意大利威尼斯泻湖的自然特性和水体循环

威尼斯泻湖位于意大利北部,亚得里亚海边,是意大利最大的泻湖,水面面积约550 km2,平均水深1.1 m.入湖的陆地流域1 877 km2,每年流入泻湖淡水约900 Mm3.泻湖通过3个潮流通道与海洋交换水体和能量;因此,它传统上被分成3个水下盆地,每1个水下盆地对应一个潮流通道,一个潮周期内大量海水流进流出,总量相当于泻湖总容量的三分之一(Ga(c)i (c)等,2004).淡水通过许多支流注入泻湖,携大量的营养物质,这些物质主要沉积在北部泻湖地区(Zonta等,2001).最重要的支流位于泻湖的北面,这个区域2001年曾接受了超过总量50%的沉积物.同样,在泻湖区,有一个巨大的工厂,是意大利最重要的工业区之一.这些工业区是意大利热量、淡水和营养的重要来源.     

Growth and Interactions of Multi-Source Perturbations in Convection-Allowing Ensemble Forecasts

This study investigated the growth of forecast errors stemming from initial conditions (ICs), lateral boundary conditions (LBCs), and model (MO) perturbations, as well as their interactions, by conducting seven 36 h convection- allowing ensemble forecast (CAEF) experiments. Two cases, one with strong-forcing (SF) and the other with weak-forcing (WF), occurred over the Yangtze-Huai River basin (YHRB) in East China, were selected to examine the sources of uncertainties associated with perturbation growth under varying forcing backgrounds and the influence of these back- grounds on growth. The perturbations exhibited distinct characteristics in terms of temporal evolution, spatial propagation, and vertical distribution under different forcing backgrounds, indicating a dependence between perturbation growth and forcing background. A comparison of the perturbation growth in different precipitation areas revealed that IC and LBC perturbations were significantly influenced by the location of precipitation in the SF case, while MO perturbations were more responsive to convection triggering and dominated in the WF case. The vertical distribution of perturbations showed that the sources of uncertainties and the performance of perturbations varied between SF and WF cases, with LBC perturbations displaying notable case dependence. Furthermore, the interactions between perturbations were considered by exploring the added values of different source perturbations. For the SF case, the added values of IC, LBC, and MO perturbations were reflected in different forecast periods and different source uncertainties, suggesting that the combination of multi-source perturbations can yield positive interactions. In the WF case, MO perturbations provided a more accurate estimation of uncertainties downstream of the Dabie Mountain and need to be prioritized in the research on perturbation development.     

夏季洪水对长江口及邻近海域颗粒有机碳分布与来源的影响

基于2020年7月洪水期间采集的长江口及邻近海域的温度、盐度、总悬浮物(Total Suspen-ded Matter,TSM)质量浓度、颗粒有机碳(Particulate Organic Carbon,POC)质量浓度和颗粒有机碳稳定同位素(δ13 CPOC)等数据,分析了洪水事件对该区域POC分布与来源的影响.结果...     

弱透水层瞬态水力参数的地质统计反演识别研究

弱透水层释水变形伴随着水力参数(渗透系数K和贮水率Ss)的瞬态变化,传统的“移动窗口”式反演方法假定每个反演窗口的初始状态是静态的,这与弱透水层释水变形存在明显滞后效应的实际情况不符。本文提出了在高维参数反演优化情境下,时间域上模型参数的动态变化可与空间域上模型参数的一维非均质性等价,因而可用地质统计反演方法可用于识别弱透水层瞬态K和Ss的新思路,实现了该方法在水文地质领域的创新性应用。以上海越流含水层系统为例,运用似线性地质统计反演算法,高精度地拟合了F16分层标处的长观变形数据,获取了原位透镜体状弱透水层K和Ss的瞬态特征。反演结果显示,观测时段内K的变幅为1. 02×10-5~5. 89×10-4 m/a,平均值为1. 38×10-4 m/a,Ss的变幅为4. 34×10-4~6. 02×10-3 m-1,平均值为2. 65×10-3 m-1。基于反演所得参数瞬态特征,分析原位弱透水层在1994年前后分别以弹性和塑性变形为主,弱透水层K呈现与含水层水位相反的季节性变化特征,该现象可能与渗流力作用下细粒物质在含水层与弱透水层透镜体交界面附近的对孔隙的阻塞和疏通作用有关。该方法可获取完整观测时段内水文地质参数的动态变化轨迹,在计算评价地表水 地下水交互领域的河床渗透性、原位修复领域的渗透反应墙渗透性等的动态演化特征方面具有潜在的应用价值,并可作为构建水文地质领域、岩土工程等领域有关本构模型的有效辅助手段。     

Geochemical Characteristics of Early Permian Pyroclastic Rocks in the Jimunai Basin,West Junggar,Xinjiang(NW China): Implications for Provenance and Tectonic Setting

