中心外缺陷对带隙型光子晶体光纤色散特性的影响

利用时域有限差分法(FDTD)模拟仿真了在中心缺陷外出现点缺陷、空气柱位错和内层空气柱发生形变三种缺陷形态对光子带隙型光子晶体光纤(PBG-PCF)色散特性的影响.发现一方面缺陷的出现会使色散曲线趋于平坦,另一方面点缺陷和位错缺陷的出现会使零色散点向长波移动,内层空气柱的形变使零色散点向短波长移动.这对PBG-PCF的实际生产实践会有指导意义.     

奇异谱分析方法在夏季降雨预测中的应用

运用奇异谱分析方法对石家庄市83年降水进行了统计分析，结果表明：石家庄市近百年夏季降水的趋势变化不太显著，主要以波动变化为主，主振荡周期分别为5－6年、10年左右及30－40年左右的长周期变化，各重建分量振幅、位相具有明显的年代际变化。利用重建分量进行降水趋势预测，1998－2001年试报表明，效果较好。     

利用验潮站数据进行三种潮汐模型的精度分析

采用全球分布的565个验潮站水位资料对NAO.99b,CSR4.0和TPXO7.2三种潮汐模型进行精度评估。结果表明:在全球海洋范围内,NAO.99b模型精度最高;在黄海海域,TPXO7.2模型的精度最高;在东海和南海海域,则是NAO.99b模型最优;在深海海域,三种模型精度差异不大;在浅海海域,采用同化方法的潮汐模型比采用经验方法的潮汐模型更有优势。     

滩涂水边线Landsat-5影像提取方法以长江口崇明东滩为例

快速获取遥感影像水边线时空变化信息具有重要意义,滩涂水边线提取一直是遥感技术应用的难点问题。水边线在遥感影像上具有独特的空间关系与光谱特征。本文综合使用颜色模型变换法、信息熵计算法、最大类间方差法及边缘检测方法。以长江口崇明东滩为研究区,研究了Landsat-5卫星影像海陆对比度增强及不同尺度下的边缘提取,重点给出了基于热红外波段的水边线空间特征与光谱特征的计算方法,在面向对象技术框架下提出了一种顾及空间关系和光谱特征的遥感影像水边线快速提取方法。实验结果表明：(1)基于最大类间方差法的局部阈值分割法能够自动提取band 6的水边线,水边线连续、完整,空间信息丰富;(2)综合使用最佳指数法、离散度方法及颜色模型变换方法,能够有效增强海陆对比度,基于最大类间方差法的局部自适应Canny算子能够自动检测出增强后遥感影像高精度边缘;(3)利用水边线的空间关系和光谱特征,能够由计算机自动实现水边线的识别与连接工作;(4)本文提出的水边线提取方法速度快、自动化程度高,分别继承了阈值分割法的连续性强的优点和Canny算子定位精度高、细节呈现能力强的优势。研究结果对于海岸带动态变化、陆海相互作用机制、海岸带资源保护与开发及近海工程管理等研究具有重要的参考价值。     

浙江近岸海域悬浮颗粒物中磷的赋存形态及分布特征研究

磷元素是海洋基础营养盐之一,其赋存形态及分布直接影响海区的初级生产力,是海洋生物地球化学循环的重要驱动力。但大河河口与近海等重要的水生关键带水动力循环过程复杂,导致悬浮颗粒物(SPM )中磷元素的赋存形态和分布特征变化多端,亟须深入研究。根据2016年春季(4−5月)、夏季(7月)和秋季(9−10月)对浙江近岸海域的调查结果,本研究分析了浙江近岸海域SPM中总磷(TPP)、无机磷(PIP)和有机磷(POP)的含量水平、空间分布特征和影响因素。结果表明,浙江近岸海域SPM中TPP含量范围为0.13～66.13 μmol/L,均值为3.35 μmol/L;PIP含量范围为0.03～34.19 μmol/L,均值为1.97 μmol/L;POP含量范围为0.06～31.94 μmol/L,均值为1.39 μmol/L。PIP是浙江近岸海域水体中TPP的主要存在形式,占52.3%。春季浙江近岸海域表层TPP含量占总磷(TP)含量的19.3%～97.7%。春、秋季的SPM中,TPP、PIP和POP含量空间分布相似,均呈现由内湾向外海逐渐降低的变化趋势。PIP、POP与SPM呈显著的正相关性,表现出高SPM含量的海区有着较高的颗粒态磷含量,说明其受陆源输入的影响。春季盐度大于28且SPM含量小于20 mg/L的外侧远海海域,POP与Chl a的相关系数和斜率均明显高于PIP与Chl a的相关系数和斜率,说明该区域浮游植物是POP的主要贡献来源。     

