黄海南部春季帆张网黄鲫CPUE分布及其影响因素分析

根据2006—2009年春季黄海南部帆张网的渔获数据,利用广义线性模型(GLM)和广义加性模型(GAM)定量研究了年份、位置、水深和海水表层温度(SST)对黄鲫单位捕捞努力量的渔获量(CPUE)分布的影响。结果表明,GAM模型较GLM模型可以更好地解释黄鲫CPUE时空分布与环境因子之间的关系。时间上,黄鲫CPUE呈逐年下降的趋势;空间上,黄鲫CPUE呈现由北向南沿经度方向逐渐减小的趋势,在长江口周围较小。水深对黄鲫CPUE的影响显著(P<0.05),在20～35m内CPUE较大。SST对黄鲫CPUE的影响极显著(P<0.01),黄鲫适宜SST范围为7.2～12.4℃。     

综合137Cs，RS和GIS的土壤侵蚀评估和预测——以云南小江流域为例

综合应用137Cs技术、RS技术和GIS技术,进行云南小江流域土壤侵蚀的评估和预测研究,探索中国西部山区观测资料缺乏、USLE(Universal Soil Loss Equation)方程不适宜区域土壤侵蚀评估与预测方法。通过137Cs技术,采用非农耕地与农耕地土壤侵蚀模型确定区内林地、灌丛、草地、坡耕地和裸地的年均侵蚀模数分别为356—1531 t/(km2·a),330—1709 t/(km2·a),886—3885 t/(km2·a),5197—12454 t/(km2·a)和15000 t/(km2·a)以上。解译小江流域1987年(Landsat TM)、1995年(Landsat TM)和2005年(Landsat ETM)遥感影像,获得流域不同时期土地利用图,将其与1∶50000 DEM模型进行叠置分析,建立小江流域土地利用的空间分布图,结合利用137Cs确定的土壤侵蚀速率数据,进行土壤侵蚀分区与制图,分析土壤侵蚀的时空变化。结果表明:1987年—2005年流域轻度以上侵蚀面积占总面积的66.0%—67.3%,变化不大,但侵蚀强度明显加剧,1987年—1995年间尤为明显;中度侵蚀、强度侵蚀、极强度侵蚀区面积分别增加30%、23%和26%;小江流域1987年、1995年和2005年土壤侵蚀量分别为7.51×106t/a,8.19×106t/a和8.18×106t/a。进而选用1995年和2005年的土壤侵蚀数据构建Markov-CA(马尔可夫—元胞自动机)预测模型,获得2015年流域土壤侵蚀分区图,并预测2015年土壤侵蚀量为8.17×106t,与2005年侵蚀量接近。研究结果真实地反映了小江流域土壤侵蚀的变化过程与主要驱动因子,研究方法适合中国西部山区土壤侵蚀评估与预测。     

深沟特大桥控制网布设

桥梁是为线路跨越天然或人工障碍物而修建的,其工程质量的高低直接关系到整条线路是否通畅,而桥梁控制网的优劣是保证桥梁各部位精确施工以及进行后期监测的基础.本文以深沟特大桥为例,应用GPS测量技术对该大桥控制网进行了设计,得出了相关结论.     

福泉市矮蹬地区九架炉组铝土矿、赤铁矿矿床地质特征

福泉矮蹬地区铝土矿、赤铁矿均产于石炭系九架炉组（Cjj）地层中下部,产出层位较稳定,延伸规模大.矿体呈层状、似层状、透镜状产出,产状与地层产状基本一致,矿石品位较高,变化较小.含矿岩系底厚度严格受下伏地层泥盆系上统高坡场组（D3g）厚层白云岩风化壳（喀斯特地貌）起伏控制.将该区铝土矿与修文地区大豆厂九架炉组（Cjj）铝土矿床含矿岩系等进行对比,揭示了本区铝土矿的独特之处.结合九架炉组分布范围、厚度及其变化等,对该区铝土矿资源找矿潜力进行了初步评价,拟为下一步在该区实现铝土矿的找矿突破提供一定的参考.     

