新一代国内气象通信系统设计与实现

新一代国内气象通信系统是继9210工程以后国内气象通信系统的重要升级,针对数据传输时效要求高、资料信息量庞大、传输环节多且不规范、监控不全面的现状,采用赛门铁克VCS(VERITAS Cluster Server)技术,建立省级和国家级两级的数据传输、通信数据处理和系统监视的统一管理平台,实现气象通信系统的高可用性、易...     

A study of partitioning Q vector on background conditions of a torrential rainfall over Shanghai, China on 25 August 2008

A rainfall that occurred during 0200–1400 Beijing Standard Time(BST)25 August 2008 shows the rapid development of a convective system,a short life span,and a record rate of 117.5 mm h-1for Xujiahui station since 1872.To study this torrential rainfall process,the partitioning method of Q vector is developed,in which a moist Q vector is first separated into a dry ageostrophic Q vector(DQ)and a diabatic-heating component.The dry ageostrophic Q vector is further partitioned along isothermal lines in the natural...     

塔里木盆地北部早—中白垩世孢粉时代和生物地理区系研究新进展

塔里木盆地北部地区早—中白垩世地层(白垩系一般为二分,国内外有人主张三分,国内三分条件尚未成熟.本文只是为与国外同行对比行文方便而使用早—中白垩世.)发育,是研究塔里木盆地该断代陆相地层的理想地区之一.亚格列木组过去由于化石较少,时代划分存有争议.笔者等在拜城县卡普沙良剖面首次发现该组孢粉化石之后,本次又发现51属22...     

酸化液压技术在地热增产中的应用分析

本文介绍了酸化液压技术在天津地热增产中的应用和经验。应用该技术应重视对基础地质资料和酸化前抽水试验资料的分析,弄清酸化液压技术应用的条件。     

凸起凹陷构造控矿及找矿探讨——以泰安市区为例

在泰安市所辖6个县市区范围内,分布着以铁、金等为主的金属矿产和以煤、石膏等为主的非金属矿产。两类矿产分别赋存于呈近SN向相间排列的5个凸起和5个凹陷构造中,铁、金等矿赋存于凸起,煤、石膏等矿赋存于凹陷。对凸起构造特征分析认为,南北方向相邻的凸起、凹陷构造本是一体,凹陷深部与凸起有相似的地质条件,相似类比理论为地质找矿工作提供了空间,应树立综合找矿和缺位找矿的思想,整合矿业权,实行整装统筹勘查。     

中法海洋卫星微波散射计近海岸产品在台风遥感监测中的应用

中法海洋卫星(Chinese-French Oceanography Satellite,CFOSAT)搭载的微波散射计(CFOSAT Scatterometer,CSCAT)采用 Ku 波段扇形波束旋转扫描体制,具有观测几何信息丰富、观测样本数多的特点,是一种新型的海面风场遥感仪器。CSCAT 的原始空间分辨率可达10 km×12-5 km,是目前空间分辨率最高的微波散射计,为开发高质量的近海岸高分辨率海面风场产品提供了可能性。首先,回顾了 CSCAT 近海岸风场遥感的原理,并利用辅助数据验证了这种新的科学产品的有效性。 然后,利用 CSCAT 近海岸风场开展了台风灾害监测研究。与标准 25 km 分辨率的产品相比, CSCAT 近海岸风场可以更细致地描绘台风结构,能够为气象和海洋防灾减灾提供更精准的信息支持与决策服务。     

基于GF组合自适应阈值模型的BDS周跳探测方法

针对北斗3种不同类型卫星轨道在静态及动态环境下相位历元差与卫星高度角和采样率之间的关系,构建适用于不同轨道卫星GF组合自适应阈值模型的BDS周跳探测方法。结果表明,本文方法可适用于北斗各类轨道卫星高度角较低及电离层活跃等不利观测环境下的周跳探测,尽可能地避免各采样率情况下的错判及漏判现象,显著提高采样率较低及多路径误差较大时的探测准确率。     

一种改进的变权重MRF遥感图像变化检测方法

基于马尔科夫随机场(Markov Random Field,MRF)模型下的遥感图像变化检测因固定组合能量函数导致的边缘分割模糊问题,提出了一种改进的变权重MRF遥感图像变化检测方法。该方法首先通过模糊C均值(Fuzzy C-means,FCM)算法对差值图像进行聚类分割,并依此分割结果作为变权重MRF的初始分割条件进行最终的分割;最后对分割结果进行掩膜处理,得到最终的变化检测结果。采用真实遥感影像进行对比实验,结果表明所提方法变化检测精度更高,边缘检测更加平滑,区域一致性更好。     

The Tibetan Plateau Surface–Atmosphere Coupling System and Its Weather and Climate Effects: The Third Tibetan Plateau Atmospheric Science Experiment

The Tibetan Plateau(TP) is a key area affecting forecasts of weather and climate in China and occurrences of extreme weather and climate events over the world. The China Meteorological Administration, the National Natural Science Foundation of China, and the Chinese Academy of Sciences jointly initiated the Third Tibetan Plateau Atmospheric Science Experiment(TIPEX-Ⅲ) in 2013, with an 8–10-yr implementation plan. Since its preliminary field measurements conducted in 2013, routine automatic sounding systems have been deployed at Shiquanhe, Gaize, and Shenzha stations in western TP, where no routine sounding observations were available previously. The observational networks for soil temperature and soil moisture in the central and western TP have also been established. Meanwhile, the plateau-scale and regional-scale boundary layer observations, cloud–precipitation microphysical observations with multiple radars and aircraft campaigns, and tropospheric–stratospheric air composition observations at multiple sites, were performed. The results so far show that the turbulent heat exchange coefficient and sensible heat flux are remarkably lower than the earlier estimations at grassland, meadow, and bare soil surfaces of the central and western TP. Climatologically, cumulus clouds over the main body of the TP might develop locally instead of originating from the cumulus clouds that propagate northward from South Asia. The TIPEX-Ⅲ observations up to now also reveal diurnal variations, macro-and microphysical characteristics, and water-phase transition mechanisms, of cumulus clouds at Naqu station. Moreover, TIPEX-Ⅲ related studies have proposed a maintenance mechanism responsible for the Asian "atmospheric water tower" and demonstrated the effects of the TP heating anomalies on African, Asian, and North American climates. Additionally, numerical modeling studies show that the Γ distribution of raindrop size is more suitable for depicting the TP raindrop characteristics compared to the M–P distribution, the overestimation of sensible heat flux can be reduced via modifying the heat transfer parameterization over the TP, and considering climatic signals in some key areas of the TP can improve the skill for rainfall forecast in the central and eastern parts of China. Furthermore, the TIPEX-Ⅲ has been promoting the technology in processing surface observations, soundings, and radar observations, improving the quality of satellite retrieved soil moisture and atmospheric water vapor content products as well as high-resolution gauge–radar–satellite merged rainfall products, and facilitating the meteorological monitoring, forecasting, and data sharing operations.