Estimate of Hydrofluorocarbon Emissions for 2012–16 in the Yangtze River Delta,China

Hydrofluorocarbons(HFCs) have been widely used in China as substitutes for ozone-depleting substances,the production and use of which are being phased out under the Montreal Protocol.China is a major consumer of HFCs around the world,with its HFC emissions in CO_2-equivalent contributing to about 18% of the global emissions for the period2012-16.Three methods are widely used to estimate the emissions of HFCs-namely,the bottom-up method,top-down method and tracer ratio method.In this study,the tracer ratio method was adopted to estimate HFC emissions in the Yangtze River Delta(YRD),using CO as a tracer.The YRD region might make a significant contribution to Chinese totals owing to its rapid economic growth.Weekly flask measurements for ten HFCs(HFC-23,HFC-32,HFC-125,HFC-134 a,HFC-143 a,HFC-152 a,HFC-227 ea,HFC-236 fa,HFC-245 fa and HFC-365 mfc) were conducted at Lin'an Regional Background Station in the YRD over the period 2012-16,and the HFC emissions were 2.4±1.4 Gg yr~(-1) for HFC-23,2.8±1.2 Gg yr~(-1) for HFC-32,2.2±1.2 Gg yr~(-1) for HFC-125,4.8±4.8 Gg yr~(-1) for HFC-134 a,0.9±0.6 Gg yr~(-1) for HFC-152 a,0.3±0.3 Gg yr~(-1) for HFC-227 ea and 0.3±0.2 Gg yr~(-1) for HFC-245 fa.The YRD total HFC emissions reached 53 Gg CO_2-e yr~(-1),contributing 34% of the national total.The per capita HFC CO_2-equivalent emissions rate was 240 kg yr-1,while the values of per unit area emissions and per million GDP emissions reached 150 Mg km~(-2)yr~(-1) and 3500 kg yr~(-1)(million CNY GDP)-1,which were much higher than national or global levels.     

土屋、延东铜矿田综合信息预测模型

为开发区域物探、化探资料进行找矿靶区优选，选择土屋、延东铜矿作为建模矿田．在分析成矿地质背景、区域重力航磁地球化学特征的基础上，利用重力、航磁数据处理资料提取了深部线性构造和环型构造，结合铜元素等地球化学异常分布，指出土屋、延东斑岩铜矿田位于EW向区域性线性构造、近NS向、NW向、NE向隐伏线性构造和环型构造的交汇部位和铜高背景及局部异常区中，提出了斑岩型铜矿田预测模型和“三位一体”的找矿标志．     

我国煤层气生储层间的关系类型及特征

分析、总结了我国煤层气生储气层间的关系类型，指出煤层气生成后，由于受各种因素的影响，均发生过运移，并将运移途径分为五种形式。同时根据煤的热模拟试验，从煤层气生成量与现测含气量大小的关系，将含气量分为两个类型，又以储气量大小分为七个级别。由此提出，今后对煤层(成)气的勘查与研究，应着重于大中型含煤盆地，把构造简单、煤层厚度和煤层气含量稳定的、埋深为800～l500m的区带作为地面垂直勘探和开发的首选区。     

小井径双源距碳氧比C/O测井的影响因素及处理

研究各种地层和井眼环境因素对碳氧比C/O测井长、短源距探测器的影响规律，可以为C/O测井仪器的刻度方法提供指导，为解释模型的建立和数据处理提供依据.本文用Monte Carlo方法，计算了C/O值随井眼直径、水泥环厚度、套管直径、孔隙度、含油饱和度、地层岩性和油密度的变化规律.从中看出，当井内流体为油时，井径或套管直径增大，C/O值增大，井眼影响增大；当井内流体为水时，井径或套管直径的增大，C/O值减小；水泥环厚度增加时C/O值减小；当井眼条件不变时，地层孔隙度越大，含油饱和度越大，C/O值越大，对测井越有利；反之，地层孔隙度越小，含油饱和度越小，C/O值越小，对测井不利；地层岩性对C/O值的影响显著，相同条件下，碳酸盐岩比砂岩的C/O值高；油密度越大，C/O值越大.文中还提出了一种消除这些因素影响的数据处理方法     

Forest phenological patterns of Northeast China inferred from MODIS data

The role of remote sensing in phenological studies is increasingly regarded as a key to understand large area seasonal phenomena. This paper describes the application of Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) time series data for forest phenological patterns. The forest phenological phase of Northeast China (NE China) and its spatial characteristics were inferred using 1-km 10-day MODIS normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) datasets of 2002. The threshold-based method was used to estimate three key forest phenological variables, which are the start of growing season (SOS), the end of growing season (EOS) and growing season length (GSL). Then the spatial patterns of forest phenological variables of NE China were mapped and analyzed. The derived phenological variables were validated by the field observed data from published papers in the same study area. Results indicate that forest phenological phase from MODIS data is comparable with the observed data. As the derived forest phenological pattern is related to forest type distribution, it is helpful to discriminate between forest types.     

福建龙海-漳浦沿海活动断裂与火山活动

文中通过福建龙海—漳浦沿海主要断裂的玄武岩喷发,断裂两侧第四纪以来形成的地貌面和海相地层的差异性变化等特点,分析了断裂晚第四纪以来的活动特征及断裂构造的组合特征。研究结果表明:龙海流会-漳浦将军澳断裂在新近纪—第四纪晚更新世早期 (N2—Q3p)有玄武岩多次循其喷发,晚更新世(Q3p)活动明显,属晚更新世活动断裂;龙海港尾 -漳浦湖西断裂亦属晚更新世(Q3p)活动断裂,断裂下盘上升速率为 1. 11mm/a。这 2条断裂将本区切割形成港尾地堑、南太武山地垒、流会-将军澳以东海域地堑     

独龙江公路下段Ⅰ号滑坡稳定性分析

独龙江地区岩体破碎，暴雨强度大，边坡稳定性差。独龙江公路下段Ⅰ号滑坡体位于贡山县普拉河旁，为确保公路安全，我们采用抗滑力／下滑力的方法来分析滑坡稳定性。     

Analysis of the rising and sinking movement of the crust in Qinghai－Xizang Plateau，China

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自适应多重网格有限元法及在洞室稳定分析中的应用尝试

本文简述了自适应多重网格有限元方程求解算法的原理，数据结构及计算程序的实现，并列举了一个地下洞室的计算例子作为应用尝试，同时进行了相应的讨论。     

内应力模式震前蠕裂感生的前兆特征

已有的前兆模型大体上可分两类:一类从完整岩石的破裂试验为基础,得出破裂区（震中）附近完全一致的前兆曲线;另一类以数理理论为基础,推得震源区附近有力学性质不同的区域,而同一性质的区域有与构造应力同步的前兆曲线。由于它们的前提与实际情况有较大的差异,没有考虑孕震区中原有裂纹的存在,这些前兆模型似不能很好地说明许多震例中的复杂的前兆现象。本文在“构造地震的局部内应力源模式”和“失稳破裂与蠕裂”两文的基础上,进一步讨论由于震前蠕裂所产生的应力场的时空变化而感生的前兆特征。