高效非损伤性扇贝DN A提取方法的建立及效果评价

本研究建立了一种高效、经济的非损伤性扇贝DNA提取方法,在不影响扇贝个体生存状态的前提下,采用擦拭法和室温裂解相结合的方式在20 min内即可获得个体基因组DNA。以虾夷扇贝(Patinopecten yessoensis)、栉孔扇贝(Chlamys farreri)和海湾扇贝(Argopecten irradians)为实验对象,研究了不同擦拭材料(棉签、滤纸)和不同擦拭部位(外套膜、鳃丝、内脏团)的核酸提取效果,评估了本方法在贝类基因分型领域应用的可行性。研究表明,用棉签、滤纸2种材料擦拭扇贝的鳃丝、内脏团或外套膜组织均能获得主带清晰完整的基因组DNA,且不影响扇贝的存活状态。在3种扇贝中采用棉签擦拭法的DNA得率均高于滤纸法,以这2种方式获得的DNA为模板进行SSR和SNP标记分析,能获得均一稳定的扩增条带,SSR标记分型结果准确可靠。本研究建立了简便、快速进行扇贝基因型分析的非损伤性DNA提取方法,为贝类全基因组选育和珍稀贝类资源的种质保护开发提供了新的技术手段。     

The Global Distribution of Diapycnal Mixing and Mixing Coefficient Tensor in the Upper 2000m Ocean from Argo Observations

Diapycnal Mixing (DM) within the upper 2000m of the global ocean is calculated by a fine-scale parameterization using the multiyear-mean density gridded product that created by employing all the Argo float observations to date through the recently published equation of seawater TEOS-10. The geographic distribution of Argo-derived DM derived in this study is spatial-dependent and varies with latitude and depth. The magnitude and pattern of DM is favorably validated by comparisons with previous studies. Furthermore, the mixing coefficient tensor K is calculated and analyzed. Components of the tensor fitting for the geopotential coordinate models are also presented. It is found that the tensor components in horizontal direction, K_xx and K_yy, have similar magnitude and distribution pattern. In the vertical, K_zz is enhanced over regions with rough topography and strong wind (e.g., Westerly region), suggesting agreement with previous estimates. This work presents a scheme to estimate the DM and mixing coefficient tensor using Argo observations, and offers a useful Argo-based mixing product for the purpose of promoting the study and modeling of ocean circulation and other processes.     

Seasonal and interannual variability of oceanic carbon cycling in the western and central tropical-subtropical pacific: A physical-biogeochemical modeling study

The oceanic carbon cycle in the tropical-subtropical Pacific is strongly affected by various physical processes with different temporal and spatial scales, yet the mechanisms that regulate air-sea CO₂ flux are not fully understood due to the paucity of both measurement and modeling. Using a 3-D physical-biogeochemical model, we simulate the partial pressure of CO₂ in surface water (pCO_2sea) and air-sea CO₂ flux in the tropical and subtropical regions from 1990 to 2004. The model reproduces well the observed spatial differences in physical and biogeochemical processes, such as: (1) relatively higher sea surface temperature (SST), and lower dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) and pCO_2sea in the western than in the central tropical-subtropical Pacific, and (2) predominantly seasonal and interannual variations in the subtropical and tropical Pacific, respectively. Our model results suggest a non-negligible contribution of the wind variability to that of the air-sea CO₂ flux in the central tropical Pacific, but the modeled contribution of 7% is much less than that from a previous modeling study (30%; McKinley et al., 2004). While DIC increases in the entire region SST increases in the subtropical and western tropical Pacific but decreases in the central tropical Pacific from 1990 to 2004. As a result, the interannual pCO_2sea variability is different in different regions. The pCO_2sea temporal variation is found to be primarily controlled by SST and DIC, although the role of salinity and total alkalinity, both of which also control pCO_2sea, need to be elucidated by long-term observations and eddy-permitting models for better estimation of the interannual variability of air-sea CO₂ flux.     

Effect of slow-solvent-vapour treatment on performance of polymer photovoltaic devices

In this work, enhanced poly(3-hexylthiophene):[6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (P3HT:PCBM) bulk-heterojunction photovoltaic devices are achieved via slow-solvent-vapour treatment. The correlations between the morphology of the active layer and the photovoltaic performance of polymer-based solar cell are investigated. The active layers are characterized by atomic force microscopy and optical absorption. The results show that slow-solvent-vapour treatment can induce P3HT self-organization into an ordered structure, leading to the enhanced absorption and efficient charge transport.     

正理庄高89-1区块CO2混相驱参数优化数值模拟研究

为了确保高89-1区块CO2混相驱项目的顺利实施,依据该区块的精细油藏描述成果,在优化适于CO2混相驱模型基础上,建立了符合油藏地质特点的三维地质模型。在此基础上对开发指标进行计算,对五个参数（井网、开发方式、压力水平、注入量和采油速度）进行优化,并提出了推荐方案,预测采收率可达23.10%,比弹性开采方式提高15.16%。