Development of efficiently coupled thermo-hydro-mechanical model to predict hydraulic fracture morphology in heavy oil reservoirs

The aim of the study involves examining the effect of heavy oil viscosity on fracture geometry in detail by establishing a heavy oil fracturing model and conventional fracturing model based on thermal–hydraulic–mechanical (THM) coupled theory, Walther viscosity model, and K–D–R temperature model. We consider viscosity and density within the heavy oil fracturing model as functions of pressure and temperature while that as constants within the conventional fracturing model. A heavy oil production well is set as an example to analyze the differences between the two models to account for the thermo-poro-elastic effect. The results show that temperature exhibits the most significant influence on the heavy oil viscosity while the influence of pressure is the least. In addition, a cooling area with a width of 0–1 m and varied length is generated near the fracture. The heavy oil viscosity increases sharply in this area, thereby indicating an area of viscosity increment. The heavy oil viscosity increases faster and is closer to wellbore, and a high viscosity increment reduces the mobility of the heavy oil and prevents the fracturing fluid from entering into the reservoir. The special viscosity distribution results in significant differences in pore pressure, oil saturation, and changing trends between these two models. In the heavy oil reservoir fracturing model, the thermal effect completely exceeds the influence of pore elasticity, and the values of the fracture length, width, and static pressure exceed those calculated in the conventional fracturing model. Thus, a comparison of the measured values indicates that the results obtained by considering viscosity as a function of temperature and pressure are more accurate. Therefore, the results of this study are expected to provide good guidelines for the design of heavy oil fracturing.     

基于神经网络的页岩微纳米孔隙微结构分析的正则化和最优化方法

页岩气成藏机理与页岩内部孔隙结构紧密相关,对页岩孔隙结构的研究成为页岩气勘探开发技术中至关重要的一环。页岩内部不同结构体组分对X-射线的吸收能谱不一样,这样就导致观测数据是由不同页岩组分衰减不同波段的X-射线构成的。经过对CT图像分割,能够获得页岩微孔结构的图像,尤其是获得有机质中孔隙类别、形状、尺寸、空间分布、连通特性。本文利用同步辐射X射线扫描重构的页岩CT数据,研究并设计基于多能CT图像的神经网络图像分割技术和算法,以期得到页岩体三维结构特征及空间分布,可以为建立有机质种类和无机矿物组成与微纳孔隙特征的联系以及最终实现页岩气的资源储量评估和勘探开发提供技术支持。     

Position-domain integrity risk-based ambiguity validation for the integer bootstrap estimator

Integrity monitoring for ambiguity resolution is of significance for utilizing the high-precision carrier phase differential positioning for safety–critical navigational applications. The integer bootstrap estimator can provide an analytical probability density function, which enables the precise evaluation of the integrity risk for ambiguity validation. In order to monitor the effect of unknown ambiguity bias on the integer bootstrap estimator, the position-domain integrity risk of the integer bootstrapped baseline is evaluated under the complete failure modes by using the worst-case protection principle. Furthermore, a partial ambiguity resolution method is developed in order to satisfy the predefined integrity risk requirement. Static and kinematic experiments are carried out to test the proposed method by comparing with the traditional ratio test method and the protection level-based method. The static experimental result has shown that the proposed method can achieve a significant global availability improvement by 51% at most. The kinematic result reveals that the proposed method obtains the best balance between the positioning accuracy and the continuity performance.     

GIS专业数据结构课程教学改革探讨

针对GIS专业数据结构教学过程中存在的问题,从教学内容、教学模式与手段、课外辅导与作业讲解、课程资源与师资建设、实践教学与课程考核等方面进行了研究与改革,实践表明:本文提出的改革措施提高了学生的学习热情和动手能力,实现了教学相长。     

