云南天文台主楼局域网(intranet)的建设

详细描述了云南天文台主楼局域网的建设。并详细的讨论了一些技术细节。     

招平断裂带中段深部结构构造——来自地震剖面的证据

玲珑花岗岩岩基东侧的招平断裂带是胶西北矿集区的主要控矿构造之一。布设于招平断裂带中段大尹格庄矿区的地震剖面,揭示了招平断裂带中段深部的结构构造特征,地震剖面显示,玲珑岩基内部有多个类似"拱弧构造"的岩浆侵入形成的弧形界面,由此推测存在2~3期的岩浆活动。剖面显示了3期构造组合样式,第1期为以招平断裂带和宋家河断裂为组合倾向SE的铲式断裂,底部似汇入统一的构造滑脱带;第2期为倾向NW的错断了招平断裂带的反倾伸展断裂;第3期为NE向延伸以花状构造为特征的走滑断裂。前两期反映构造发育处于伸展环境,第3期显示为左行走滑。招平断裂带深部延伸存在分支复合现象,形成由2个主裂面夹持的透镜状岩片。地震反射剖面数据的获得对深刻理解该区域中生代岩浆构造演化过程和深部找矿具有重要的借鉴意义。     

Assessment of groundwater recharge processes through karst vadose zone by cave percolation monitoring

Recharge processes of karst aquifers are difficult to assess given their strong heterogeneity and the poorly known effect of vadose zone on infiltration. However, recharge assessment is crucial for the evaluation of groundwater resources. Moreover, the vulnerability of karst aquifers depends on vadose zone behaviour because it is the place where most contamination takes place. In this work, an in situ experimental approach was performed to identify and quantify flow and storage processes occurring in karst vadose zone. Cave percolation monitoring and dye tracing were used to investigate unsaturated zone hydrological processes. Two flow components (diffuse and quick) were identified and, respectively, account for 66% and 34% of the recharge. Quickflow was found to be the result of bypass phenomenon in vadose zone related to water saturation. We identify the role of epikarst as a shunting area, most of the storage in the vadose zone occurring via the diffuse flow component in low permeability zones. Relationship between rainfall intensity and transit velocity was demonstrated, with 5 times higher velocities for the quick recharge mode than the diffuse mode. Modelling approach with KarstMod software allowed to simulate the hybrid recharge through vadose zone and shows promising chances to properly assess the recharge processes in karst aquifer based on simple physical models.     

Coronal index of solar activity VIII, years 1992–1994

The coronal index of solar activity over the period 1992–1994 is given. The data are a good tool to study solar activity, for the Sun as a star, in the solar corona over a solar cycle and its influence in the heliosphere.     

中山市河涌水体及污水处理厂中 合成麝香的分布规律

对中山市5个区域的48条主要河涌水体与2间污水处理厂各工艺流程水体进行样品采集,运用固相微萃取进行前处理并结合气相色谱—质谱联用技术,检测各样品中佳乐麝香、吐纳麝香和酮麝香这3种合成麝香的含量,并分析其分布特征以及探讨污水处理厂处理工艺中合成麝香的浓度变化规律。结果表明：1）合成麝香已经普遍存在于中山市的河涌水体中。中山市西部地区和南部地区的河涌水体中合成麝香总含量相对其他区域最低,中部地区河涌水体中合成麝香含量亦较低。2）中山市雁企涌和魁魁涌等28条河涌水体中的主要合成麝香为佳乐麝香,一埒涌和乌沙涌等13条河涌水体的主要合成麝香为酮麝香,仅有苏埒涌和石军涌等7条河涌水体的主要合成麝香为佳乐麝香和酮麝香这2种合成麝香。3）氧化沟和A2/O工艺均能对合成麝香产生一定的去除效果。污水处理厂A对佳乐麝香、吐纳麝香和酮麝香的去除率分别为86.94%、72.15%和89.36%;而污水处理厂B对以上3种合成麝香的去除率分别为82.09%、85.73%和87.90%。4）2间污水处理厂的二沉池以及污水处理厂A的紫外消毒亦可对合成麝香产生进一步的去除效果;2间污水处理厂均能对酮麝香产生比佳乐麝香和吐纳麝香更高的去除率。     

恩平凹陷恩平组下段成岩过程分析与储层动态评价

恩平凹陷恩平组下段现今埋深超过3 800 m,处于中成岩B期,客观评价恩平组下段的勘探潜力及有利目标是深入勘探的重要前提。通过大量铸体薄片、普通薄片、扫描电镜等分析,划分了恩平凹陷恩平组的成岩序列,找出了影响储层物性的主控成岩作用,认为压实作用是孔喉衰减的主导因素,有机酸性流体溶蚀作用是孔隙度局部回升的主要原因。根据恩平凹陷埋藏史、地热史、成岩过程分析建立了恩平组的孔隙度演化模式,在关键时期恩平组下段处于中成岩A期的晚期,该时期的古孔隙度平均值约10%,孔喉已经比较细小,不利于酸性流体的改造和油气的大量充注。在上述工作的基础上,运用沉积相、成岩相结合的方法对恩平组下段储层进行了动态评价,处于凹陷南斜坡的PY14 5 1井附近地区压实较弱,物性较好,是油气运聚的有利区带,其它地区成岩强度较高,只能作为天然气勘探的目标。     

