繁殖季节彩虹鲨卵巢发育的组织学研究

对繁殖季节彩虹鲨卵巢的结构进行显微观察。结果表明,繁殖季节彩虹鲨卵巢,大多处于Ⅳ期和Ⅴ期,少数处于Ⅲ期。在Ⅳ和Ⅴ期卵巢中,Ⅱ～Ⅵ时相的卵母细胞同时存在,说明彩虹鲨为分批产卵类型。Ⅱ时相卵母细胞出现卵黄核,Ⅲ时相卵母细胞出现放射膜和皮质液泡,Ⅳ时相卵母细胞的受精孔和精孔细胞明显。     

基于零膨胀贝叶斯时空建模的精细尺度伪基站垃圾短信分析方法

伪基站垃圾短信活动存在显著的时空自相关和异质性现象,采用时空分析方法可以精准把握伪基站的移动规律和行为模式,为相关部门综合施策、探索长效管理机制提供科学的依据。然而,精细尺度下垃圾短信数据集中过多零数据导致的零膨胀问题,使当前的时空分析方法并不适用。为此,本文以2017年2月23日至2017年4月26日北京市色情服务类垃圾短信数据为例,构建零膨胀贝叶斯时空模型,不仅可以解决零膨胀问题,而且可以综合分析伪基站的空间、时间、时空效应以及外部影响因素,以识别伪基站活动的相对风险高值区、探究城市建成环境对其的影响。结果发现：在数据集中零值占比高达83.46%的情况下,基于零膨胀泊松分布的贝叶斯时空模型具有更好的拟合精度;色情服务类垃圾短信空间上的高风险区域主要聚集在北京市主城区的东部,风险值最高的区域属于朝阳区;周四、五、六风险趋势会相对增加,且18:00至次日02:00为高发时期;伪基站一般18:00从主城区的西南部开始向东北方向移动,凌晨01:00聚集在朝阳区西北部区域;商务住宅与住宿服务类城市环境与垃圾短信呈正相关,餐饮服务与派出所类城市环境呈负相关。研究表明,零膨胀贝叶斯时空模型为精细...     

Multi-objective fitting of concentration-discharge relationships

Concentration–discharge ($C–Q$) relationships are widely used to assess the link between hydrological and biogeochemical processes at the catchment scale. $C–Q$ relationships are mainly calibrated using mono-objective methods to represent, either concentrations or discharge-weighted concentrations (i.e., load). Based on its wide use in hydrological modelling, we test a multi-objective calibration for the $C–Q$ relationship parameters, using both concentration and load, and compare it to a mono-objective calibration applied on either concentrations or load. This work is carried out on a high-frequency dataset (ORACLE-Orgeval Observatory, France). Our findings show that the multi-objective calibration yield a better representation of $C–Q$ relationships parameters during the high and low-flow events. The multi-objective calibration can be used for all forms of $C–Q$ relationships and avoids issues of under-representation of dilution processes characterized by high-discharge, low-concentration periods.     

Effect of hot desert weathering on the bulk‐rock iron isotope composition of L6 and H5 ordinary chondrites

Abstract– Although iron isotopes are increasingly used for meteorites studies, no attempt has been made to evaluate the effect of terrestrial weathering on this isotopic tracer. We have thus conducted a petrographic, chemical, and iron isotopic study of equilibrated ordinary chondrites (OC) recovered from hot Moroccan and Algerian Saharan deserts environment. As previously noticed, we observe that terrestrial desertic weathering is characterized by the oxidation of Fe‐Ni metal (Fe⁰), sulfide and Fe²⁺ occurring in olivine and pyroxene. It produces Fe‐oxides and oxyhydroxides that partially replace metal, sulfide grains and also fill fractures. The bulk chemical compositions of the ordinary chondrites studied show a strong Sr and Ba enrichment and a S depletion during weathering. Bulk meteoritic iron isotope compositions are well correlated with the degree of weathering and S, Sr, and Ba contents. Most weathered chondrites display the heaviest isotopic composition, by up to 0.1‰, which is of similar magnitude to the isotopic variations resulting from meteorite parent bodies’ formation and evolution. This is probably due to the release of isotopically light Fe²⁺ to waters on the Earth’s surface. Hence, when subtle Fe isotopic effects have to be studied in chondrites, meteorites with weathering grade above W2 should be avoided.     

