琼东南盆地陵南低凸起深水钻井岩心的稀土元素地球化学特征及其意义

A geochemical analysis of rare-earth elements(REEs) in 97 samples collected from the core of deep-water Well LS-A located at the Lingnan Low Uplift Area of the Qiongdongnan Basin is conducted, with the purpose of revealing the changes of sedimentary source and environment in the study region since Oligocene and evaluating the response of geochemical characteristics of REEs to the tectonic evolution. In the core samples, both ∑REE and ∑LREE(LREE is short for light-group REEs) fluctuate in a relatively wide range, while ∑HREE(HREE is short for heavy-group REEs) maintains a relatively stable level. With the stratigraphic chronology becoming newer, both ∑REE and ∑LREE show a gradually rising trend overall. The ∑REE of the core is relatively high from the bottom of Yacheng Formation(at a well depth of 4 207 m) to the top of Ledong Formation, and the REEs show partitioning characteristics of the enrichment of LREE, the stable content of HREE, and the negative anomaly of Eu to varying degrees. Overall the geochemical characteristics of REEs are relatively approximate to those of China's neritic sediments and loess, with significant "continental orientation". The ∑REE of the core is relatively low in the lower part of Yacheng Formation(at a well depth of 4 207–4 330 m), as shown by the REEs partitioning characteristics of the depletion of LREE, the relative enrichment of HREE, and the positive anomaly of Eu; the geochemical characteristics of REEs are approximate to those of oceanic crust and basalt overall, indicating that the provenance is primarily composed of volcanic eruption matters. As shown by the analyses based on sequence stratigraphy and mineralogy, the provenance in study region in the early Oligocene mainly resulted from the volcanic materials of the peripheral uplift areas; the continental margin materials from the north contributed only insignificantly; the provenance developed to a certain extent in the late Oligocene. Since the Miocene, the provenance has ceaselessly expanded from proximal to distal realm, embodying a characteristic of multi-source sedimentation. In the core strata with 31.5, 28.4, 25.5, 23, and 16 Ma from today, the geochemical parameters of REEs and Th/Sc ratio have significant saltation, embodying the tectonic movement events in the evolution of the Qiongdongnan Basin. In the tectonic evolution history of the South China Sea, the South China Sea Movement(34–25 Ma BP, early expansion of the South China Sea), Baiyun Movement(23 Ma BP), late expansion movement(23.5–16.5 Ma BP), expansion-settlement transition, and other important events are all clearly recorded by the geochemical characteristics of REEs in the core.     

Characterization of Stratospheric Aerosol Distributions during the Volcanically Quiescent Period of 1998–2004

The Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment （SAGE） II aerosol extinction profiles at 1020 nm were used to study the distribution characteristics of stratospheric aerosols during the volcanically quiescent period of 1998-2004. The stratospheric aerosol distributions exhibited hemispheric asymmetry between the Northern Hemisphere （NH） and the Southern Hemisphere （SH）. In the lower stratosphere below 20 km, the zonal averaged aerosol optical depths in the NH were higher than those of the corresponding SH; whereas at higher altitudes above 20 km, the optical depths in the SH-- except the equatorial region--were higher than those of the NH. At 0-10°N and 10-20°N, the stratospheric aerosol optical depth （SAOD） exhibited larger values in boreal winter and lower values in the spring and summer; at 0-10°S and 10-20°S, the SAOD presented small seasonal variations. At 30-40°N, the SAOD presented larger values in the boreal fall and winter and lower values in the spring and summer; while at 30-40°S, the SAOD exhibited larger values in the austral winter and early spring and lower values in the summer and fall. These characteristics can mainly be attributed to the seasonal cycle of the dynamic transport, and the effects of the buildup and breakdown of the polar vortex. At 50-60°S, the SAOD exhibited extremely high values during austral winter associated with the Antarctic polar vortex boundary; at 50-60°N, the SAOD also exhibited larger values during the boreal winter, but it was much less obvious than that of its southern counterpart.     

An Empirical Model for Estimating the Zonal Mean Aerosol Extinction Profiles from SAGE II Measurements

This paper presents an empirical model for estimating the zonal mean aerosol extinction profiles in the stratosphere over 10°-wide latitude bands between 60°S and 60°N, on the basis of Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment（SAGE） II aerosol extinction measurements at 1.02, 0.525, and 0.452 μm during the volcanically quiescent period between 1998–2004. First, an empirical model is developed for calculating the stratospheric aerosol extinction profiles at 1.02 μm. Then, starting from the 1.02 μm extinction profile and an exponential spectral dependence, an empirical algorithm is developed that allows the aerosol extinction profiles at other wavelengths to be calculated. Comparisons of the model-calculated aerosol extinction profiles at the wavelengths of 1.02, 0.525, and 0.452 μm and the SAGE II measurements show that the model-calculated aerosol extinction coefficients conform well with the SAGE II values, with the relative differences generally being within 15% from 2 km above the tropopause to 40 km. The model-calculated stratospheric aerosol optical depths at the three wavelengths are also in good agreement with the corresponding optical depths derived from the SAGE II measurements, with the relative differences being within 0.9% for all latitude bands. This paper provides a useful tool in simulating zonal mean aerosol extinction profiles, which can be used as representative background stratospheric aerosols in view of atmospheric modeling and remote sensing retrievals.     

