移特征和沿长江资源开发特征、产业发展基础等,江苏长江沿江地区适合建设国际化基础产业带。文章从经济全球化和国际资本转移的机遇,基础产业通江达海的布局要求,良好的市场空间基础等方面分析了江苏省沿江基础产业带建设的背景和机遇;在借鉴国际大河流域开发经验的基础上,提出了基础产业带开发的基本模式,并针对可能存在问题和风险提出规避路径。     

深圳湾西北部海域表层沉积物的分布特征及输运趋势

在深圳湾西北部海域进行表层沉积物取样,通过粒度分析获取沉积物粒度参数。结果表明,该海域中北部沉积物以粉砂为主,分选较差;局部有较粗的砂、砾沉积物分布,分选性差。地质统计分析结果显示,粒度参数半方差—距离的相关性与沉积物粒度参数的空间分布有关,剔除空间“异常”值后,可在半方差图中获取粒度参数的变程值,并将其作为粒径趋势模型的特征距离。粒径趋势分析表明,海湾西部海域的沉积物向东北净输运,深圳河口海域的沉积物偏西向输运,从而在海湾北部近岸海域形成一个沉积物汇聚中心,这与水动力观测结果基本吻合。此外,210Pb测年结果也表明,这个沉积物汇聚中心的沉积速率也相应较高,显示出较强的淤积趋势。     

西天山达巴特斑岩型铜矿床流体地球化学特征和成矿作用

本文对西天山地区达巴特斑岩铜钼矿床矿石中石英的流体包裹体进行了均一法和冷冻法测温,对相应的石英单矿物进行了氢氧同位素测定,据此判断了成矿流体的来源和成矿物理化学条件。结果表明含铜钼矿石中的流体包裹体主要为气液两相包裹体和含子矿物三相包裹体,不同样品中同类包裹体具有基本一致的均一温度、子矿物溶化温度、冰点、盐度和密度值, 数据显示成矿流体均呈中温低盐度的特点。矿石氢氧同位素组成表明矿床的成矿流体属于岩浆水范畴,而且具有深部来源甚至幔源的可能性。根据矿体主要分布在火山机构南北两侧与地层的接触带及其内发育的断裂构造中这一空间关系,结合流体包裹体测温结果,推测尽管该矿床成矿流体具有深源特征,但成矿作用发生在中浅部环境,成矿与火山机构最晚期的花岗斑岩具有密切的成因关系。     

CP-MS测定饮用水中Fe的方法

通过实验确定了ICP-MS检测饮用水中Fe的质量质量浓度方法。检测方法的检出限(DL)和精密度(RSD)分别达到3.29ng/mL和4.49%(n=12)。     

几种统计预测方法对1998年南京降水的跨季节预测试验及分析

对1998年南京降水分别设计并开展了求和自回归滑动平均（Auto-Regressive Integrated Moving Average,ARIMA）模型预测、经验模态分解（Empirical Mode Decomposition,EMD）预测和基于Hilbert变换（HilbertTransformation,HT）的幅频分离预测等3种跨季节统计预测试验。结果表明：ARIMA模型预测结果存在明显的系统性误差且对夏季的降水突变现象预测困难;EMD分解预测的结果虽在降水演变趋势上有明显提高,但仍未能预测出夏季的强降水突变现象,究其原因可能是对高频分量预测效果不好所致;而基于Hilbert变换的幅频分离预测方法能够对各模态分量的瞬时频率和瞬时振幅实施隔离预测,消除两者的相互影响,显著改善高频模态的预测效果,使得最终预测结果最为理想,不仅具有最高的趋势相关性和最小的偏差,而且还较好地预测出了夏季两次强降水过程。不仅如此,在对2003年的降水预测验证中,基于Hilbert变换的幅频分离预测方法同样具有最好的预测效果,表明该方法预测效果较为稳定,为改进跨季节短期气候统计预测技术提供了一个新思路。     

矿山地震监测技术的进展及最新成果

回顾了矿山地震监测的简史,介绍了近期矿震监测技术改造情况．抚顺小孔径矿山地震台网的监测取得了比较完整的观测资料．矿震定位结果表明了矿震与开采进程的相关性．用岩石断裂力学和损伤理论的研究成果对于两类不同矿震的成因给出了最新解释．观测资料证实了矿震与瓦斯溢出的相关性．这些结果表明．在一定条件下．矿震可能成为瓦斯溢出的预警信号．由此证明,实现矿震与瓦斯浓度的联合监测是重要的,也是可行的．矿山地质灾害的综合地球物理监测对于地震成因的研究具有重要的中尺度实验意义,同时对于煤矿安全生产也将带来重要效益．     

应用三分量浅层地震反射方法探测隐伏活动断裂

多波多分量地震勘探方法在油气田勘探开发中日益受到重视,但在工程和活动断裂探测中过去还没有开展多波多分量地震勘探的先例.本文简要介绍了在北京黄庄—高丽营断裂上开展的三分量浅层地震反射试验数据采集和资料处理方法,以及取得的初步结果.试验结果表明,采用纵波震源或横波震源激发、三分量接收的浅层地震勘探方法,可获得较高信噪比的浅层地震纵波、横波和转换波剖面,特别是水平分量采集的横波和转换波可提供很有意义的地下结构和构造信息.综合利用纵波、横波和转换波剖面特征进行的地质分层和断层解释结果取得了与跨断层的钻孔联合地质剖面结果较好的一致性.     

A study of suspended sediment concentration in Yangshan deep-water port in Shanghai,China

Suspended sediment concentration (SSC) plays an important role in the estuarine environment.Its spatial or temporal variations in coastal zones and estuaries indicate that sediments are suspended,trans...     

Interdecadal variability of the South China Sea monsoon and its relationship with latent heat flux in the Pacific Ocean

We analyzed interdecadal variability of the South China Sea monsoon and its relationship with latent heat flux in the Pacific Ocean, using NCEP wind field and OAFlux heat flux datasets. Results indicate that South China Sea monsoon intensity had an obvious interdecadal variation with a decreasing trend. Variability of the monsoon was significantly correlated with latent heat flux in the Kuroshio area and tropical Pacific Ocean. Variability of latent heat flux in the Kuroshio area had an interdecadal increasing trend, while that in the tropical Pacific Ocean had an interdecadal decreasing trend. Latent heat flux variability in these two sea areas was used to establish a latent heat flux index, which had positive correlation with variability of the South China Sea monsoon. When the latent heat flux was 18 months ahead of the South China Sea monsoon, the correlation coefficient maximized at 0.58 (N=612), with a 99.9% significance level of 0.15. Thus, it is suggested that latent heat flux variability in the two areas contributes greatly to interdecadal variability of the South China Sea monsoon.