Evolution trend of the water quality in Dongping Lake after South-North Water Transfer Project in China

To investigate the evolution trend of water quality in Dongping Lake after South-North Water Transfer Project operation as well as to ensure the safe usage of the water receiving areas, water samples were collected and determined before and after water delivery in different hydrological seasons. Then, comprehensive pollution index method, comprehensive nutrition state index method and health risk assessment model were utilized to evaluate the quality, nutrition, and health risk of Dongping Lake water. Results showed that the quality of Dongping Lake water still met level Ⅲ (light pollution) no matter before or after water delivery. The nutrition state was improved from light eutropher before water delivery to mesotropher after water delivery. The health risk level was reduced from high-medium before water delivery to medium level after water delivery. In summary, the operation of the eastern route of South-North Water Transfer Project is beneficial for water environment improvement of Dongping Lake.     

Mechanisms for the link between onset and duration of open water in the Kara Sea

The sea ice conditions in the Kara Sea have important impacts on Arctic shipping, oil and gas production, and marine environmental changes. In this study, sea ice coverage (CR) less than 30％ is considered as open water, its onset and end dates are defined as Topen and Tclose, respectively. The sea ice melt onset (Tmelt) is defined as the date when ice-sea freshwater flux initially changes from ice into the ocean. Satellite-based sea ice concentration (SIC) from 1989 to 2019 shows a negative correlation between Topen and Tclose (r = –0.77, p < 0.01) in the Kara Sea. This phenomenon is also obtained through analyzing the hindcast simulation from 1994 to 2015 by a coupled ocean and sea-ice model (NAPA1/4). The model results reveal that thermodynamics dominate the sea ice variations, and ice basal melt is greater than the ice surface melt. Heat budget estimation suggests that the heat flux is significant correlated with Topen (r = –0.95, p < 0.01) during the melt period (the duration of multi-year averaged Tmelt to Topen) influenced by the sea ice conditions. Additionally, this heat flux is also suggested to dominate the interannual variation of the heat input during the whole heat absorption process (r = 0.81, p < 0.01). The more heat input during this process leads to later Tclose (r = 0.77, p < 0.01). This is the physical basis of the negative correlation between Topen and Tclose. Therefore, the duration of open water can be predicted by Topen and thence support earlier planning of marine activities.     

用辐射传输方程改进算法反演LandSAT8海表温度的效果检验和适用条件分析

为检验辐射传输方程改进算法推广用于反演LandSAT8 海表温度(SST)的可行性及适用条件,本研究在修订算法部分参数的基础上,分别反演出算法改进前后的LandSAT8 SST并进行比较。MODIS SST验证表明改进算法对大气透过率偏差和SST偏差均有明显改善,除2019-08-21图像外,其他3景图像SST偏差在0.5℃左右;浮标SST验证表明改进算法在近岸海域对SST偏差改善效果同样显著,其平均偏差bias和均方根误差rmse分别减少到0.14、0.18℃,基本可以忽略不计;进一步研究发现,改进算法SST反演精度与研究海域大气透过率分布均匀程度呈显著的正相关关系,R²[bias(SST)]=0.920 7,R²[rmse(SST)]=0.934 0。使用改进算法遥感监测电厂温排水：嵩屿电厂表层海水温升羽流不明显;而后石电厂表层温升现象最显著,温升幅度和扩散影响范围最大,在其排水口附近存在稳定的高温水体(温升＞3℃);晋江电厂表层温升羽流呈扇形分布,流轴短,主要集中在排水口附近。     

下辽河平原景观格局演变与预测分析

以下辽河平原为研究对象,选取1980年、2010年和2018年Landsat TM/ETM+OLI卫星图像进行解译,得到3期土地利用数据,定量分析下辽河平原近40年土地利用时空变化特征.结合地形、交通通达度及限制转化因子采用FLUS(Future Land Use Simulation)模型对流域未来土地利用变化情景及景观格局进行了预测.结果表明:1980-2018年水田、林地、草地、沼泽面积均减少,其中水田面积减少量最大,占比减少了8.59％,旱地、水域和城镇的面积均有所上升,旱地的增长面积最大,占比增加了6.19％;水田、林地、水域转入为旱地面积最大,旱地转出为建设用地面积最大;1980-2018年景观格局发生了较大变化,景观的破碎化程度降低,斑块之间的连通度、聚集程度升高,土地利用的集约化程度增大;2018-2040年,下辽河平原建设用地和水田的变化面积最大,城市化过程更加显著,景观的多样性及空间异质性降低,人类对环境的干扰能力变大.     