During the Late Paleozoic, West Junggar(Xinjiang, NW China) experienced a shift in tectonic setting from compression to extension. Ha'erjiao is an important area for investigating collisional structures, post–collisional structures, and magmatic activities. Based on the petrological and geochemical characteristics of pyroclastic and other volcanic rocks in the Permian Kalagang Formation from the borehole ZKH1205 in the Jimunai Basin, the main types of source rock for the pyroclastic rocks deposited in the basin are identified and their implications for the Early Permian tectonic setting examined. The abundance of basalt and andesite lithic fragments in the pyroclastic rocks, together with the REE characteristics and the contents of transition and high field strength elements show that the source rocks were chiefly intermediate–basic volcanic rocks. High ICV values, low CIA values, low Rb/Sr ratios, low Th/U ratios and the mineralogical features suggest weak chemical weathering of the source rocks; the geochemical patterns of the pyroclastic rocks might not only have been impacted by crustal contamination but also might be related to the nature of the magma from the source area. The geochemical properties of the pyroclastic rocks distinguish them from arc-related ones, and such samples plot in the within-plate basalt(WPB) field in some diagrams. This is consistent with the formation background of the Early Permian volcanic rocks in this region.     

长白山火山区现今地壳运动特征及动力学环境分析

通过对日本3·11大震前后GEONET观测站位移时间序列以及中国东北三维形变特征进行分析,结合地震及大地电磁研究成果,探讨中国东北长白山火山区现今地壳运动特征及动力学环境。结果表明,奥羽山脉是日本东北地壳运动的分界带。3·11地震后,两侧点位以东向运动为主,大震对中国东北形变的影响还未结束。受板块俯冲及壳幔岩浆运动的影响,长白山火山区现今地壳变形及地震的发生与区域应力变化及岩浆活动有关。     

窄带与脉冲干扰对卫星导航信号载噪比的影响

现代电磁环境日趋复杂,导航接收机受到各式各样干扰的风险越来越高,窄带干扰和脉冲干扰就是对卫星导航信号常见的压制干扰手段.不同的干扰信号具有不同的时频域特征,对卫星导航信号造成的影响也有很大差异,这种影响主要体现在信号的载噪比和误码率等方面.针对目前国内脉冲干扰的性能研究不足的现状,通过对比窄带干扰性能评估方法提出了适应...     

分子印迹技术用于海洋微生物生物碱活性成分的发现

以harmine为模板分子,并以甲基丙烯酸(MAA)为功能单体,合成分子印迹聚合物(molecularly imprinted polymer,MIP).将其作为固相萃取材料,对1株海洋共栖细菌Pseudoalteromonas sp. NJ6-3-1次级代谢产物的活性成分进行选择性提取,得到harmine及与harmine结构相似的生物碱.实验结果表明,分子印迹技术是选择性分离提取海洋微生物中活性成分的有效方法.     

Correlation study between suspended particulate matter and DOAS data

Continuous data of aerosol optical thickness monitored using differential optical absorption spectroscopy (DOAS) are correlated with the concentration of ground-measured suspended particulate matter (SPM). A high correlation is found between the DOAS and the ground SPM data, making it possible to calculate the mass extinction efficiency of the aerosols in the atmosphere. It is found that the value of mean mass extinction efficiency (MEE) varies over a range of 2.6–13.7m2 g?1, with smaller and larger values occurring for size distributions dominated by coarse and fine particles, respectively.     

相似路径热带气旋“海棠”(0505)和“碧利斯”(0604)暴雨对比分析

一般认为相似路径台风的影响大致相似,但实际上相似路径台风的风雨分布尤其是暴雨分布往往有很大差异,因此,对相似路径热带气旋“海棠”(0505)和“碧利斯”(0604)暴雨成因的对比分析有助于加强台风暴雨发生机制的认识和预报。“海棠”(0505)和“碧利斯”(0604)逐日降水分布对比分析表明,两者登陆前降水分布类似,而登陆后降水分布差异比较大。利用NCEP/GFS 1 °×1 °分析资料对热带气旋登陆前后天气形势、水汽通量和水汽通量散度进行诊断分析,结果表明：“海棠”(0505)和“碧利斯”(0604)登陆前引起浙闽沿海地区大降水主要是热带气旋外围偏东气流和地形共同影响下形成。“海棠”登陆后,维持在浙江东部沿海东南风急流不断输送水汽到“海棠”倒槽内引起浙东南沿海强降水,深入内陆后,降水主要由“海棠”自身环流携带的水汽辐合引起的,降水比沿海地区明显减弱;而“碧利斯”登陆后,有明显的南海季风环流输送水汽并入热带气旋南侧环流,在其南侧形成偏南风急流,使南侧水汽输送得到明显加强,造成“碧利斯”南侧水汽通量辐合,北侧水汽通量辐散,南侧降水比北侧降水强很多;深入内陆后,“碧利斯”环流仍维持并引导北方槽后弱冷空气渗透到其西南侧,使南侧降水进一步增幅。本文还探讨了包括热带气旋外核在内区域平均垂直风切变和热带气旋强降水落区的关系,结果表明：“海棠”和“碧丽斯”大暴雨落区均对应于暴雨区区域平均垂直风切矢量左侧水汽通量散度负值区。“海棠”垂直风切变矢量平行于移动路径并指向移动路径后方是造成“海棠”强降水分布在其移动路径右侧的重要原因,“碧利斯”垂直风切变矢量平行于移动路径并指向移动路径前方是造成“碧利斯”强降水分布在其移动路径左侧的重要原因。因此,利用垂直风切结合水汽输送条件可以作热带气旋大暴雨落区预报可能是一种比较有效的方法。