基于相似网格点的多源定量降水预报融合算法

定量降水预报是无缝隙精细化网格预报中最具挑战的部分,目前存在需要长时间序列的训练样本、大多基于单模式订正及局地偏差特征反应不足等问题.本文提出基于相似网格点的多源定量降水预报融合算法以解决上述问题.该算法融合多家模式6小时降水预报产品生成预报产品.该融合算法可分为模式偏差订正、动态权重融合和削空后处理三步.其中模式偏差...     

新疆地区一维地壳速度模型研究

利用新疆区域地震台网观测到的2009年1月—2014年7月Pn、Sn、Pg和Sg震相数据,综合使用线性拟合、折合走时、PTD定深方法和HypoSAT定位方法确定该地区Pg、Pb和Pn的平均传播速度(v_(Pg),v_(Pb),v_(Pn))、康拉德界面和莫霍面的深度(H_(conr)和H_(moho))范围,以速度和深度步长分别为0.1km/s、1km精度迭代计算样本数据,通过对比分析计算结果与全国地震统一编目和3400模型下样本数据的定位结果后,确定RMS平均值最小的一维速度模型。在新模型中v_(Pg)、v_(Pb)和v_(Pn)分别为6.10km/s、6.70km/s和8.20km/s,H_(conr)和H_(moho)分别为26km、54km。通过检验对比,认为本文获得的新模型优于新疆地区现有的3400模型。     

Carbonate metasomatism in the lithospheric mantle: Implications for cratonic destruction in North China

The activity of melts and fluids may have played a key role in inducing the destruction of the eastern North China Craton in the early Cretaceous. Carbonate melts are important agents in mantle metasomatism and can significantly modify the physical and chemical properties of the subcontinental lithospheric mantle. Carbonate metasomatism can be identified by specific geochemical indices in clinopyroxene, such as high Ca/Al and low Ti/Eu ratios. This study presents the spatial and temporal variations of carbonate metasomatism in the lithospheric mantle beneath the eastern North China Craton. Three types of carbonate metasomatism are classified based on the geochemical compositions of clinopyroxene in mantle peridotites. Clinopyroxene formed by Type 1 carbonate metasomatism is characterized by very high Ca/Al ratios(15–70) and~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr ratios(0.706–0.713). Clinopyroxene derived from Type 2 carbonate metasomatism shows relatively high Ca/Al ratios(5–18) and~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr ratios(0.703–0.706). However, clinopyroxene resulting from Type 3 carbonate metasomatism has low Ca/Al ratios(5–9) and~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr ratios(0.702–0.704). Deep(garnet-bearing) and shallow(spinel-bearing) lithospheric mantle beneath the Sulu orogen and surrounding areas in the eastern North China Craton were affected by intense Type 1 carbonate metasomatism before the late Triassic. The deep subduction of the South China Block with its accompanying carbonate sediments was the trigger for Type 1 carbonate metasomatism, which reduced strength of the lithospheric mantle and provided a prerequisite for the destruction of the eastern North China Craton in the early Cretaceous. After the destruction of the eastern North China Craton, the ancient relict lithospheric mantle, represented by spinel harzburgite xenoliths hosted in the late Cretaceous to Cenozoic basalts,only recorded Type 2 carbonate metasomatism. This implies that the lithospheric mantle experienced the intense Type 1 carbonate metasomatism was completely destroyed and not preserved during decratonization. Spinel lherzolite xenoliths hosted in the late Cretaceous to Cenozoic basalts represent the young, fertile lithospheric mantle formed after the cratonic destruction and only a few samples record Type 2 and 3 carbonate metasomatisms. We suggest that carbonate melts derived from the subduction-modified asthenospheric mantle with variable proportions of recycled crustal material was responsible for the Type 2 and 3 carbonate metasomatisms. The carbonate metasomatism of the lithospheric mantle beneath the Jiaodong Peninsula and surrounding areas is very pervasive and is spatially consistent with the remarkable thinning of lithospheric mantle and giant gold deposits in this region. Therefore, we conclude that carbonate metasomatism in the lithospheric mantle played a crucial part in the modification, destruction and gold deposits in the eastern North China Craton.     

Comparison of Electrostatic and Non‐Electrostatic Models for U(VI) Sorption on Aquifer Sediments

A non‐electrostatic generalized composite surface complexation model (SCM) was developed for U(VI) sorption on contaminated F‐Area sediments from the U.S. Department of Energy Savannah River Site, South Carolina. The objective of this study was to test if a simpler, semi‐empirical, non‐electrostatic U(VI) sorption model (NEM) could achieve the same predictive performance as a SCM with electrostatic correction terms in describing U(VI) plume evolution and long‐term mobility. One‐dimensional reactive transport simulations considering key hydrodynamic processes, Al and Fe minerals, as well as H⁺ and U surface complexation, with and without electrostatic correction terms, were conducted. The NEM was first calibrated with laboratory batch H⁺ and U(VI) sorption data on F‐Area sediments, and then the surface area of the NEM was adjusted to match field observations of dissolved U(VI). Modeling results indicate that the calibrated NEM was able to perform as well as the previously developed electrostatic model in predicting the long‐term evolution of H⁺ and U(VI) at the site, given the variability of field‐site data. The electrostatic and NEM models yield somewhat different results for the time period when basin discharge was active; however, it is not clear which modeling approach may be better to model this early time period because groundwater quality data during this period were not available. A key finding of this study is that the applicability of NEM (and thus robustness of its predictions) to the field system evolves with time and is strongly dependent on the pH range that was used to develop the model.     

