嵌岩桩轴向荷载传递的Goodman理论及其分析

介绍了嵌岩桩轴向应力传递的Ｇｏｏｄｍａｎ计算理论,并进行了公式推导,该公式将嵌岩桩在轴向应力作用下桩体压缩产生的侧向变形看做为有压洞室在周边上产生的径向位移,然后应用平衡、物理和几何方程求解得到。公式从理论上验证了国内外大量嵌岩桩的荷轴向传递规律,同时指出了公式存在的缺陷,在解决了缺陷后,可利用该公式对嵌岩桩进行优化设计。     

地域生态系统服务功能的价值结构分析——以宁夏灵武市为例

从地域生态系统价值体系出发,探讨城市自然、经济、社会综合资本测算的理论和方法。通过综合资本的测算,认识和了解自然生态系统为人类社会经济提供服务的价值量,以及人类为维护自然生态系统平衡所需的资本投入量。研究表明,灵武市的自然资本约占总资本的1/3左右,牧草地和水域占自然资本总贡献的97%。工矿、城镇等土地利用方式产生巨大的自然资本负价值,其中工矿占84%,城镇占9%,显然工矿业对当地自然资本的损耗最大。     

Discussion of Grading Evaluation Criteria to Study Shale Oil Resources in Zhanhua Sag

<正>The huge resources potential of shale oil has been paid more and more attention.The method to correctly evaluate the shale oil potential is the key for resources evaluation.Some foreign scholars argued that the amount of hydrocarbon-bearing per unit organic carbon(S_1/TOC)was effective to determine the producible shale oil,known as"Oil crossover",while the method has some limitation     

Characterization of microscopic pore structures and its effect on methane adsorption capacity in continental shales

<正>The study of microscopic pore structures is of great significance to the assessment of gas adsorption capacity of shale reservoirs.Characterization of microscopic pore structures and its effect on methane adsorption capacity in marine shales have been investigated widely,however,     

Density Calculation for NaCl-H2O Solutions in the Liquid-Solid Two-Phase Field in NaCl-H2O Three-Phase Inclusions

Three-phase NaCl-H₂O fluid inclusions featuring halite dissolution temperature（Tm）higher than vapor bubble disappearance temperature（T_h） are commonly observed in porphyry copper/molybdenum deposits,skarn-type deposits and other magmatic- hydrothermal ore deposits.Based on |ΔV₁|（the absolute value of volume variation of NaCl-H₂O solution in a heating or cooling process of inclusions）= |ΔV_s|（the absolute value of volume variation of the halite crystal in a heating or cooling process of inclusions） and on the principle of conservation of the mass of NaCl and H₂O,we systematically calculated the densities of NaCl-H₂O solutions in the solid-liquid two-phase field for temperatures（T_h） from 0.1℃ to 800℃ and salinities from 26.3 wt%to 99.2wt%.Consequently for the first time we obtained the upper limit of the density of NaCI-H₂O solutions in the solid-liquid twophase field for T_bm inclusions with variant salinities.The results indicate that for inclusions of the T_hm type with the same T_h,the higher the T_m or salinity is,the higher the density of the NaClsaturated solution will be.If a group of fluid inclusions were homogeneously trapped,they must have the same T_h value and the same T_m or salinity value.This may be used to distinguish homogeneous,inhomogeneous,and multiple entrapments of fluid inclusions.     

现代物流业与城市空间结构作用相关研究进展

在经济全球化进程中,分工和专业化不断深化,在此背景下物流业的发展方兴未艾,引起诸多专家学者的关注。通过对前人研究文献的整理,我们认为目前学术界对现代物流业与城市空间结构相互作用的相关研究仅处于起步阶段,物流业的空间组织与空间布局成果较多,但现代物流与城市空间结构的影响成果并不多。研究多集中于城市地理学和交通地理学中,在研究物流产业空间布局时对其与城市空间结构作用的简单提及。本文从物流业对城市空间结构的影响的表现和机理两方面进行了综述,物流业主要通过经济和政府两个视角影响城市空间结构,其空间布局促进了城市空间扩展,改变了城市用地结构及功能。最后,文章提出了关于物流业对城市空间结构影响的研究方向的展望与建议。     

氮沉降对长白山苔原植被影响的试验研究

为了探讨氮沉降增加对苔原植被的影响,特别是对草本植物侵入苔原的作用,在长白山高山苔原带进行了连续4 a的人工氮沉降模拟实验,测定3种设定的氮沉降水平下牛皮杜鹃(Rhododendron chrysanthum)、笃斯越橘(Vaccinium uliginosum)和小叶章(Deyeuxia angustifolia)的生长状况和群落结构变化。研究结果表明:1与牛皮杜鹃、笃斯越橘等苔原本地种相比,氮沉降量增加更有利于侵入的小叶章生长;牛皮杜鹃生长对氮沉降量变化响应微弱,氮沉降量增加能明显抑制笃斯越橘的生长。2无小叶章侵入的牛皮杜鹃和笃斯越橘斑块在不同氮沉降量条件下,群落结构变化不明显,氮沉降增加不是小叶章侵入苔原带的直接原因。3在小叶章侵入牛皮杜鹃和笃斯越橘斑块后,氮沉降量增加强化了小叶章的竞争能力,逐渐取代牛皮杜鹃或笃斯越橘,成为优势种,推动高山苔原向高山草甸转化。因此,随着氮沉降量的不断增加,长白山苔原带将面临退化与草甸化。     

基于GPS/INS的高光谱影像几何粗校正

高光谱影像,较之全色、多光谱影像在地物分类识别方面具有巨大的优势,为了检验现有高光谱相机的空间定位精度,使用基于GPS/INS的POS系统获取航空飞行中高光谱相机的位置与姿态参数,在无地面控制点的情况下,实现几何粗校正.     

A New Precipitation Index for the Spatiotemporal Distribution of Drought and Flooding in the Reaches of the Yangtze and Huaihe Rivers and Related Characteristics of Atmospheric Circulation

Characteristics of the spatiotemporal distributions of precipitation anomalies in the reaches of the Yangtze River and Huaihe River (YHR) were studied using EOF method. Four main precipitation pat-terns for the YHR in summer identified by the first two modes: a region-wide flood over the entire YHR (RWF); a region-wide drought over the entire YHR (RWD); a flood in the south with a drought in the northern region of the Yangtze River (FS-DN); and a drought in the south with a flood in the northern region of the Yangtze River (DS-FN). Based on the first two modes and the actual precipitation departure percentage, a new precipitation index is defined in this paper. The typical flood/drought years associated with the various rainfall patterns defined by this precipitation index are more representative and closer to reality compared to some existing precipitation indexes which just use the area-mean precipitation or the EOF time components individually. The characteristics of atmospheric circulation in summer corresponding to the four main precipitation patterns over the YHR in summer show the features of atmospheric circulation differ in different precipitation pattern years. Although the different patterns share a common main influential circulation system, such as the blocking high over northeastern Asia, the low trough of westerly flows in the mid latitudes, the West Pacific Subtropical High (WPSH), and the high ridge over the Tibet Plateau, the difference in location and intensity of these systems can lead to different distributions of precipitation anomalies.