川东地区大地热流及其对地热资源评价的启示

大地热流是揭示一个地区的温度空间展布、地热资源形成和赋存条件的综合性评价指标。川东地区大地热流的研究十分薄弱, 制约着对该地区地热资源潜力及展布的认识。本文首先利用4口钻井178个系统稳态测温数据和25口钻井76个试油温度数据, 计算得到了川东地区的地温梯度和大地热流, 再利用一维稳态热传导方程计算得到川东地区下二叠统栖霞—茅口组热储的地温, 最后明确栖霞—茅口组发育的地热资源类型及潜力。结果表明: 川东地区地温梯度在16.0~21.3 °C/km之间, 平均为(18.3±1.59) °C/km; 大地热流值在44.3~67.7 mW/m2之间, 平均为(55.5±6.0) mW/m2, 具有构造稳定区的低温型地温场特征。栖霞—茅口组是川东地区最重要的热储, 主要发育中-低温型地热资源, 其中, 低温型地热资源主要发育在西南构造分区; 中温型地热资源主要发育在东南构造分区、东北构造分区及西北构造分区。结合热储特征, 可以得出川东地区栖霞—茅口组具有形成丰富地热资源的热储和地温条件。该成果可为川东地区的地热资源勘探评价提供重要的地热信息。     

IBIS-L系统与TM30全站仪在边坡变形监测中的对比分析

使用IBIS-L系统对大型水电站边坡长时间的监测数据进行分析和处理,并与TM30全站仪进行变形监测精度对比。试验表明,IBIS系统可得到在雷达视线方向优于mm级精度的形变结果,优于TM30全站仪,可以实现高分辨率、高精度、实时的大型水电站边坡长时间变形监测。     

Characteristics and distribution patterns of reef complexes on the carbonate platform margin in deep water areas: the western South China Sea

As a potential oil and gas reservoir, reef complexes have been a research focus from petroleum geologists for a long time. There are favorable conditions for the development of reef complexes in the South China Sea; however, their internal structures, evolution and distribution are still poorly understood. Based on 2D and 3D seismic data, the internal structures and evolution patterns of the reef complexes on the carbonate platform margin in the deep water areas over the western South China Sea were studied in detail. The result shows that two types of reef complexes, i.e., fault controlling platform margin reef complexes and ramp reef complexes have been developed in the study area. The reef complexes have independent or continuous mound or lenticular seismic reflections, with three internal structures (i.e., aggrading, prograding and retrograding structures). There are different growth rates during the evolution of the reef complexes, resulting in the formation of catch-up reefs, keep-up reefs and quick step reefs. The study also reveals that different platform margin reef complexes have different internal structures and distributions, because of the different platform types. These results may be applied to the exploration and prediction of carbonate platform margin reef complexes in other areas that are similar to the study area.     

Spatial and Temporal Variability of Thermal Stress to China’s Coral Reefs in South China Sea

Coral bleaching, caused by elevated sea surface temperature(SST), is occurring more frequently and seriously worldwide. Due to the lack of field observations, we understand little about the large-scale variability of thermal stress in the South China Sea(SCS) and its effect on China’s coral reefs. This paper used 4-km high resolution gap-filled SST(Filled SST) data and thermal stress data related to coral bleaching derived from Coral Reef Temperature Anomaly Database(Co RTAD) to quantify the spatial and temporal characteristics of chronic thermal stress and acute thermal stress to China’s coral reefs in SCS from 1982 to 2009. We analyzed the trend of SST in summer and the thermal stress frequency, intensity and duration during this period. The results indicate that, as a chronic thermal stress, summer mean SST in SCS shows an average upward trend of 0.2℃/decade and the spatial pattern is heterogeneous. Waters of Xisha Islands and Dongsha Islands of the northern SCS are warming faster through time compared to Zhongsha Islands and Nansha Islands sea areas of the southern SCS. High frequency bleaching related thermal stress events for these reefs are seen in the area to the northwest of Luzon Island. Severe anomaly thermal stress events are more likely to occur during the subsequent year of the El Nino year for these coral reefs. Besides, the duration of thermal stress varies considerably by anomaly year and by region.     

结合LOG算子和大津法的遥感影像边缘检测方法

针对遥感影像具有丰富的细节和混合噪声,采用传统高斯拉普拉斯(LOG)算子难以有效地提取遥感影像地物边缘信息,文章提出一种结合LOG算子和大津法(Otsu法)的遥感影像地物边缘信息提取算法。此算法采用中值滤波对原始影像进行消噪,利用Otsu算法对滤波后影像进行自适应阈值分割得到目标影像,采用LOG算子对目标影像进行边缘信息提取。以安宁某区域的遥感影像为例,实验结果表明,提出的算法与传统LOG算子相比,具有更高的提取精度,能有效地提取出遥感影像的真实边缘、减少伪边缘。     

大型拼接镜面望远镜子镜装卸装置的研究

自从400 yr前伽利略第1次使用望远镜观测天空以来,人类为了探索更深的宇宙,望远镜的口径越做越大,拼接镜面望远镜成为趋势.本世纪初一批大口径拼接望远镜先后被研制出来,这其中包括我国的大天区面积多目标光纤光谱天文望远镜LAMOST.随着望远镜口径增大,子镜单元增多,子镜单元的装卸问题日益突出.本文试图对这一问题进行探讨,设计了一套用于LAMOST球面主镜的子镜单元装卸装置,希望为大口径望远镜的子镜装卸提供一些思路和借鉴.     

多因素灰色G(1,N)模型及其在基坑位移预测中的应用

G(1,1)模型只利用单点已测数据预测该点的位移,而不管别的因素影响。而事实上该点位移和围护桩上其他点的位移及锚索拉力是耦合的。针对传统的单因素灰色模型在基坑预测中的不足之处,本文提出采用多因素的G(1,N)灰色模型对基坑位移进行预测研究。计算实例表明,该模型预测精度高,所需数据少,简单实用,值得在基坑预测中推广。     

陕西省地理国(省)情监测试点中的“陕北―关中―陕南”自然区域划分研究与实现

在自然地理要素基础上对陕西省进行"陕北―关中―陕南"的自然区域划分,是陕西省地理国(省)情监测试点首要解决的问题之一。根据地域分异规律将陕西省划分为3个自然区,详细论述陕西省的自然区域划分以水文地貌关系为依据的可行性,明确划分出"陕北―关中―陕南"的自然区划界限,并从划分结果的区域形状、位置、特征统计参数和区域要素特点等方面,论述区域划分方法和结果的合理性。这不仅对陕西省地理国(省)情具有认识意义,而且是陕西省地理国(省)情监测成果的区划统计支撑,可以作为宏观把握社会、人口、经济等要素区域差异的基础数据,因而也具有重要的现实意义。     

2020年中国沿海海平面变化及影响状况

气候变暖背景下,海平面上升已经成为全球沿海国家普遍面临的重大环境问题之一 [1].全球海平面上升是由气候变暖导致的海水增温膨胀、陆源冰川和极地冰盖融化等因素造成的.1901—2018年,海洋增温膨胀对全球海平面上升的贡献为29％;冰川和冰盖质量损失对全球海平面上升的贡献分别为41％和29％,且近40年来已经增加 [2]...     

当前对流参数化研究存在问题的讨论

基于对流参数化的发展过程,讨论了当前对流参数化方案中存在的问题,着重分析了大尺度水汽辐合型和质量通量型方案的缺陷,同时对东亚季风区和我国的研究现状进行了分析,提出了通用对流参数化方案的设计思想和应该考虑的原则,具有重要的参考借鉴意义。