结合光谱和纹理特征的林地变更检测

开展林地变更调查,能够为森林执法督察、林地"一张图"更新等提供精准的空间信息和属性信息,对于林业资源的监测管理具有重要意义。针对大范围多时相遥感影像人工勾绘变化图斑耗时费力的现状,提出一种结合光谱和纹理特征的林地变更检测方法,并以灵山县东北部为例,利用20171209和20180201两个时期的高分二号遥感影像进行试验。结果表明,该方法在减少人力投入、降低时间成本的基础上,不仅将遥感影像的变化检测效率提高了一半以上,同时能达到77%以上的检测准确率,在森林资源普查中具有一定的应用价值。     

南海北部东沙隆起西侧陆坡坡折处浊流沉积

为了分析南海北部上陆坡东沙隆起西侧海域海底稳定性,对A和B两个岩芯进行了AMS14C测年、浮游有孔虫氧同位素分析、粉色红拟抱球虫Globigerinoides ruber鉴定、粒度分析等工作。综合研究表明,A、B岩芯分别发育了距今920 ka BP、960 ka BP以来的更新世、全新世地层。A岩芯3.3~14.08 m层位地层发生了倒转,这与3.3m、6.12~6.18 m发育的两个浊积层有关。在71.5~71.63 m(冰期370 ka BP左右)也发育一浊积层。B岩芯在9.2 m、25.2~28.6 m等层位发育了浊积层。同样位于陆坡坡折,水深较大的A岩芯,由于滑坡导致的浊流活动略强一些。     

莱州湾西部沉积物粒度特征及沉积分区

基于莱州湾西部13个岩心柱样粒度组分与参数,运用Flemming粒度三角图,结合系统聚类分析方法,在对岩心柱样进行分类的基础上,将莱州湾西部划分为4个区域,即现代黄河口侧缘、广利河口北潮滩、莱州湾南岸和中部浅海区。根据粒度曲线特征,分析了每个区域内沉积环境的时空变化。结果证明:莱州湾西部百年来沉积特征建立在黄河形成沉积环境之上,沿岸短源河流对沉积环境产生了不同程度影响。现代黄河口侧缘沉积环境受黄河影响至今,沿岸河流改造作用较小;广利河口北潮滩沉积环境形成于黄河行水期间,目前广利河水系对原有沉积环境改造作用明显;莱州湾南岸小清河、弥河取代黄河成为影响沉积环境的最重要因素;莱州湾中部海域则受到沿岸河流的综合影响。沉积环境以广利河口为界限,呈现南北分异。北部沉积环境随时间变化明显,在垂向上反映了黄河多期次行水带来的沉积特征;南部沉积物质来源依次为广利河、小清河、弥河,沉积环境在水平方向上变化明显。     

Temperature-control-induced masculinization in tiger puffer Takifugu rubripes

This study used tiger puffer Takifugu rubripes to explore new,simple methods for lowtemperature-induced masculinization in a cultured fish without the use of ultraviolet irradiation or sex hormones.An orthogonal test L9(3^4)design was used to consider three factors at three levels:treatment starting times(days post-hatch,dph:factor A)of 20,50 and 80 dph;treatment temperatures(factor B)of 13℃,15℃and 17℃;and treatment durations(factor C)of 30,45 and 60 days.A control group was reared at 21±1℃.The experiments were repeated twice.At 230 dph,the gonads were removed from thirty randomly sampled fish in each group.Histological observations and analysis of single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNP)were used to identified pseudo males,which biological sex was male and genetic sex were female(XX).Treatment group 4(A2B1C2)resulted in the highest proportion of males(75%).According to the intuitive analysis of the orthogonal-array experiments,the optimal combination of lowtemperature-induced masculinization of T.rubripes was A2B1C2.The population sex ratio depended on the three factors in the sequence B→A→C.A comparison of the daily increases in length and weight during and after the low-temperature conditions showed that the absolute daily increases in weight and length were significantly less during treatment than after treatment.Daily increases in weight and length did not significantly differ between the treatment groups and the controls(P>0.05),demonstrating that the growth rate could return to normal after the low-temperature conditions.This study establishes a low-temperatureinduced masculinization technology for T.rubripes and demonstrates that although the growth rate(length and weight)decreased in an array of nine treatment groups during the processing time,it returned to a normal level after processing.The results should serve as a guide for achieving the masculinization of T.rubripes in production.     