Phytoplankton composition and its ecological effect in subsurface cold pool of the northern Bering Sea in summer as revealed by HPLC derived pigment signatures

CHEMTAX analysis of high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC) pigment was conducted to study phytoplankton community structure in the northern Bering Sea shelf, where a seasonal subsurface cold pool emerges. The results showed that fucoxanthin(Fuco) and chlorophyll a(Chl a) were the most abundant diagnostic pigments, with the integrated water column values ranging from 141 to 2 160 μg/m2 and 477 to 5 535 μg/m2, respectively. Moreover, a diatom bloom was identified at Sta. BB06 with the standing stock of Fuco up to 9 214 μg/m3. The results of CHEMTAX suggested that the phytoplankton community in the northern Bering Sea shelf was dominated by diatoms and chrysophytes with an average relative contribution to Chl a of 80% and 12%, respectively, followed by chlorophytes, dinoflagellates, and cryptophytes. Diatoms were the absolutely dominant algae in the subsurface cold pool with a relative contribution exceeding 90%, while the contribution of chrysophytes was generally higher in oligotrophic upper water. Additionally, the presence of a cold pool would tend to favor accumulation of diatom biomass and a bloom that occurred beneath the halocline would be beneficial to organic matter sinks, which suggests that a large part of the phytoplankton biomass would settle to the seabed and support a rich benthic biomass.     

中国地理科学进展与展望——与美国地理学战略方向的比较(英文)

Understanding the Changing Planet: Strategic Directions for the Geographical Sciences(UCP),published by the National Research Council(USA),and its comments in The Professional Geographer propose that uppercase and plural "Geographical Sciences"(GS) is the strategic direction for geography in the next decade for better understanding of our rapidly changing planet. According to these comments,UCP valued technologies and tools excessively("task"),and did not pay much attention to methodology("discipline"). Actually,both"task" and "discipline" are geographical wings,especially in the time of "big science".Enlightenment from UCP and its comments is the strategic direction that should be balanced between "task" and "discipline",GS should be a three-dimensional construct of a disciplinary system,methodology,and technologies and tools,and this system should be scientific humanism based on scientific spirit and directed by humanism. During the last 60 years,Chinese geographers devoted themselves to GS,including practice and theory. Obviously progress and outlook are proposed as interdisciplinary GS,Earth Surface Sciences(ESS) and Geographical Construction(GC). The disciplinary system of GS is very complex,and is composed of such human knowledge domains as sciences,technologies,engineering,and philosophy. The main mission is to research the open,complex,and macro earth system(not only scientifically,but also humanistically),and one significant methodology is "comprehensive integration of qualitative and quantitative means"(CIQQM). At the same time,another changing direction in Chinese geography is Human-Economic Geography(HEG).     

复杂大型地铁地下车站结构非线性地震反应分析

以苏州地铁一号线的星海站为工程背景,对上层为五跨和下层为三跨的地铁车站结构的抗震性能进行数值计算,考虑了土体与混凝土的强非线性特性和土与结构接触非线性特性,分析了结构的层间位移反应特征和结构构件连接部位的应力反应规律,以及结构构件的动态损伤演化规律.研究结果表明:车站结构柱子底端的应力反应大于顶端的应力反应,边柱底端的反应大于中柱底端的反应,下层柱底的应力反应大于上层柱底的应力反应;车站结构的上层侧墙的顶底部结点的应力反应明显比下层侧墙的对应位置结点处的要大;车站结构顶板的中跨端部结点的应力反应明显比侧边跨和侧中跨的要大;车站结构中板的侧中跨端部的应力反应明显比中跨端点处的要大,同时中跨端点处的应力反应又要比侧跨端部的要大;下层右中柱及下层侧墙底部外侧均为破坏最为严重的区域.研究成果对提高该类地铁车站结构抗震性能的认识及其抗震设计水平提供合理的参考与指导.     

四川盆地降水日变化特征分析和个例模拟

利用台站观测降水资料,分析四川盆地及周边地区降水分布和日变化特征,得到以下结论:四川地区降水存在2个高值中心,均位于盆地周围的山地;盆地降水"夜雨"特征明显;川西高原降水峰值以午夜前降水量的贡献为主;盆中与盆地西南边缘山地的降水峰值由夜间降水量与降水频率共同作用;盆地东北边缘的山地是午前降水频率与后半夜的降水量均有贡献。其次,结合WRF模式的数值试验,对2008年9月23～24日发生在盆地的夜间暴雨过程进行模拟研究和综合分析。结果表明WRF模式较好地模拟了此次天气过程降水的空间分布和日变化规律,通过分析模拟的环流场与温湿场发现,夜雨的形成与大尺度环流场的影响和地形强迫关系密切。     

新疆地质矿产勘查2011年主要成果和进展

2011年,新疆地质勘查在全国地质找矿突破战略行动指导下,紧紧围绕自治区产业发展,加强基础地质调查,突出重要矿带、矿集区和矿床评价,加大新技术新方法推广应用,以煤、铁、镍、钼等矿产为重点的找矿取得重大进展,实现了新疆地质勘查"十二五"良好开局.本文概略综述了新疆2011年地质矿产勘查在煤矿、铁矿、有色金属、贵金属、区域地质、物化遥、水文地质等方面取得的重要进展和新成果,提出2012年全疆地质勘查工作设想和建议.