结合序贯指示模拟的贝叶斯高斯混合线性反演

高斯混合模型(Gaussian Mixture Model, GMM)可以用来描述储层性质的多峰分布特性,多峰特性主要是由于它们在不同离散变量内的变化而引起的.在高斯混合模型中,高斯分量的权值代表离散变量的概率.然而,基于高斯混合模型的贝叶斯线性反演可能会对某些点的离散变量错误地分类,进而影响连续变量的反演结果,尤其存在强噪声的时候.在本文中,我们考虑了离散变量的空间变化性,并将高斯混合模型与序贯指示模拟(Sequential Indicator Simulation, SIS)相结合来确定离散变量的后验条件权值,形成了结合序贯指示模拟的贝叶斯高斯混合线性反演方法.该方法能够准确地对离散变量进行归类,且具有良好的抗噪性.通过模型试算,我们证明了这种方法的可行性,并在实际资料中取得了较好的结果.     

深海技术装备公共研发平台的建设与思考

建设功能齐全、能够服务于海洋探测技术的公共研发平台是推动我国海洋科学研究、海洋技术装备研发和成果转化的重要支撑。基于此,当前国家深海基地管理中心已开展集装备研发制造、性能测试、规范化海试、技术咨询与培训等功能一体化的深海技术装备公共研发平台的建设工作。本研究以深海技术装备公共研发平台为例,介绍平台在硬件设施建设的基本情况,阐述了平台运行管理制度的建设情况,论述了平台建设过程中的经验和不足之处,以期为其他公共研发平台的建设工作提供有益借鉴和经验。     

海洋工程对天津近岸海域环境的影响研究

文章根据2014年在天津近岸海域海水水质调查成果和收集资料的基础上,分析了现阶段天津近岸海域水质状况,并结合近几年大规模海洋开发活动,分析天津近岸海域环境变化趋势。研究表明:除营养盐浓度明显增加外,其他因子没有明显变化,说明近期的海洋工程对天津近岸海域的环境影响不大。     

黔中开阳地区南华系澄江组古环境演化及意义

为查明贵州开阳极乐南华系澄江组的沉积环境演化过程、物质来源。对开阳磷矿极乐矿段南华系澄江组剖面进行详细的野外考察,并开展沉积学、矿物学、主量、微量和稀土元素地球化学特征研究。结果表明:澄江组岩样SiO_2含量为65.56%～78.45%,结合岩矿鉴定结果认为岩性主要为石英岩屑砂岩;其Al_2O_3/SiO_2值和TiO_2含量自下而上呈逐渐减小趋势;其Sr/Cu值平均为13.15,显示为干旱炎热气候;其沉积环境参数主要指标Th/U2,V/Cr2,δCe1,δEu1,均显示澄江组水体为氧化环境。∑REE为152.28～266.23μg/g,呈轻稀土富集,重稀土亏损,其配分模式与青白口系清水江组一致。综合认为:澄江组整套岩层水平层理发育,表明沉积区水体相对安静,总体为湖相沉积。其早至中—晚期水体深度由深变浅,至末期为浅滩环境。沉积物质可能来源于青白口系清水江组。沉积期间的古气候环境为干旱炎热,水体盐度自早到晚期持续上升,总体为氧化环境。澄江时期沉积的厚大泥沙建造,为后期陡山沱期形成无障壁浅滩缓坡相环境提供了物质基础。     

东南极拉斯曼丘陵夕线石榴二长片麻岩的格林威尔期变质作用和构造意义

东南极拉斯曼丘陵出露的中-高级变质岩是普里兹湾基底岩系的主要组成部分,是研究普里兹湾高级区组成与演化的理想对象。本文对拉斯曼丘陵米洛半岛地区的夕线石榴二长片麻岩进行了岩石学、相平衡模拟和地质年代学研究。研究结果表明拉斯曼丘陵夕线石榴二长片麻岩矿物组合为石榴子石+堇青石+斜长石+钛铁矿+夕线石+石英±黑云母±钾长石,经历了格林威尔期(～980Ma)高温变质,其峰期阶段(M1)的矿物组合为石榴子石+斜长石+钾长石+钛铁矿+夕线石+石英,变质温压条件为:～820℃、～9. 6kbar。夕线石榴二长片麻岩的岩浆锆石比变质锆石具有更低的LREE和更高的HREE含量,其原岩的沉积年龄不早于～1073Ma,物源主要为中元古代岩浆岩(S-型花岗岩)。拉斯曼丘陵在格林威尔期经历了陆-陆碰撞,进而快速折返、剥蚀作用的过程。     

水下无人集群协同态势感知技术要点初探

水下无人集群的作战运用与相关技术研究方兴未艾,水下无人集群协同态势生成是水下无人集群作战的基础,是水下无人集群协同决策和协同打击的重要前提。此外,水下无人集群作战效果的评估也需要通过对战场态势的再认知来评价。从水下无人集群的作战使用出发梳理了水下无人集群态势生成的需求,分析了在态势生成过程中态势要素表示、目标识别、态势推理以及群体认知等方面面临的主要困难,最后针对性地提出了技术路线和实现路径,为后续更深入和广泛的研究提供了思路。