MLP在雷达定量降水估测中的应用

通过临近时次、临近空间降水回波性质相似假设,以人工智能技术结合快速动态分级法(Fast Dynamic Categorical method,FDC)为核心,设计广西区域分钟级雷达定量降水估测产品模型。在单部雷达估测降水时,分两层三次使用感知器寻求合理的降水类型分类Z-I关系,首先将FDC看为一种多分类算法,根据单站雷达各级回波的降水估测结果误差将回波区内的站点分为强站点和弱站点两类,然后分别对这两类站点再次使用FDC建立新的强、弱两类Z-I关系。在多部雷达组网联合估测定量降水时,将各雷达估测值等权重看待,将单部雷达估测作为一个分支,通过连结方式构建一个多层感知器(Multilayer Perceptron,MLP)。无站点回波区采用K近邻算法(K-Nearest Neighbor,KNN)选择合适的MLP求得的Z-I关系估算降水量。对2019年3—10月试验产品进行检验分析,结果表明以区域站组成的训练组小时降水相关系数达0.973 7,以国家级气象台站组成的测试组相关系数达0.825 6。     

四川盆地北部下三叠统飞仙关组层序地层分析

为了探讨礁滩储集岩的分布规律,以层序地层学理论与方法系统研究了四川盆地北部下三叠统飞仙关组地层。通过露头、岩芯、测井、地震数据综合分析,识别出两个三级层序及四个准层序组,确定蒸发台地、局限台地、开阔台地、台地边缘滩、斜坡和盆地相六类沉积类型。层序划分及层序界面的确定,依据陆上暴露和向上变浅两个方面的识别标志。暴露界面表现为泥岩表面干裂,淡水选择性溶蚀、白云化现象,白云岩、石膏,伽玛曲线高值。向上变浅层序有向上变厚、变粗序列,向上变细、变泥、变红序列,向上γ值变低序列。对比发现高水位体系域后期发育台地边缘鲕滩和台地内鲕滩。广泛白云岩化作用的台地边缘鲕滩相,具有很好的孔渗性,成为最有利的储集层。对指导进一步的勘探与开发具有重要意义。     

A priori fully populated covariance matrices in least-squares adjustment—case study: GPS relative positioning

In this contribution, using the example of the Mátern covariance matrices, we study systematically the effect of apriori fully populated variance covariance matrices (VCM) in the Gauss–Markov model, by varying both the smoothness and the correlation length of the covariance function. Based on simulations where we consider a GPS relative positioning scenario with double differences, the true VCM is exactly known. Thus, an accurate study of parameters deviations with respect to the correlation structure is possible. By means of the mean-square error difference of the estimates obtained with the correct and the assumed VCM, the loss of efficiency when the correlation structure is missspecified is considered. The bias of the variance of unit weight is moreover analysed. By acting independently on the correlation length, the smoothness, the batch length, the noise level, or the design matrix, simulations allow to draw conclusions on the influence of these different factors on the least-squares results. Thanks to an adapted version of the Kermarrec–Schön model, fully populated VCM for GPS phase observations are computed where different correlation factors are resumed in a global covariance model with an elevation dependent weighting. Based on the data of the EPN network, two studies for different baseline lengths validate the conclusions of the simulations on the influence of the Mátern covariance parameters. A precise insight into the impact of apriori correlation structures when the VCM is entirely unknown highlights that both the correlation length and the smoothness defined in the Mátern model are important to get a lower loss of efficiency as well as a better estimation of the variance of unit weight. Consecutively, correlations, if present, should not be neglected for accurate test statistics. Therefore, a proposal is made to determine a mean value of the correlation structure based on a rough estimation of the Mátern parameters via maximum likelihood estimation for some chosen time series of observations. Variations around these mean values show to have little impact on the least-squares results. At the estimates level, the effect of varying the parameters of the fully populated VCM around these approximated values was confirmed to be nearly negligible (i.e. a mm level for strong correlations and a submm level otherwise).     

基于变化向量分析（CVA）的土地利用／覆盖变化动态监测（Ⅱ）—变化类型的确定方法

以光谱直接比较为基础的变化向量分析法是一种非常有效的土地利用／覆盖变化动态监测方法，在双窗口变步长阈值搜寻方法确定变化和非变化像元的基础上，提出了参考图像分类并结合变化向量方向余弦最小距离分类的变化类型确定方法，同时应用该方法在北京市海淀区进行了实验研究，得到了较为理想的结果。变化类型的判断精度达到70％以上，显示了新方法的优越性和技术可行性。