斜压罗斯贝变形半径优化的误差相关尺度及其对最优插值效果的改进

利用最优插值方法进行三维温盐场重构时,如何正确估算背景场误差协方差至关重要。针对背景场误差协方差主要取决于误差相关尺度的问题,本文提出了用中国东部海域及其附近海域的最新的高分辨率气候态数据进行斜压罗斯贝变形半径优化其误差相关尺度计算的研究方案和技术途径;对比分析了均一化相关尺度方案和法国ISAS系统尺度方案,讨论了变形半径对最优插值的影响。结果表明:均一化相关尺度方案的均方根误差小于ISAS方案,但温度场过于平滑,难以刻画一些重要的物理现象;相比而言,本文提出的基于变形半径的相关尺度方案在取2倍变形半径时,不仅均方根误差在各水平层较小,且温度场能够更好地刻画四国海盆海域涡旋及黑潮影响的温度场三维结构。由于实际海洋中各层物理过程的尺度存在差异,实际应用时各层的最优尺度设置也应有所不同。     

苏北沿岸流对浒苔暴发及漂移过程的影响

根据2009年5月的温度、盐度和溶解氧观测数据,应用"对应分析法"对水团的分布范围和特性进行了分析,并探讨了苏北沿岸流对浒苔(Enteromorpha prolifera)暴发及漂移过程的影响。结果表明,春季苏北沿岸流向东南流动过程中,可以将海水中悬浮的浒苔繁殖体向南输运至长江冲淡水与苏北沿岸流交汇处,此处的浒苔繁殖体在适宜的条件下生长繁殖。在夏季风的作用下,长江口北部的浒苔与苏北沿岸海域的浒苔,随表层海流向北漂移,在地球偏转力作用下,漂移路径不断向右偏转,并最终在山东半岛南部海域聚集堆积。苏北沿岸流在浒苔暴发初期将繁殖体输送到条件适宜的生长区,并对浒苔向北漂移起到了重要作用。长江冲淡水向北扩展范围的增大对于浒苔的生长和繁殖起到了促进作用。查明浒苔扩散路径及输运机制不仅具有重要环境意义,而且对深入了解沿岸和河口区泥沙及污染物的扩散和输运机制具有指示作用。     

2014年7月大气环流和天气分析

提2014年7月环流特征如下：北半球高纬地区为单一极涡,中高纬地区呈5波型分布,巴尔喀什湖附近低槽和东亚大槽强度均较常年偏强;西北太平洋副热带高压带呈东西带状分布,强度与常年同期相当。7月全国平均降水量115．0 mm,较常年同期（120．6 mm）偏少4．6％;全国平均气温为22．3℃,较常年同期（21．9℃）偏高0．4℃。月内共出现8次强降水过程,多站出现极端日降水量。7月共有5个热带气旋（风力8级以上）在西北太平洋和南海活动,生成个数较常年偏多,并有“威马逊”、“麦德姆”2个热带气旋登陆。华南、江南等地出现持续高温天气,全国87个气象观测站发生极端高温事件,74站发生极端日降水量事件。     

Progress in Studies of the Precipitation Diurnal Variation over Contiguous China

This paper summarizes the recent progress in studies of the diurnal variation of precipitation over con- tiguous China. The main results are as follows. （1） The rainfall diurnal variation over contiguous China presents distinct regional features. In summer, precipitation peaks in the late afternoon over the south- ern inland China and northeastern China, while it peaks around midnight over southwestern China. In the upper and middle reaches of Yangtze River valley, precipitation occurs mostly in the early morning. Summer precipitation over the central eastern China （most regions of the Tibetan Plateau） has two diurnal peaks, i.e., one in the early morning （midnight） and the other in the late afternoon. （2） The rainfall diurnal variation experiences obvious seasonal and sub-seasonal evolutions. In cold seasons, the regional contrast of rainfall diurnal peaks decreases, with an early morning maximum over most of the southern China. Over the central eastern China, diurnal monsoon rainfall shows sub-seasonal variations with the movement of summer monsoon systems. The rainfall peak mainly occurs in the early morning （late afternoon） during the active （break） monsoon period. （3） Cloud properties and occurrence time of rainfall diurnal peaks are different for long- and short-duration rainfall events. Long-duration rainfall events are dominated by strat- iform precipitation, with the maximum surface rain rate and the highest profile occurring in the late night to early morning, while short-duration rainfall events are more related to convective precipitation, with the maximum surface rain rate and the highest profile occurring between the late afternoon and early night. （4） The rainfall diurnal variation is influenced by multi-scale mountain-valley and land-sea breezes as well as large-scale atmospheric circulation, and involves complicated formation and evolution of cloud and rainfall systems. The diurnal cycle of winds in the lower troposphere also contributes to the regional differences     

北部湾经济区陆海统一似大地水准面精化关键技术研究北大核心CSCD

针对北部湾经济区生态文明建设、海洋资源利用和海洋应急救援事件处置等缺乏统一的陆海高程基准等难题,本文首先利用广西北部湾经济区2764项重力数据和8项GNSS水准数据,应用第二类Helmert凝聚法,反演得到广西北部湾海域及沿大陆海岸线向内陆延伸约15 000 km^(2)区域内置信度较高的重力似大地水准面;然后参考重力场选取EIGEN6C4模型,重力似大地水准面对比8项GNSS水准资料,其精度达2.2 cm;最后采用球冠调和分析方法,将2′×2′格网似大地水准面精度提高至1.6 cm,并将陆地高程基准传递到广西北部湾海域及其海岛上,实现该区域陆海高程基准的统一。