Rutile inclusions in garnet from a dissolution‐reprecipitation mechanism

Metamorphic garnet commonly contains needle‐like rutile inclusions as well as equant rutile inclusions that surround quartz inclusions and range in size from submicrometer to nanometer. Although the origin of these equant rutile inclusions, that is, exsolution or non‐exsolution, has important implications for petrological and tectonic processes, the crystallographic characteristics of these inclusions have rarely been studied because of the small sizes and analytical difficulties involved. Here, we report the crystallographic characteristics pertinent to the genetic origin of minute equant rutile inclusions in cloudy, nearly spherically shaped garnet domains with Ti‐depleted compositions surrounding quartz inclusions in ultrahigh‐pressure garnet from several diamondiferous Erzgebirge quartzofeldspathic gneissic rock samples. TEM analyses show that the equant rutile crystals in cloudy garnet domains are partially bounded by the low‐energy {100}_rt ± {110}_rt ± {101}_rt facets and have rather random crystallographic orientation relationships (CORs) with the garnet host, with preferential alignment of low‐energy lattice planes, for example, {100}_rt//{112}_grt, for some rutile crystals. Although the rather random CORs are unlikely to be attributed to solid‐state exsolution subjected to the stringent topotactic garnet lattice constraints, the characteristic subhedral {100}_rt ± {110}_rt ± {101}_rt crystal forms of rutile can be rationalized by a metasomatic dissolution‐reprecipitation mechanism via a fluid phase. In this scenario, the quartz+fluid inclusions in garnet were first subjected to decompression microcracking during rock exhumation, followed by dissolution of Ti‐bearing garnet matrix at the crack tips or along the crack surfaces and subsequent reprecipitation of rutile, apatite, gahnite, akdalaite, and Ti‐depleted garnet. The rapid coalescence between rutile and garnet crystals in fluid or direct attachment of rutile crystals onto the dissolving crack surfaces would then yield the rather random CORs as reported here. These results, along with previous work on rutile needles, indicate rather diverse genesis of rutile inclusions in various crystal forms, thus shedding light on the controversial exsolution origin for other inclusion suite/microstructure in minerals.     

土地资源错配对中国城市工业绿色全要素生产率的影响

基于价格扭曲效应拓展资源错配模型,使用中国285个城市2004—2017年的工业投入产出数据,测算土地资源错配导致的城市工业绿色全要素生产率（GTFP）损失,并分析其时空变化。结果表明：① 土地资源错配对中国城市工业GTFP损失的年均贡献率为10.05%,已与能源错配并列成为继资本错配之后城市工业GTFP损失的重要贡献者。② 土地资源错配导致中国城市工业GTFP损失呈现“先小幅下降,再大幅上升,后较大幅度下降”的时序变化特征,但总体趋于上升,损失值介于1.10%~2.48%之间,纠正土地资源错配,中国现有城市的工业GTFP有望实现年均2%左右的再增加;东、中部地区土地资源错配导致的城市工业GTFP损失呈现出与全国层面类似的变化特征,西部地区的城市工业GTFP损失整体保持高位,总体稍有下降,东部地区是中国城市工业发展的主要阵地,其土地资源错配导致的城市工业GTFP损失主导着全国层面的城市工业GTFP损失变化。③ 土地资源错配导致中国城市工业GTFP损失的空间格局呈连片集聚化的发展特征,城市工业GTFP损失较高和高等级省份的数量有所增加,逐渐集中到以黄河流域为主的北方地区,损失低和中等等级省份的数量相应减少,逐渐集中到长江流域及东部沿海地区;土地资源错配导致中国城市工业GTFP损失的总差异呈缩小态势,三大地区内城市工业用地配置效率不均衡是土地资源错配导致中国城市工业GTFP损失差异的根本原因,其中西部地区内城市工业用地配置效率不均衡是主要原因,近年来的区域协同发展有利于三大地区间城市工业用地配置效率差距的缩小。     

Spatial Association Between Orogenic Gold Mineralization and Structures Revealed by 3D Prospectivity Modeling: A Case Study of the Xiadian Gold Deposit,Jiaodong Peninsula,China

Natural Resources Research - The Xiadian orogenic deposit with?~?100 t of gold resources, located in the Jiaodong Peninsula, Eastern China, shows an economically attractive gold...     