基于双层模糊计算的工程测量质量评价模型

科学的对工程测量的成果质量进行评价是测绘生产过程中的关键工作,本文在总结以往测绘成果质量评价方法的同时,给出了工程测量的质量评价模型,即双层模糊评价模型,以高程控制测量为例,详述了模型的计算步骤和最终质量评价等级。     

中法海洋卫星微波散射计近海岸产品在台风遥感监测中的应用

中法海洋卫星(Chinese-French Oceanography Satellite,CFOSAT)搭载的微波散射计(CFOSAT Scatterometer,CSCAT)采用 Ku 波段扇形波束旋转扫描体制,具有观测几何信息丰富、观测样本数多的特点,是一种新型的海面风场遥感仪器。CSCAT 的原始空间分辨率可达10 km×12-5 km,是目前空间分辨率最高的微波散射计,为开发高质量的近海岸高分辨率海面风场产品提供了可能性。首先,回顾了 CSCAT 近海岸风场遥感的原理,并利用辅助数据验证了这种新的科学产品的有效性。 然后,利用 CSCAT 近海岸风场开展了台风灾害监测研究。与标准 25 km 分辨率的产品相比, CSCAT 近海岸风场可以更细致地描绘台风结构,能够为气象和海洋防灾减灾提供更精准的信息支持与决策服务。     

纵向岭谷区山地温度垂直分布格局研究

为探讨纵向岭谷区不同山地温度垂直分布规律,选取不同纬度的西双版纳、哀牢山、高黎贡山为研究对象,利用山地气温垂直观测资料,对比分析了各山地的气温和地表温垂直分布特征.结果表明:同一山体,由于高差较大,温度随海拔的升高呈现出递减的趋势;其垂直递减率从季节上说,一般是雨季较高,年次之,干季最低;从坡向来说一般是东坡高于西坡.不同纬度的西双版纳、哀牢山和高黎贡山的气温垂直递减率是哀牢山最大,高黎贡山次之,西双版纳最小,且东坡大西坡小.     

近60a丹东极端温度和降水事件变化特征

利用丹东1951~2010年逐日温度和降水资料,以多重分形去趋势波动分析法定义极端事件的阈值,分析了该地区极端最高温度、极端最低温度和极端降水的变化特征。结果表明:近60 a丹东极端最低温度事件比极端最高温度和极端降水事件发生次数多,极端最高温度强度比极端最低温度大,平均超出了1.5℃,而极端降水平均强度为30.3 mm,都在20世纪70年代最小,70年代是转折期;50年代的极端气候事件(温度和降水)最为严重,其次是90年代,70年代的严重度最轻;极端降水频次变化不明显,极端最高温度事件可以由夏季平均最高温度的变化预测,有不显著的增多趋势,而极端最低温度事件可以用冬季平均日较差温度的变化预测,在今后一段时间内有显著减少的趋势。     

基于复杂网络聚类的最优选址模型

最优选址在社会经济活动中非常重要。传统的网络聚类分析以空间两点之间的直线度量距离,而不是以空间最短网络路径作为聚类条件,无法找到复杂网络的最优选址中心。基于最短路径的复杂网络聚类模型,探索复杂道路网络中的最优选址。模型通过迭代法获取近似最优解,二分邻域分割法逼近最优解分布区,应用邻域下降法达到最优选址点。实验结果表明:本模型与穷举-Dijkstra算法相比,计算精度相当,计算速度提高了约23倍以上。模型以复杂网络聚类为基础推导,为复杂网络选址、聚类提供了一种新的理论与方法。     

基于Web GIS的新疆强震数据共享系统设计

在深入研究GIS系统的基础上,创造性地提出在Web GIS平台上开发新疆强震数据共享系统设计构想,给出系统设计核心思路,为新疆强震数据的统一管理、查询、运用提供建设性思路.     

岩石结构面注浆加固抗剪特性试验研究

为了研究破裂岩体结构面的注浆加固效果,并揭示其加固实质和作用机制,对单轴压缩试验形成的破裂岩样结构面粗糙度进行了测量与研究;通过破裂岩样结构面注浆加固的剪切试验,分析了注浆对结构面强度和刚度等力学特性参数的影响;通过锯齿形模型化结构面注浆前后剪切试验,分析了锯齿形结构面的力学特性及注浆加固对模型化结构面的影响。研究结果表明,同种岩样压裂后结构面粗糙度系数JRC相近,其数值约为8～10,具有可复制性;注浆后结构面残余强度、剪切峰值强度及上升段斜率均有明显提高;注浆后岩体中结构面的刚度也得到了明显改善;通过理论分析,给出了结构面刚度的理论拟合公式;结构面的剪切峰值强度及残余强度随着锯齿形齿数的增多明显提高,注浆加固后,结构面剪切峰值强度、黏聚力都有不同程度的增大,而内摩擦角变化不大