中国新疆温泉、哈萨克斯坦地下流体观测资料前兆异常对比与分析

系统清理分析了中国新疆温泉台、哈萨克斯坦20多年地下流体观测资料.统计结果显示,中国新疆温泉台30井（泉）的氡、流量、水温,哈萨克斯坦卡帕尔井的氦气、扎尔甘特井的流量、博古特井水位、下卡姆井的氦气、萨雷扎斯井水位,映震率较高,在震前都有一定的震兆异常显示,而且前兆异常特征以高值异常为主,异常时间分布特征显示为短期异常.     

金星地质特征及主要科学问题

金星是离地球最近的行星,许多特征与地球类似,但在地质特征方面与地球差异较大.本文简单回顾金星探测的主要科学成果,重点综述金星地质研究的主要进展,包括:金星表面的地形构造、重力场分布、内部结构等特征.在此基础上,归纳提出了金星地质认识中存在的重点问题,主要有金星表面地形的成因问题、表面年龄及表面更新问题、内部结构模型及内部散热等问题,认为这些都是未来金星探测需要考虑解决的科学问题.     

A method to estimate concentrations of surface-level particulate matter using satellite-based aerosol optical thickness

We propose a new method to estimate surface-level particulate matter(PM)concentrations by using satellite-retrieved Aerosol Optical Thickness(AOT).This method considers the distribution and variation of Planetary Boundary Layer(PBL)height and relative humidity(RH)at the regional scale.The method estimates surface-level particulate matter concentrations using the data simulated by an atmospheric boundary layer model RAMS and satellite-retrieved AOT.By incorporation MODIS AOT,PBL height and RH simulated by RAMS,this method is applied to estimate the surface-level PM 2.5 concentrations in North China region.The result is evaluated by using 16 ground-based observations deployed in the research region,and the result shows a good agreement between estimated PM 2.5 concentrations and observations,and the coefficient of determination R2 is 0.61 between the estimated PM 2.5 concentrations and the observations.In addition,surface-level PM 2.5 concentrations are also estimated by using MODIS AOT,ground-based LIDAR observations and RH measurements.A comparison between the two estimated PM 2.5 concentrations shows that the new method proposed in this paper is better than the traditional method.The coefficient of determination R2 is improved from 0.32 to 0.62.     

Two interannual variability modes of the Northwestern Pacific Subtropical Anticyclone in boreal summer

Using the reanalysis data and 20th century simulation of coupled model FGOALS_gl developed by LASG/IAP, we identified two distinct interannual modes of Northwestern Pacific Subtropical Anticyclone (NWPAC) by performing Empirical Orthogonal Function (EOF) analysis on 850 hPa wind field over the northwestern Pacific in summer. Based on the associated anomalous equatorial zonal wind, these two modes are termed as "Equatorial Easterly related Mode" (EEM) and "Equatorial Westerly related Mode" (EWM), respectively. The formation mechanisms of these two modes are similar, whereas the maintenance mechanisms, dominant periods, and the relationships with ENSO are different. The EEM is associated with El Ni o decaying phase, with the anomalous anticyclone established in the preceding winter and persisted into summer through local positive air-sea feedback. By enhancing equatorial upwelling of subsurface cold water, EEM favors the transition of ENSO from El Ni o to La Ni a. The EWM is accompanied by the El Ni o events with long persistence, with the anomalous anticyclone formed in spring and strengthened in summer due to the warm Sea Surface Temperature anomalies (SSTA) forcing from the equatorial central-eastern Pacific. The model well reproduces the spatial patterns of these two modes, but fails to simulate the percentage variance accounted for by the two modes. In the NCEP reanalysis (model result), EEM (EWM) appears as the firstmode, which accounts for 35.6% (68.2%) of the total variance.     