西藏朋曲流域不同地貌部位流动沙丘粒度特征

沙丘粒度特征不仅能反映沙丘沙物质的来源与动力,也可以体现地形对风沙流运移的改变。对西藏朋曲流域不同地貌部位流动沙丘表层沉积物的粒度特征进行分析。结果表明：（1）朋曲流域流动沙丘表层沉积物粒度组分以中沙（46.51%）和细沙（40.52%）为主,粗沙（5.87%）与极细沙（5.87%）次之,黏土（0.37%）与粉沙（0.85%）含量最低。流动沙丘表层沉积物平均粒径1.41—2.32 Φ,分选系数0.45—0.79 Φ,偏度0.01—0.24,峰度0.98—1.80。（2）从河漫滩到河流阶地到山坡,流动沙丘粒度逐渐变小,频率分布曲线逐渐变高变窄,粒径越来越集中,沿主导风向自西南向东北概率累积曲线斜率逐渐增大,分选性逐渐变好。（3）河漫滩至河流高级阶地流动沙丘表层沉积物随海拔升高粒径变小,坡麓至坡顶随海拔升高粒径变大,分选却变好,表明山坡上沙丘与阶地上沙丘的沙物质来自于不同河段的河床或河漫滩。     

Identification and characterization of endosymbiosis-related immune genes in deep-sea mussels Gigantidas platifrons

Deep-sea mussels of the subfamily Bathymodiolinae are common and numerically dominant species widely distributed in cold seeps and hydrothermal vents.During long-time evolution,deep-sea mussels have evolved to be well adapted to the local environment of cold seeps and hydrothermal vents by various ways,especially by establishing endosymbiosis with chemotrophic bacteria.However,biological processes underlying the establishment and maintenance of symbiosis between host mussels and symbionts are largely unclear.In the present study,Gigantidasplatifrons genes possibly involved in the symbio sis with methane oxidation symbionts were identified and characterized by Lipopoly saccharide(LPS) pull-down and in situ hybridization.Five immune related proteins including Toll-like receptor 2(TLR2),integrin,vacuolar sorting protein(VSP),matrix metalloproteinase 1(MMP1),and leucine-rich repeat(LRR-1) were identified by LPS pull-down assay.These five proteins were all conserved in either molecular sequences or functional domains and known to be key molecules in host immune recognition,phagocyto sis,and ly so some-mediated digestion.Furthermore,in situ hybridization of LRR-1,TLR2 and VSP genes was conducted to investigate their expression patterns in gill tissues of G.platifrons.Consequently,LRR-1,TLR2,and VSP genes were found expressed exclusively in the bacteriocytes of G.platifrons.Therefore,it was suggested that TLR2,integrin,VSP,MMP1,and LRR-1 might be crucial molecules in the symbiosis between G.platifrons and methane oxidation bacteria by participating in symbio sis-related immune processes.     

Gametogenesis and reproductive traits of the cold-seep mussel Gigantidas platifrons in the South China Sea

Gigantidas platifrons(Bivalvia,Mytilidae),the dominant species at the Formosa cold seep,relies on methanotrophic symbionts dwelling in its gills for nutrition.The reproductive patterns of G.platifrons provide fundamental information for understanding the population recruitment of this species.However,we know very little about important processes in reproduction,such as gametogenesis and symbiotic bacteria transmission.To this end,we described the developmental patterns of the gonads from nine surveys and juvenile length-distribution from one-year larval traps and detected bacteria in gonad from G.platifrons samples.Our results show that G.platifrons is a functionally dioecious species.The reproduction of G.platifrons is discontinuous,with spawning maturity peak around the fourth quarter of the year.The seasonal reproduction of G.platifrons was further supported by the unimodal shell length distribution of the trapped juvenile mussels.Given the small oocyte size(48.99-70.14 μm),which was comparable to that of coastal mussels,we proposed that G.platifrons developed via a free-living,planktotrophic larval stage before settlement.The blooms at the water surface can also supply the development of the planktonic larvae of G.platifrons.Meanwhile,no bacteria were observed in gonads,suggesting a horizontal symbiont transfer mode in this mussel.Collectively,these results provide fundamental biological information for an improved understanding of the early life history of G.platifrons in the Formosa cold seep.