云南安宁禄脿小村锰铁矿矿床成因及找矿标志

昆阳群美党组军哨段中亚段第二层砂质板岩为铁锰矿源层,严格受地层层位控制,具有后期改造特征,属沉积—改造—层控矿床。     

压裂微震数据的快速读取及可视化

压裂微震数据采集具有采样时间长,以及采样间隔小的特点,采集得到的数据量很大。因此数据的读取和显示,需要一些特殊的方法,进而能有效地分析数据中的微震事件。针对微震数据的特点,这里运用LOD(Level of Detail)和内存映射,来实现微震数据快速读取和可视化,为精确反演微震事件奠定了基础。     

新疆西南部塔什库尔干地区赞坎铁矿综合信息预测模型及其在区域预测中的应用

赞坎铁矿位于塔什库尔干古元古界陆块中,受古元古界布伦阔勒群中深变质岩系的控制,属沉积变质型铁矿,具有明显的区域高磁和化探异常。在总结赞坎铁矿综合信息预测模型的基础上,利用区域地质、航磁、化探资料,提出了赞坎、苏巴什、提孜那甫找矿靶区,进而圈出了赞坎-苏巴什铁矿成矿带。     

北京市平原区下伏泥砂砾石层特征及成因探讨

北京市平原区下伏的泥砂砾石层发现较早,但对其成因一直存在着争议。本文通过对最新钻探资料的分析,经系统的古地磁样品测试,发现泥砂砾石层最早形成于上新世,距今约三百万年,这一时期的砾石层分布最广,厚度很大。此后更新世、全新世也有砾石层形成,但分布范围和厚度都显著减小。资料表明,上新世北京地区气候比较温暖湿润,不存在形成冰川沉积物的条件,此外第四纪的泥砾石层的分布和层位也与第四纪冰期的划分不能对应。北京市平原区下伏泥砂砾石层具有泥石流成因的基本特点,综合各种资料分析,应主要是洪水泥石流成因。     

地学数据集成的理论基础与集成体系

地球空间数据 (简称地学数据 )来源的拓宽、更新手段的发展和应用领域的扩大使数据集成或集成使用的研究和实用化成为必需。简单地理解 ,地学数据集成是指不同来源、不同性状数据在相同环境下的使用。地学数据是对地理现象和过程及过程时空特征认知基础上的表达 ,地学数据集成的基础主要表现在 :地理现象和过程的空间和时间统一性、地学过程时空过程的连续性、地学现象和过程的层次性、地学数据认知的一致性、依赖于元数据的地学数据的透明性、数据内容和形式的相对独立性等 ;在此基础上 ,作者在论文中描述了基于地学知识和地理信息系统功能的地学数据集成概念模型和过程 ,并对地学数据集成过程中涉及到的问题进行了说明。     

球载双球式电场仪及其应用

探测雷暴电场垂直分量幅度的球载双球电场仪,它由两个空心的、直径为１４．３ｃｍ,相距３．１ｃｍ的导电球构成,两球绕垂直于两球心连线的轴旋转,电场在球上的感应电荷按正弦变化,放大后由遥测发射机传输到地面．配有温度、湿度、气压传感器,既能进行高空大气温度、气压和湿度等常规气象要素的测量,又能完成雷雨云电场特殊参量的探测任务．电场探测电路及其电池组分别装在两个球内．仪器自１９９４年投入使用以来,先后参加了近２０颗卫星的升空安全保障任务,为“澳星”等卫星在雷雨期间安全升空,发挥了重要作用．仪器测量范围为１--１００ｋＶ／ｍ,性能良好．     

WRF模式不同地形平滑方案对降水预报的影响

基于重庆市气象局中尺度数值预报业务系统,开展不同地形平滑方案对模式降水预报的影响研究,详细对比WRF模式中不使用地形平滑方案以及使用s-d-s和1-2-1两种平滑方案生成的静态地形高度场的差异,开展不同地形平滑方案批量平行试验并选取典型强降水个例进行对比分析,结果表明:不同地形平滑方案生成的静态地形高度场之间有明显的差异,特别是在地形较为陡峭的高原和山脉等地区,最大绝对偏差可达462.56m;s-d-s和1-2-1两种地形平滑方案主要平滑掉了模式地形中较小尺度的地形特征,且总体而言1-2-1方案的平滑效果比s-d-s方案明显。连续一个月批量平行试验降水预报检验结果表明,进行模式地形平滑对大雨及以上量级降水预报有正面影响,且使用1-2-1平滑方案的预报结果优于使用s-d-s平滑方案的预报结果;降水个例对比分析结果表明:采用不同的地形平滑方案会造成垂直速度和水汽通量散度预报的明显差异,这样的明显差异会进而影响强降水预报的落区和强度。     

