新疆西天山菁布拉克基性杂岩体闪长岩锆石SHRIMP定年及其地质意义

文章对新疆西天山特克斯县菁布拉克基性杂岩体中辉石闪长岩样品中的锆石进行了SHRIMP U-Pb定年研究,获得了(434.4±6.2)Ma的和谐年龄,该结果表明菁布拉克岩体的侵位时间为早志留世。结合岩石地球化学分析所揭示的形成环境信息和最新的区域地质资料,认为菁布拉克岩体的形成与早志留世到早石炭世发生的南天山洋向北与中天山板块的俯冲作用密切相关,岩浆显现出的岛弧岩浆特点可能是由于洋壳向亏损地幔的俯冲所引起的。     

无磷条件诱导铜绿微囊藻(Microcystis aeruginosa)释放挥发性有机化合物对莱茵衣藻(Chlamydomonas reinhardtii)的影响

为了揭示磷(P)营养缺乏对蓝藻释放挥发性有机化合物(VOCs)的影响及其对其他藻类的化感作用,以形成蓝藻水华的主要种类铜绿微囊藻(Microcystis aeruginosa)为材料,在无P培养条件下对其释放的VOCs进行分析,同时测定VOCs对莱茵衣藻(Chlamydomonas reinhardtii)生长、光合色素含量和光合性能的影响.结果表明,采用无P培养基培养铜绿微囊藻24 h后,其释放的VOCs种类和含量均明显增加,与标准培养基培养相比,VOCs总释放量增加了73.4%,并出现7种新化合物.将铜绿微囊藻释放的VOCs通入莱茵衣藻溶液中,在标准培养基中铜绿微囊藻释放的VOCs对莱茵衣藻生长无显著影响,而无P条件下释放的VOCs则明显抑制莱茵衣藻生长,其响应指数(RI)为-0.25.此外,莱茵衣藻光合色素含量、光系统II(PSII)最大光化学量子产量(Fv/Fm)、有效光化学量子产量[Y(II)]、光化学淬灭系数(q P)和光合电子传递速率(ETR)也明显降低,而非光化学淬灭系数(NPQ)则明显升高,其RI为0.26.由此可见,蓝藻在富营养化水体中大量繁殖以及P自身沉降特性导致的P缺乏会促进蓝藻释放VOCs,同时这些VOCs在保持蓝藻营养竞争优势和水体藻类多样性减少中具有化感抑制作用.     

加权混合估计中权值的确定方法

综合了大地测量中各种异方差多源观测模型和联合平差方法,说明了混合估计方法可以用于测量数据融合,平衡附加信息和样本信息对参数估计的影响。通过求取权值使参数估计的协方差阵的迹最小的方法,给出了一个权的最优选择方法。本文扩展了已有的加权混合估计方法,使得新方法中的权不受验前单位权方差的限制,能有效应用于大地测量数据处理。     

东北地区湿度梯度下的表土植硅体的空间分布规律

植硅体的现代过程研究是恢复古环境的基础,探讨表土植硅体分布及组合特征对环境因子的响应尤为重要。沿中国东北地区年均温为4 ℃等温线采集70块表土样品,研究了单一温度因素控制下表土植硅体的空间分布规律,以期获得不同类型植硅体对降水的响应。研究结果表明：所有表土样品中植硅体丰富且数量较多,主要有棒型、尖型、块状、扇型、扁平状、短鞍型、帽型、哑铃型、齿型、三棱柱型、导管型、硅质突起、硅化气孔、弓型和多面表皮植硅体;且主要以短细胞、棒型、尖型为主,其平均百分含量之和高达80.77%,块状、扁平状、扇型次之,其他类型的植硅体含量较少。方差分析结果表明：棒型、三棱柱型、硅质突起、哑铃型和扁平状在大兴安岭、松嫩平原和长白山之间存在显著性差异,且棒型、三棱柱型、硅质突起的百分含量与年降水量具有极显著的正相关性,哑铃型的百分含量与年降水量具有极显著的负相关性。总之,年均温为4 ℃等温线上70块表土样品中植硅体类型基本相同,但不同类型植硅体的百分含量存在差异,说明本研究区域内表土植硅体组合特征对降水的响应较为敏感。

     

野山河码头隧道爆破设计

分析野三河码头隧道爆破施工要求,通过相应的经验公式计算,确定野山河码头隧道的爆破参数,以保证隧道爆破施工过程中所引起的振动速度不大于邻近建筑物的安全允许振速,并保证开挖过程中的效率。     

Investigating the Changes in Air Pollutant Emissions over the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region in February from 2014 to 2019 through an Inverse Emission Method

In recent years, China has implemented several measures to improve air quality. The Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei(BTH)region is one area that has suffered from the most serious air pollution in China and has undergone huge changes in air quality in the past few years. How to scientifically assess these change processes remain the key issue in further improving the air quality over this region in the future. To evaluate the changes in major air pollutant emissions over this region, this paper employs ens...     