基于GIS的西宁市生态敏感性分析

国土优化开发和土地集约型利用是生态文明建设的重要一环,生态敏感性分析为优化国土空间和土地的开发利用提供参考基础,也可促进区域生态环境的可持续发展。借助GIS技术,选取高程、坡度、水域、NDVI和土地利用类型5个生态敏感性因子,利用层次分析法(AHP)确定因子权重,采用空间叠加分析对生态敏感度定量分析,将所得到的生态敏感的高低分为高度敏感区、中度敏感区、低度敏感区和非敏感区,对各个生态敏感区进行综合分析,得到西宁市单因子和综合生态敏感性分析结果,并对西宁城市群的开发提出分区保护与建设的对策建议。     

辽宁省教育与产业结构的时空灰色关联分析

针对辽宁省的教育与产业之间的关联程度,本文借助灰色关联模型,探究了辽宁省的教育与产业结构之间的关联度。结果表明:辽宁省城市综合实力越强,产业系统与教育系统之间的关联程度就越大;辽宁省正在逐步趋于合理地调整和优化产业结构的布局,逐渐注重第三产业的发展,并以此为动力来推动第一和第二产业的发展前进;教育结构是否合理会对产业结构产生直接或间接的影响,调整和优化产业结构需要长时间来寻找一条最优路径,需要逐步引导教育结构与之相适应。     

Destressing Mechanics Effect of Surrounding Rock Induced by Blasting Precondition at Deep Drift Development

Geotechnical and Geological Engineering - Using a detailed modeling simulation technology, a mechanics simulation model was constructed, including multiple development rounds, stress relief holes...     

InSAR技术在多年冻土区形变监测的应用

作为大地测量的一种新兴空间技术,合成孔径雷达干涉（synthetic aperture radar interferometry, InSAR）具有全天时、高精度、大范围和速度快的优点,逐渐被应用于多年冻土区地表形变监测中。通过综述多年冻土形变原理及InSAR监测多年冻土形变的应用实例,研究表明：在气候变暖的背景下,多年冻土区地表年际形变以下沉为主,多年冻土上限附近地下冰含量的大小是影响年际形变量的主要因素;活动层内土壤含水量影响着地表季节形变量的大小,不同类型多年冻土区的地表年际形变量和季节形变量存在着较大的差异。研究还表明,不同波长的SAR产品在不同类型多年冻土区的适用性不同,下垫面特征对利用InSAR获取地表形变量有较大影响,L波段的SAR数据在植被覆盖度较好的区域有更好的效果。由于InSAR的失相干问题,加之目前还缺少长时间、多类型、高频率的实测形变结果作为验证和标校数据,获取准确且连续的大范围形变数据较为困难。针对目前寒区研究需求,布设野外长期观测站点,建立适用于不同多年冻土区的地表形变反演算法,构建具有较高精度和较高时空分辨率的地表形变数据集具有重要的实践和科学意义。     

咸阳地热田水溶氦气资源评价与开发利用前景分析

近年来,在咸阳地热田资源开发利用过程中,发现地热水中普遍伴生有较高浓度的氦气(0.16％～3.00％).多年监测结果表明,伴生的氦气资源分布范围广,含量高且稳定,表现出了较大的资源潜力.通过对咸阳地热田水溶氦气资源量的定量计算,得到咸阳市区水溶氦气资源量为10.92×108 m3,可采量为0.22×108 m3.认为咸阳市开发利用水溶氦气资源的优势显著,在咸阳率先开展水溶氦气提取试验及建立年产万方级水溶氦气先导性试验区,可为在渭河盆地建立我国氦气工业基地及热、矿、水综合开发利用起到示范作用.     

碳市场顶层设计路线图

中国正面临着低碳减排和保持经济增速的双重挑战。为利用碳排放权交易机制以最低的社会成本实现减排目标,我国自2013年起开始建设碳排放权交易试点,并于2017年12月起宣布正式启动全国碳市场。然而碳市场的顶层设计不可一蹴而就,需要在我国宏观经济改革的大背景下分阶段逐步推进。短期（2020年前）碳市场建设重在强化产权制度建设,完善市场交易基础。中期（2021—2030年）碳市场建设要形成活跃的市场氛围,充分降低我国的温室气体达峰成本。长期（2031—2050年）碳市场建设要形成稳定上升的碳价趋势,为我国的低碳转型提供长期动力。