1991年江淮特大洪涝灾害的剖析与研究

1991年气候异常,入春以后雨量偏多,5月中旬起,高空低槽不断东移,北方冷空气频频南下,北太平洋副热带高压增强很快,高压脊线西伸北抬,梅雨提早发生,雨期连绵两三个月,范围广、强度大、持续时间长,加上长江和淮河的洪水夹击,使江淮流域和太湖地区遭受了历史上罕见的特大暴雨洪涝灾害.本文从江淮地区的地理气候特点出发,分析了导致这场灾害的大气环流异常和下垫面水文水利状况,研究了形成这场灾害的雨情特征、水情特征和灾情特征,并与1954年的特大洪涝灾害相对比,揭示了这次暴雨洪涝灾害的气象水文特征与机理.     

Preliminary location of microcracks in several rock specimens under true triaxial compression

ＰｒｅｌｉｍｉｎａｒｙｌｏｃａｔｉｏｎｏｆｍｉｃｒｏｃｒａｃｋｓｉｎｓｅｖｅｒａｌｒｏｃｋｓｐｅｃｉｍｅｎｓｕｎｄｅｒｔｒｕｅｔｒｉａｘｉａｌｃｏｍｐｒｅｓｓｉｏｎＺｈａｏ－ＹｏｎｇＸＵ（许昭永），Ｓｈｉ－ＲｏｎｇＭＥＩ（梅世蓉），Ｃａｎ－ＴａｏＺＨ...     

PRESENT-DAY KINEMATICS OF THE ORDOS BLOCK AND ITS SURROUNDING AREAS FROM GPS OBSERVATIONS

Located among the South China block, Tibetan plateau, Alxa block and Yinshan orogenic belt, the Ordos block is famous for its significant kinematic features with stable tectonics of its interior but frequent large earthquakes surrounding it. After the destruction of the North China Craton, the integrity, rotation movement and kinematic relations with its margins are hotly debated. With the accumulation of active tectonics data, and paleomagnetic and GPS observations, some kinematic models have emerged to describe rotation movement of the Ordos block since the 1970's, including clockwise rotation, anticlockwise rotation, clockwise-anticlockwise-alternate rotation, and sub-block rotation, etc. All of these models are not enough to reflect the whole movement of the Ordos block, because the data used are limited to local areas.
In this study, based on denser geophysical observations, such as GPS and SKS splitting data, we analyzed present-day crustal and mantle deformation characteristics in the Ordos block and its surrounding areas. GPS baselines, strain rates, and strain time series are calculated to describe the intrablock deformation and kinematic relationship between Ordos block and its margins. SKS observations are used to study the kinematic relationship between crust and deeper mantle and their dynamic mechanisms, combined with the absolute plate motion(APM)and kinematic vorticity parameters. Our results show that the Ordos block behaves rigidly and rotates anticlockwise relative to the stable Eurasia plate(Euler pole: (50.942±1.935)°N, (115.692±0.303)°E, (0.195±0.006)°/Ma). The block interior sees a weak deformation of~5 nano/a and a velocity difference of smaller than 2mm/a, which can be totally covered by the uncertainties of GPS data. Therefore, the Ordos block is moving as a whole without clear differential movement under the effective range of resolution of the available GPS datasets. Its western and eastern margins are characterized by two strong right-lateral shearing belts, where 0.2°~0.4°/Ma of rotation is measured by the GPS baseline pairs. However, its northern and southern margins are weakly deformed with left-lateral shearing, where only 0.1°/Ma of rotation is measured. Kinematics in the northeastern Tibetan plateau and western margin of the Ordos block can be described with vertical coherence model with strong coupling between the crust and deeper mantle induced by the strong extrusion of the Tibetan plateau. The consistency between SKS fast wave direction and absolute plate motion suggests the existence of mantle flow along the Qinling orogenic belt, which may extend to the interior of the Ordos block. SKS fast wave directions are consistent with the direction of the asthenosphere flow in Shanxi Rift and Taihang Mountains, indicating that the crustal deformation of these areas is controlled by subduction of the Pacific plate to North China. The week anisotropy on SKS in the interior of Ordos block is from fossil anisotropy in the craton interior. After comparing with the absolute plate motion direction and deformation model, we deem that anisotropy in the interior of Ordos block comes from anisotropy of fossils frozen in the lithosphere. In conclusion, the Ordos block is rotating anticlockwise relative to its margins, which may comes from positive movement of its margins driven by lithospheric extrusion or mantle flow beneath, and its self-rotation is slight. This study can provide useful information for discussion of kinematics between the Ordos block and its surrounding tectonic units.