结露自动化观测装置及试验研究

文章介绍了一套结露自动化观测装置,由CCD图像传感器、露采集器和处理器构成。露采集器由三层带有磨砂区域的玻璃片组成,CCD图像传感器获取玻璃片的图像传送给处理器,结露时磨砂区域与未磨砂区域亮度差值发生变化,处理器自动提取亮度差值及变化信息,识别结露是否发生,从而实现对结露的自动化观测。为了定量分析自动化结露观测装置的性能,设计了观测试验,利用温湿度计观测露采集器附近的温湿度,分析研究湿度与亮度差值及结露的关系,试验结果表明,相对湿度大于97．9％时开始结露,玻片亮度归一化差值迅速降低。结露的信息获取率百分之百,结露自动识别率大于85％。     

近30年西藏汛期强降水事件的时空变化特征

利用1980-2008年汛期(5～9月)西藏38个气象站逐日降水量资料,定义了西藏强降水标准,并采用REOF、SSA等统计方法,分析了汛期强降水发生频次的时空分布特征。结果表明,西藏地区汛期强降水发生频数自东南向西北逐渐减少,但总体呈不明显的增多趋势,即从20世纪80年代中期开始减少,90年代中期降至最少,之后逐渐增多;频数存在5个异常分布空间型,即南部型、沿江型、东部型、北部型和东南部型。各空间型的强降水发生频数随时间变化均不同,其中南部型、东南部型表现为减少趋势;沿江型、东部型和北部型表现为增多趋势。汛期强降水发生频数的准2～3年和准5～6年周期在5个异常空间型普遍存在。     

三维油气管道初选定线系统设计与实现

针对设计人员在油气管道初选定线时对三维信息的关注及二维油气管道初选定线方案在此方面的不足,基于GoogleEarthComAPI和KML语言,提出了在GoogleEarth上分割加载高分辨率影像数据的方法,及基于KML语言扩展管道要素属性描述的方案,最后以某石油勘察设计单位油气管道初选定线系统为例进行了开发实现。     

西藏地区人体舒适度指数的变化特征

采用1980～2009年西藏地区38个气象站的观测资料,分析了该地区人体舒适度指数的时空分布特征。结果表明:(1)无论年或者季节变化,舒适度指数均呈现从东南向西北方向逐渐减少的分布规律,普遍舒适的区域主要位于西藏南部和东南部地区;近30a来西藏地区人体舒适度指数呈现显著增加的趋势;舒适度指数与海拔高度、纬度、温度和相对湿度密切相关;(2)从舒适日数来看,西藏地区基本处于冷或偏冷、凉或偏凉的舒适度状态,寒冷和普遍舒适的日数较少;近30a来西藏地区1级和2级不舒适天数呈现逐渐减少趋势,3级、4级不舒适天数和5级舒适天数呈现逐渐增加的趋势;(3)从适合旅游的舒适天数来看,西北部以6～9月为适宜旅游月份,中部以5～9月或10月为适宜旅游月份,过渡到东南部地区以5～9月或10月为适宜旅游月份,甚至可以提前到4月;旅游适宜月份数和天数由北向南呈逐渐增加的趋势。     

铜仁坝黄震旦系老堡组顶部晶屑凝灰岩SHRIMP锆石U Pb年龄及其地质意义

对于元古宙—显生宙的沉积—构造转换,前人做了大量研究工作,但一直以来未能获得较为一致的认识。野外调查发现,在处于上扬子东南缘台地与盆地相区的过渡带上的贵州铜仁坝黄长坪附近震旦系老堡组顶部硅质岩中,发育有一层10～20cm厚的凝灰岩夹层,岩石学研究也证实其为一层晶屑凝灰岩,并对其进行了SHRIMP锆石 UPb年龄测定,获得556±5Ma沉积年龄。结合前人生物地层学、沉积学等研究成果,显示处于深水陆棚相区的老堡组顶部硅质岩与页岩互层段为扬子克拉通元古宙—显生宙之交沉积—构造转换过程中的一次重要的沉积事件,该沉积事件始于556Ma左右,可与扬子克拉通上的广泛的火山事件相对应,且可能与约550Ma时Rodinia超大陆最后裂解和Iapetus洋的形成有关。     

Numerical modeling of soil–structure interface of a concrete-faced rockfill dam

Concrete-faced rockfill dams (CFRD) are widely used in large-scale hydraulic projects. The face slab, the key seepage-proof structure of great concern, has a strong interaction with the neighboring gravel cushion layer due to a significant difference in their stiffness. An elasto-plasticity damage interface element, a numerical format of the EPDI model, is described for numerical analysis of a CFRD that can trace the separation and re-contact between the face slab and the cushion layer at the interface. As verified by simulating slide block and direct shear interface tests, this element was confirmed to capture effectively the primary monotonic and cyclic behaviors of the interface. This element can easily be extended to the finite element method (FEM) programs that involve the Goodman interface element. The analysis of a typical CFRD showed that the interface model describes a significant effect on the stress response of the face slab under different conditions, including dam construction, water storage, and earthquake. Treatments of the cushion layer, such as an asphalt layer, changed the behavior of the interface between it and the face slab, which resulted in a significant effect on the stress response of the face slab. The top of the face slab exhibited a significant separation from the cushion layer during construction, induced mainly by construction of the neighboring dam body.