The geopotential value <Emphasis Type="Italic">W</Emphasis><Subscript>0</Subscript> for specifying the relativistic atomic time scale and a global vertical reference system

The TOPEX/Poseidon (T/P) satellite alti- meter mission marked a new era in determining the geopotential constant W ₀. On the basis of T/P data during 1993–2003 (cycles 11–414), long-term variations in W ₀ have been investigated. The rounded value W ₀ = 62636856.0 ± 0.5) m ² s ⁻² has already been adopted by the International Astronomical Union for the definition of the constant L _G = W ₀/c ² = 6.969290134 × 10⁻¹⁰ (where c is the speed of light), which is required for the realization of the relativistic atomic time scale. The constant L _G , based on the above value of W ₀, is also included in the 2003 International Earth Rotation and Reference Frames Service conventions. It has also been suggested that W ₀ is used to specify a global vertical reference system (GVRS). W ₀ ensures the consistency with the International Terrestrial Reference System, i.e. after adopting W ₀, along with the geocentric gravitational constant (GM), the Earth’s rotational velocity (ω) and the second zonal geopotential coefficient (J ₂) as primary constants (parameters), then the ellipsoidal parameters (a,α) can be computed and adopted as derived parameters. The scale of the International Terrestrial Reference Frame 2000 (ITRF2000) has also been specified with the use of W ₀ to be consistent with the geocentric coordinate time. As an example of using W ₀ for a GVRS realization, the geopotential difference between the adopted W ₀ and the geopotential at the Rimouski tide-gauge point, specifying the North American Vertical Datum 1988 (NAVD88), has been estimated.     

在校学生防震减灾教育的新模式

为探讨新形势下在校学生防震减灾教育的新模式,广东省阳江市开展了防震减灾教育"四个一"进校园活动,介绍了该活动的主要做法和社会效果。     

珠峰绒布河谷大气边界层结构的数值模拟

利用中尺度气象模式RAMS对2006年6月12～16日珠峰绒布河谷地区大气边界层结构进行了模拟,并将模拟的风温时空分布与风廓线仪LAP3000的观测资料进行了对比分析.结果表明,绒布河谷地区的局地环流具有明显的日变化(午后至夜间盛行山风,可持续12h,且风速较大;在山风盛行期间,山风的影响高度可达400～700m左右),其中下垫面不均匀性导致的温度差异是引起局地环流的主要因素;RAMS模式较好地反映了绒布河谷地区局地环流的时空变化特征.     

Core-collapse supernovae and their massive progenitors

In this summary of the 10 November 2006 RAS Specialist Discussion Meeting, organizers Paul Crowther and Steve Smartt consider aspects of massive stellar evolution, their dependence upon stellar winds, progenitor models and explosion mechanisms. In addition, observations of core-collapse supernovae were discussed alongside the question of whether supernovae form significant quantities of dust, of relevance to the detection of dust in star-forming galaxies in the early universe.     

Interactive spatiotemporal modelling of health systems: the SEKS–GUI framework

This paper describes the spatiotemporal epistematics knowledge synthesis and graphical user interface (SEKS–GUI) framework and its application in medical geography problems. Based on sound theoretical reasoning, the interactive software library of SEKS–GUI explores heterogeneous (spatially non-homogeneous and temporally non-stationary) health attribute distributions (disease incidence, mortality, human exposure, epidemic propagation etc.); expresses the health system’s dependence structure using (ordinary and generalized) spatiotemporal covariance models; synthesizes core knowledge bases, empirical evidence and multi-sourced system uncertainty; and generates a meaningful picture of the real-world system using space–time dependent probability functions and associated maps of health attributes. The implementation stages of the SEKS–GUI library are described in considerable detail using appropriate screens. The wide applicability of SEKS–GUI is demonstrated by reviewing a selection of real-world case studies. An erratum to this article can be found at     

基于RS技术的土地覆被变化区位效应分析——以龙口煤矿塌陷区为例

选用1989年、1995年和2004年3期数字遥感影像，运用BP人工神经网络（BPNN）分类器，获取研究区各期土地利用信息； 利用地理学的“区位”理论和分析方法，分析由于地面塌陷导致塌陷区及其附近地区土地利用的时空演变模式，以及塌陷地的变化与区位因素之间的关系。研究结果表明，土地利用类型的演变具有明显的环状结构： 变化速度和幅度中心区明显大于外围区；中心区主要是各种地类向塌陷地的单向转移；中间区主要是园地、耕地、林地、塌陷地和建设用地之间的相互转换； 外围区主要是向建设用地和园地的转换。     

Extremely red galaxy counterparts to 7C radio sources

We present RIJHK imaging of seven radio galaxies from the 7C Redshift Survey (7CRS) which lack strong emission lines and we use these data to investigate their spectral energy distributions (SEDs) with models that constrain their redshifts. Six of these seven galaxies have extremely red colours ( R − K >5.5) and we find that almost all of them lie in the redshift range 1< z <2. We also present near-infrared spectroscopy of these galaxies which demonstrate that their SEDs are not dominated by emission lines, although tentative lines, consistent with H α at z =1.45 and z =1.61, are found in two objects. Although the red colours of the 7CRS galaxies can formally be explained by stellar populations that are either very old or young and heavily reddened, independent evidence favours the former hypothesis. At z ∼1.5 at least 1/4 of powerful radio jets are triggered in massive (> L *) galaxies, which formed the bulk of their stars several Gyr earlier, that is at epochs corresponding to redshifts z ≳5. If a similar fraction of all z ∼1.5 radio galaxies are old, then extrapolation of the radio luminosity function shows that, depending on the radio source lifetimes, between 10 and 100 per cent of the near-IR selected extremely red object (ERO) population undergo a radio outburst at epochs corresponding to 1< z <2. An ERO found serendipitously in the field of one of the 7CRS radio sources appears to be a radio-quiet analogue of the 7CRS EROs with an emission line likely to be [O  ii ] at z =1.20. The implication is that some of the most massive elliptical galaxies formed the bulk of their stars at z ≳5 and these objects probably undergo at least two periods of active galactic nucleus activity: one at high redshift during which the black hole forms and another one at an epoch corresponding to z ∼1.5.     

An Overview of CCD Development at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory

Fully depleted, back-illuminated charge-coupled devices fabricated at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory on high-resistivity silicon are described. Device operation and technology are discussed, as well as the results on telescopes and future plans. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

关于计算空间曲线预应力筋张拉伸长值的探讨

把肇源松花江大桥划分成57个受力段,利用“桥梁博士V2．8”系统进行计算,采用简化法计算了曲线预应力筋张拉伸长值、张拉控制应力和张拉控制力。