高钙低镁体系中钙镁测定方法的改进研究

EDTA络合滴定法是应用范围比较广的传统方法,但该方法对样品中钙镁摩尔比的适用范围约为1：10-10：1,时于超过该范围的钙镁比样品测定的准确度会有所下降;传统EDTA络合指示剂滴定法测定高钙低镁体系中钙镁含量时,终点不易判断,测定结果平行性差,甚至出现钙镁总量小于钙量的情况。通过往样品中加入一定量Mg’标准溶液的方法,改善了滴定反应效果。结果表明,Mg^2＋的加入能明显提高滴定终点变色灵敏度。加标回收试验表明,镁的回收率达到99．96％,钙的回收率达到99．40％。该方法准确度高,操作简单,适用性强。     

人工湿地系统对泉河水质净化处理的实践应用

泉河是山东省济宁市汶上县一条重要的河流,工业点源、农业面源污染使得泉河污染,水质超标。为净化水质,建设了泉河河道走廊人工湿地工程,总长度23km,规模319.7hm2,总投资5170万元。主要采用河道滞留塘+表面流人工湿地组合工艺,处理汶上县污水处理厂外排水、沿河周边农村生活污水及农田退水,污水处理规模2.0万m3/d。工程2010年10月开工,2011年6月建成并正常运行。通过1a多的运行结果表明,该人工湿地工程具有较高的污染负荷去除率,实现了河道的生态修复和沿河生态环境治理,泉河生态环境得到了明显改善。     

吹填土次固结系数影响因素的试验研究

围海造陆已成为沿海地区土地开发的重要手段,为解决吹填土地基过量的工后沉降问题,本文对自行配制的吹填土进行了一系列一维固结试验,探讨了不同加荷时间、加荷比、预压荷载大小对吹填土次固结系数的影响。结果表明: 加荷初期,加荷时间对次固结系数影响较大; 吹填土的主次固结划分与加荷比有关; 不同加荷比下的土样次固结系数的终值趋于相等; 次固结系数受预压荷载的影响,表现先增后减的变化规律,当固结压力等于先期固结压力时,次固结系数达到峰值。     

LNAPL 污染土壤介电性质的实验研究——-以石英砂为例

为研究轻非水相液体污染土壤的介电性质,在实验室条件下,利用石英砂( 粒径0. 106 ～ 0. 212 mm) 、柴油和水的混合物模拟LNAPL 污染土壤,采用开口同轴探头法利用高频电磁波( 200 MHz ～ 3 GHz) 在污染土壤中的反射获得介电常数,并分析土壤中油水体积含量变化与相对介电常数的变化规律。实验结果表明: 非饱和状态下石英砂的相对介电常数随着体积含水量和含油量的增大而增大,达到饱和状态后体积含油量的增加对相对介电常的影响不明显; 被污染的非饱和状态的砂样在放置过程中,相对介电常数随着放置时间的延长呈现先增大最后趋于稳定的变化趋势。     

浅析隧道和地下工程瓦斯地质评价

通过分析研究瓦斯地质固有属性及交叉学科相关特征;归纳总结规律,简要阐述灾害发生的机理;结合国内外的相关领域评价现状及发展前景,从我国以人为本的基础性应用研究开始,提出隧道和地下工程建设的重要意义,确立瓦斯地质评价的重要位置;进一步提出瓦斯地质评价的手段、步骤、参数及指标;为行业建设提供专项技术支撑.     

湘西黔东地区铅锌矿床与古油藏关系初探

本文以湖南花垣铅锌矿床和贵州牛角塘铅锌矿床为例,探讨了湘西黔东地区铅锌矿与古油藏的关系。二者在空间分布上关系密切,存在"共生"和"上油下矿"两种关系,下寒武统清虚洞组既是铅锌矿重要的赋矿层位也是古油藏储集层之一;铅锌矿源层可能为新元古代基底岩系或下寒武统石牌组碎屑岩,古油藏烃源岩主要为下寒武统牛蹄塘组。古油藏中的油田卤水萃取了石牌组碎屑岩中的铅锌等成矿物质,形成成矿流体并运移,在古油藏形成后,由于加里东末期的构造运动的影响,古油藏和成矿流体的平衡被打破导致铅锌矿质沉淀,在这个过程中古油藏中的油田卤水可能为铅锌矿的沉淀提供了部分硫源。铅锌矿成矿时代与加里东期形成或破坏的古油藏时间上较为一致。