一种改进的北斗三频长基线模糊度固定算法

针对TCAR法在北斗三频长基线模糊度固定中成功率不高的问题,提出采用滑动窗口的方法对EWL、WL和NL模糊度进行固定。通过实验分析窗口大小与模糊度固定成功率的关系得出,在长距离定位中,模糊度固定成功率主要受到电离层延迟和对流层延迟的影响。因此采用滑动窗口固定EWL和WL模糊度后,通过GIF-TCAR法解算NL模糊度,同时使用滑动窗口法来固定NL模糊度。实验结果表明,该方法可用于北斗三频实时定位。     

南黄海近岸海域初夏浮游动物的群落特征

采用2016年7月和2017年6-7月在南黄海近岸海域获取的浮游动物样品,研究了种类组成、丰度、生物量、优势种和生物多样性的变化,并分析其与环境因子的相关性关系。结果显示,两个航次的温盐及浮游动物群落特征差异较大。2016年7月表层平均温度为(22.8±1.8)℃,表层平均盐度为30.0±1.6;2017年6-7月表层平均温度为(25.7±3.6)℃,表层平均盐度为(27.8±4.3)℃。2016年浮游动物的种类数为70种(含浮游幼虫24类),2017年种类数为56种(含浮游幼虫18类)。2016年浮游动物平均丰度(4838.2±5186.7 ind·m–3)和平均湿重生物量(324.9±481.5mg·m–3)均高于2017年(2652.4±3507.5 ind·m–3,216.6±245.2 mg·m–3)。两个航次共同的优势种为小拟哲水蚤(Paracalanus parvus)、近缘大眼剑水蚤(Corycaeus affinis)和双毛纺锤水蚤(Acartia bifilosa)。2016年7月的生物多样性略高于2017年6-7月。温、盐等水文特征的差异是造成2016年和2017年夏季浮游动物群落结构变化的主要原因。     

Design of A Bionic Spudcan and Analysis of Penetration and Extraction Performances for Jack-up Platform

The mechanisms of soil structure interaction have drawn much attention in the past years in the installation and operation of jack-up platform. A bionic spudcan produced by biomimetic of egg and snail shell is proposed, and the performance of the penetration and extraction are analyzed by numerical method. The geometric contour of egg and snail shell is measured, and its mathematical model is established respectively. According to the structure of existing spudcan of jack-up platform, three kinds of typical biomimetic spudcan are designed. Furthermore, numerical analysis models of biomimetic spudcan are established respectively to study the soil structure interaction mechanism in the process of penetration and extraction, and contrastive analysis of resistance characteristics are carried out. To conclude, the results show that the biomimetic spudcan facilitates the platform installation, and it is also beneficial to the improvement of the bearing capacity of spudcan.     

南昌地区雷击事件雷达回波特征分析

【目的】南昌地区地处亚热带地区,为了更好地监测预警雷电天气,提醒人们减少雷击事件的发生。【方法】使用南昌市历史雷击事件资料、江西雷达拼图资料和南昌、九江SA雷达基数据等资料,采用天气学、雷达气象学等原理及方法,对南昌地区雷击事件的雷达回波特征进行分析。【结果】（1）2013—2022年雷击事件共出现23次,孤立单体回波有2段闪电高发期,超级单体、飑线回波带和短带回波只有1个闪电高发期。（2）500 hPa高空槽、中层切变及西南急流等天气系统重叠最易产生雷击事件。（3）飑线回波带是由多个对流单体、强回波单体甚至超级单体回波排列组成的带状回波;短带回波长度比飑线回波带要短,回波强度也偏弱。【结论】上述结论为南昌地区雷电天气的监测预警提供分析依据。     

Response of the cold water mass in the western South China Sea to the wind stress curl associated with the summer monsoon

1Introduction TheSouthChinaSea(SCS)isasemi enclosed tropicalmarginalseawithcomplextopographyand numerousislands(seeFig.1)andtheonlydeep channelbetweentheSCSandtheadjacentPhilippine SeaistheLuzonStrait.TheclimateoftheSCSis controlledbytheEastAsianmonsoonsy…     

赤道太平洋西风爆发事件的时空特征

赤道太平洋西风爆发事件(简称“西风事件”)对厄尔尼诺有重要的触发作用。基于ERA-Interim和NCEP2(NCEP-DOE Reanalysis 2)风场资料以及OI(NOAA OI SST V2 High Resolution Dataset)海表面温度资料,本文对西风事件的时空特征进行了研究诊断,并初步分析了ENSO(ElNi?o-Southern Oscillation)对西风事件的影响。结果显示,西风事件发展初期主要集中在中西部太平洋,季节性变化表现为冬春季较强,夏秋季较弱。西风事件频次和强度都有一定的年际变化特征,其中中太平洋西风事件的强度与ENSO信号的关系更紧密。当Ni?o3.4指数大于1℃时,西风事件的频次和强度与ENSO信号相关性好;当Ni?o3.4指数小于1℃时,西风事件频次的随机性增加,但其强度仍受到赤道中东太平洋海温异常信号的制约。