基于陆海统筹的海岸线保护与利用管理

为提高我国海岸线保护与利用管理水平,促进陆海统筹和海洋生态文明建设,文章概述我国海岸线及其管理,分析目前海岸线管理存在的问题及其产生的原因,并提出对策建议。研究结果表明:海岸线是陆域和海域的分界线,具有资源和生态价值,我国根据海岸线修测成果对其保护与利用进行管理;目前我国海岸线管理存在海岸线划定缺乏统一性和科学性,对海岸线修测成果贯彻不力,对海岸线管理政策落实不足以及海岸线开发利用失序、失度和失衡等问题,主要原因包括新发展理念尚未牢固树立、法律体系尚未健全、自然资源统一监管格局尚未形成、管理制度尚未完善以及占用海岸线的历史遗留问题尚未妥善解决;对此,我国应全面深入推进海洋生态文明建设,完善法律体系,构建陆海统筹的监管体系,加强制度建设、能力建设和信息化建设,妥善解决历史遗留问题,科学合理开发利用海岸线以及形成海岸线管理的监督合力。     

破裂长度、地震矩及地震应力降与震级关系的讨论

目前,对于地震矩及地震应力降与震级的关系存在着不同的看法。本文就此问题进行简单的讨论。对于大地震而言,可以近似地认为地震应力降与震级无关。但这种关系不能简单的外推到中小地震中,即使对于同一震级范围,上述参数也还存在着区域性的差异。下面给出一些理论分析结果和实测数据的实例。     

粤西云开岩群的建立——云开地区前泥盆纪变质地层的再认识

根据最新1∶5万区域地质调查成果,认为粤西云开地区前泥盆纪变质地层属一套总体有序、局部无序的构造地层单位系统,因此建议新建云开岩群。依据叠覆关系,又将其划分为新垌岩组、帅堂岩组、山美岩组、清垌岩组4个岩组。各岩组间以顺层韧性剪切变形带为界面,空间分布主要受第一期北西向褶皱控制。云开岩群适用于整个粤西云开地区,前人所建立的"云开群"及"高州岩群"实为同一套岩层,即云开岩群。     

黄河中游内蒙三个地段水体中天然配体与重金属络合容量研究

于1990年10月 - 1992年7月在室内条件下测定黄河中游乌拉特前旗、包头黄河大桥及清水河地段水体中天然配体与铜、铅、锌、镉反应的络会容量（C?C），计算总条件稳定常数（K）和络合容量指数（I）。实验证明：乌拉特前旗水体中络合客量最大，包头和清水河相近。络合容量顺序为：Cu＞Zn＞Cd＞Pb，和可溶性有机碳及碳酸盐分析结果一致。总条件稳定常数为：K_PbL最大，K_CuL，K_ZnL，K_CdL相近。和长江水做了比较。络合容量指数在IgK相近情况下，随络合容量增大而增大。     

A review of geochemical background concepts and an example using data from Poland

One of the most crucial issues of recent environmental sciences is the topic of background concentrations of elements and organic compounds in various abiotic and biotic systems. The relationship between natural and anthropogenically altered concentrations of chemical species is a question that involves many implications in the geosciences, environmental and biological sciences, toxicology, and other related disciplines. This is especially important when interpreting geochemical and biogeochemical anomalies of toxic elements and/or organic compounds in various media. To better understand the potential impact of hazardous substances in the environment, we must become more familiar with their spatial and temporal distribution and with their behavior under different physico-chemical and biotic conditions. This review presents an assessment of the geochemical background concept as used by various authors. Different assumptions and approaches to this topic are presented, including direct, statistical, and integrated methods. Based on the results derived from geochemical and biogeochemical studies performed in selected forest ecosystems of Poland, an integrated method is presented. As a consequence of data processing, a normal distribution of data points was obtained using an iterative 2σ-technique. This method of estimating geochemical background is feasible and can be used for setting environmental quality standards or for studying the impact of anthropogenic pollution sources on the environment.     

漫滩恒定明渠水流的三维数值模拟

采用Naot-Rodi代数应力模型(N-R模型),结合非均匀交错网格下的混合有限分析法(HFAM)来计算漫滩水流的三维流动。为了得到稳定的收敛解,作了两点改进:其一为非均匀网格中数值离散的导数项二阶格式的引入;其二为复式断面分块耦合技术的采用。给出了漫滩水流主流速等值线、二次流的断面分布、垂线平均流速的横向分布以及主槽与全断面流量比随相对水深的变化规律。部分结果与实验资料的对比,表明NR模型和HFAM能较好地用于研究漫滩水流流速、流量和水位的关系。     

高原多年冻土地区遥感图像工程地质分区的探讨

简要叙述了利用遥感图像进行高原多年冻土工程地质分区的优越性,将高原多年冻土工程地质分区分为 3个大区和 10个亚区,着重叙述高原多年冻土工程地质分区判释特征,对判释特征进行了较系统的归纳,并以实例说明遥感工程地质分区判释在青藏铁路线方案比选中的作用。     

南京地铁许府巷站深基坑工程与监测

南京许府巷地铁站深基坑工程采用地下连续墙围护，明挖顺做法施工。地下连续墙接头采用预制钢筋砼接头桩连接止水，两端头井辅以深层搅拌桩加固地基。基坑开挖时进行墙体位移、轴力、临近建筑物沉降变形监测，保证了安全施工。     

Metallogeny of gold in the Fennoscandian Shield

Gold occurs in a number of different ore types in the Fennoscandian Shield ranging in age from Late Archean to Late Proterozoic. Until recently, the metal was exploited primarily as a byproduct in volcanogenic massive sulphide deposits but during the 1980s more gold mines have been opened than during any other episode in the mining history of northern Europe. The occurrence of gold in the Fennoscandian Shield is reviewed in the context of the major tectonostratigraphic units: