冷空气侵入的暴雨过程物理量场变化与诊断分析

通过对近年的几次有低层冷空气侵入的暴雨天气过程进行数值模拟和诊断分析,发现很多暴雨天气过程都与冷空气侵入有密切关系,连续暴雨过程是在较好的水汽条件和不稳定层结条件下发生的,K指数、Q矢量辐合、螺旋度、水汽通量辐合、涡度和上升速度等物理量大值区的范围和演变趋势,同暴雨范围及演变趋势基本一致;暴雨区上空有高位涡柱存在,并有自低层到高层的高位涡上传。     

基于测井频谱分析的松科二井登娄库组地层沉积速率研究

松辽盆地科学钻探工程松科二井获取了白垩纪陆相沉积资料,其中连续、多参数、高分辨率的地球物理测井资料为研究松辽盆地地层的沉积速率变化规律提供了机会。本文利用GR、Th、K、Th/K多种测井数据,采用天文旋回的方法来计算松科二井登娄库组地层的沉积速率,并探讨影响地层沉积的主控因素。多种测井数据的频谱分析结果表明了登娄库组地层记录着米兰科维奇旋回信息,这说明登娄库组沉积过程受天文轨道驱动力影响。Th测井数据对天文旋回信息的敏感性强,综合考虑多种测井数据的测试结果获得了连续、相对准确的地层沉积速率。登娄库组地层沉积速率从下往上整体呈现为由高到低的趋势。登二段至登三段时期地层沉积主要受盆地断陷活动控制,地层整体具有高沉积速率特征,最高达到16.2 cm/ka。随后至登四段时期由于断陷活动逐渐减弱,盆地向区域坳陷的构造格局转化,登四段整体具有沉积速率较低的特征,最低为5.9cm/ka。该研究建立了松科二井登娄库组地层连续的沉积速率剖面,为揭示松辽盆地由断陷活动过渡到坳陷活动的地质规律提供了测井证据。     

Identifying effects of local and nonlocal factors of soil water storage using cyclical correlation analysis

There are various factors governing the spatial and temporal variability of soil water storage including soil properties, topography and vegetation. Some factors act locally, whereas others act nonlocally, which means that a factor measured at one location has effect on soil water storage at another location. The objective of this study was to examine the effects of local and nonlocal controls of soil water storage in a hummocky landscape using cyclical correlation analysis. Soil water storage, soil properties and terrain indices were measured along a 128‐point transect of 576 m long from the semiarid, hummocky, prairie pothole region of North America. There are large coefficients of determination (r²) between soil water storage and sand content (r² = 0.32–0.53), organic carbon content (r² = 0.22–0.56), depth to carbonate layer (r² = 0.13–0.63), wetness index (r² = 0.25–0.45) and other variables at the measurement scale at different times, indicating strong local effects from these variables. The correlation coefficients were also calculated by physically shifting the spatial series of soil water storage with respect to that of controlling factors. The shifting improves the correlation between the spatial series, and the length of shifting indicated the difference in the response of soil water to its controlling factors. For example, the value of r² increased more than eightfold (r² = 0.47–0.64) after shifting the spatial series of soil water storage by 54 m, almost equal to the average length of existing slope, compared with the very weak correlation (r² = 0.02–0.08) at the measurement scale. This indicated the nonlocal effect from the relative elevation. The identification of nonlocal effects from factors improves the prediction of soil water storage. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Rate and historical change of direct recharge from precipitation constrained by unsaturated zone profiles of chloride and oxygen‐18 in dry river bed of North China Plain

Quantifying of direct recharge derived from precipitation is crucial for assessing sustainability of well‐irrigated agriculture. In the North China Plain, the land use is dominated by groundwater‐irrigated farmland where the direct recharge derived from precipitation and irrigation. To characterize the mean rate and historical variance of direct recharge derived from precipitation, unsaturated zone profiles of chloride and δ¹⁸O in the dry river bed of the Beiyishui River were employed. The results show that archival time scale of the profile covers the duration from 1980 to 2002 (corresponding to depths from 5 to 2 m) which is indicated by matching the δ¹⁸O peaks in the isotope profile with the aridity indexes gained by instrumental records of annual precipitation and annual potential evaporation. Using the chloride mass balance method, the mean rate of the direct recharge corresponding to the archival time scale is estimated to be 3·8 ± 0·8 mm year^?1, which accounts for about 0·7% of the long‐term average annual precipitation. Further, the direct recharge rates vary from 2·1 to 6·8 mm year^?1 since 1980. Despite the subhumid climate, the estimate of recharge rates is in line with other findings in semiarid regions. The low rate of direct recharge is considered as a result of the relative dry climate in recent decades. In dry river bed, unsaturated zone profiles of chloride and δ¹⁸O combined with instrumental records could offer valuable information about the direct recharge derived from precipitation during droughts. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

三元体系Li~+,Mg~(2+)∥SO_4~(2-)—H_2O 25℃相关系及溶液物化性质的研究

研究了三元体系Li~+,Mg~(2+)∥SO_4~(2-)—H_2O在25℃时的相关系和平衡液相的密度、粘度、折光率、电导等物化性质,该体系为简单共饱型,两段溶解度曲线对应于体系的两种原始组份Li_2SO_4·H_2O和MgSO_4·7H_2O的结晶区,无复盐和固溶体形成,亦无脱水作用发生,应用电解质溶液Pitzer模型检测该体系25C的溶解度,并用经验或半经验公式对平衡液相的密度和折光率进行了理论计算,计算值与实验值非常接近。     

论减轻自然灾害工作

本文概述自然灾害的各类及其危害性，分析自然灾害的共同特点，讨论减轻灾害的意义，文中指出提高防灾意识，加强灾害预防预报，制定减灾计划，建立减灾工作体系，开展群众防灾教育和培养专业及业余防灾人员是当前减灾工作的主要任务。     

综合物探方法在松辽盆地北部基底结构研究中的应用

根据综合地球物理方法，查明松辽盆地北部基底的断裂２６条，其中岩石圈断裂６条，壳断裂５条，基底断裂１５条；盆地基底岩性由五种类型所组成一前寒武系变质岩、糜棱岩、下古生界变质岩、二叠系浅变质岩及花岗岩。为盆地演化及含油气性提供重要信息。     

自组织人工神经网络在地震综合预报中的应用

运用三维Ｔ·ｋｏｈｏｎｅｎ自组织人工神经网络进行地震综合预报，以云南多震区─滇西南地震区为例进行实际判别计算，预测成功率达１００％。结果表明．神经网络方法性能较好，可望成为进行地震实际预报的一种有效的辅助手段。     

广州白云山常绿阔叶林的结构特征

在线路调查和样方调查的基础上分析了广州白云山常绿阔叶林的结构特征.群落主要由亚热带科属组成,优势科为芸香科、五加科、茜草科、山茶科、壳斗科、鼠刺科、樟科等.优势树种也以相应的优势科属树种为主.群落中胸径≥3cm的个体密度较小,只有1964株/hm2;群落较为低矮,平均高度只有6m;乔木垂直分化不明显,树种水平分布不均.白云山的植被是次生植被和人工造林改造的结果,只在山谷少数植被没受人类干扰.其现状植被是天然次生植被和人工植被的混合体.在一些由马尾松发展起来的群落,天然侵入的阔叶树种已在主要层中居优势;群落中可见马尾松衰退的痕迹.     

Liénard型方程周期解的存在性

利用Sobolev空间范数,给出了一般形式的Liénard型方程周期解估计,通过Schauder不动点定理,证明了周期解的存在性。