Relationship between surface pollen assemblages and vegetation in Luonan Basin,Eastern Qinling Mountains,Central China

The catchment of South Luohe River in Central China is an important region for investigating modern pollen-environment relationship, because it is located in the transitional zone between south and north China, an environment which is sensitive to climate changes. In this study, 40 surface samples under ten vegetation types were collected to reveal the relationship between pollen assemblages and vegetation. The results show that the surface pollen assemblages reflect the vegetation quite well. In forest topsoils, the average of arboreal pollen content is greater than 40%, and the Selaginella sinensis spore is high. As to sparse forest grassland and shrub community, the average arboreal pollen is 13.2% and 16.6% respectively, and the shrub pollen is relatively higher than that of grassland samples. The grassland and farmland are characterized by low percentage of tree and shrub pollen (<10% and <1%), and high percentage of herbs (>80%). Pinus, Quercus and some other arboreal pollen can indicate the regional vegetation because of their dispersal ability. Quercus pollen is under-representative and so is Pinus. Artemisia pollen is significantly over-represented, has poor correlation with the plant coverage, and may reflect human disturbance. Gramineae can indicate plant quite well, but with low representation. High content of Chenopodiaceae probably suggests human impact. Predominant Selaginella sinensis can be used as an indicator of forest environment. Cluster analysis and principal components analysis of pollen assemblages can distinguish forest and non-forest vegetation well. The former method is better at separating pine and mixed forests, while the latter is more stable and could better differentiate farmland and other non-forest area. The first axis of PCA mainly reflects the humidity.     

A Computational Model for Velocity Separation in Shallow Sea

Based on the hydrodynamical feature and the theoretical velocity profiles of tidal flow and vvind-induced flow in shal-low sea, a computational model is established for the first time, which can separate observed velocity into tidal velocity and wind-induced velocity by use of the least square method. With the model, not only the surface velocities of tidal flow and vvind-induced flow are obtained, but also the bed roughness height is determined and the wind velocity above the wa-ter surface is estimated. For verification of the model, the observed velocity in the Yellow River Estuary and the laborato-ry test is separated, then it is applied to the Yangtze River Estuary. All the results are satisfactory. The research results show that the model is simple in method, feasible in process and reasonable in result. The model is a valid approach to analysis and computation of field dala, and can be applied to separate the observed velocity in shallow sea; at the same time, reasonable boundary conditions of th     

夏季崂山湾浮游动物群落结构及空间分布特征

根据2014年8月浅水Ⅱ型浮游生物网在崂山湾海域调查获取的样品,结合同步环境调查资料,研究了崂山湾浮游动物种类组成、群落结构及空间分布。共鉴定浮游动物40种(类),其中浮游幼虫16类,占种类数的40.0%,桡足类14种,占种类数的35.0%,水螅水母类4种,枝角类、毛颚类各2种,原生动物和被囊类各1种。夜光虫丰度在各站位均很高,去除夜光虫丰度后,浮游动物优势种为小拟哲水蚤、异体住囊虫、强额孔雀水蚤和洪氏纺锤水蚤。根据浮游动物群落结构相似性,利用聚类分析可将19个调查站位的浮游动物群落划分到四个群组中。群组Ⅰ所在站位平均水深最浅,指示种最多,其中夜光虫、半球美螅水母、小拟哲水蚤和背针胸刺水蚤为其特有指示种,短尾类溞状幼虫的平均丰度在该群组最高;群组Ⅳ所在站位平均水深最深,靠近外海,指示种最少,圆唇角水蚤为其指示种,桡足类无节幼虫的平均丰度在该群组最高,群组Ⅳ与群组Ⅰ的浮游动物群落结构差异最大,无共有指示种;群组Ⅱ和群组Ⅲ为过渡群组,其部分指示种与其他群组共享。水深和表层叶绿素a浓度对浮游动物群落的变化具有较大影响。