红层软岩边坡生态防护技术探讨

红层软岩边坡,土质贫瘠,浅层稳定性差,生态防护失效的现象比较突出。为提高西部红层软岩边坡生态防护的可靠性,在对西部红层软岩地区铁路、公路边坡生态防护状况进行调研和分析的基础上,总结红层软岩边坡生态防护失败的原因,吸取经验教训,提出适于红层软岩边坡的生态防护方法和适合该区栽植的草木品种及配置方法。     

西北地区城镇化建设中雨水利用探讨

城镇化是西北地区发展的必由之路,然而最大的自然障碍因素是水资源严重短缺。国外较早地开展并已有效地利用了城市雨水,而我国起步比较晚。西北地区在推进城镇化建设中,宜把城市雨水资源化作为城市节水的方向之一。城市雨水资源的利用对西北地区城市可持续发展有重要的意义。     

Impacts of native vegetation on the hydraulic properties of the concentrated flows in bank gullies

To quantify the impacts of native vegetation on the spatial and temporal variations in hydraulic properties of bank gully concentrated flows, a series of in situ flume experiments in the bank gully were performed at the Yuanmou Gully Erosion and Collapse Experimental Station in the dry-hot valley region of the Jinsha River, Southwest China. This experiment involved upstream catchment areas withone-and two-year native grass(Heteropogon contortus) and bare land drained to bare gully headcuts, i.e., Gullies 1, 2 and 3. In Gully 4, Heteropogon contortus and Agave sisalana were planted in the upstream catchment area and gully bed, respectively. Among these experiments, the sediment concentration in runoff in Gully 3 was the highest and that in Gully 2 was the lowest, clearly indicating that the sediment concentration in runoff obviously decreased and the deposition of sediment obviously increased as the vegetation cover increased. The concentrated flows were turbulent in response to the flow discharge. The concentrated flows in the gully zones with native grass and bare land were sub-and supercritical, respectively. The flow rate and shear stress in Gully 3 upstream catchment area were highest among the four upstream catchment areas, while the flow rate and shear stress in the gully bed of Gully 4 were lowest among the four gully beds, indicating that native grass notably decreased the bank gully flow rate and shear stress. The Darcy–Weisbach friction factor(resistance f) and flow energy consumption in the gully bed of Gully 4 were notably higher than those in the other three gully beds, clearly indicating that native grass increased the bank gully surface resistance and flow energy consumption. The Reynolds number(Re), flow rate, shear stress, resistance f, and flow energy consumption in the gully beds and upstream areas increased over time, while the sediment concentration in runoff and Froude number(Fr) decreased. Overall, increasing vegetation cover in upstream catchment areas and downstream gully beds of the bank gully is essential for gully erosion mitigation.     

基于微波辐射计的短时强降水潜势预报

微波辐射计可获取高时间分辨率的大气层结信息,为探索其在短时强降水预报方面的应用潜力,利用微波辐射计仪器获得对流参数特征,提取对短时强降水敏感的对流参数作为预报因子,并利用叠套法建立短时强降水潜势预报.结果表明:液态水路径LWP、SI、LI、CAPE、KOI这5种参数可作为预报因子建立潜势预报,经验证后得出短时强降水的P...     

未来综合导航定位技术刍议

社会的发展和人们生活水平的不断提高,使得人们对位置及其相关信息的需求不断增加。未来人们对于导航定位技术的需求将是快速、高精度、高动态和无缝的。未来的综合导航定位技术主要包括单点快速高精度定位技术和特殊地区导航定位技术两大类。本文简要介绍了这两类导航定位技术的现状及今后的发展趋势。     

面向对象空间数据组织与管理的初步实现

通过分析3种传统数据模型的特点,得出它们在管理地理复杂对象方面的局限性,从而引出了面向对象数据模型。本文利用面向对象数据模型中的各种操作,以基本地理对象为基础构建复杂地理对象,并且在VC 6.0平台上实现了面向对象几何数据模型。     

北斗广播电文钟差模型精度评估及改善策略

星载原子钟是北斗卫星导航系统(BDS)的核心设备,其钟差模型是北斗广播电文的重要组成部分,模型精度直接影响BDS的服务性能.本文采用星地双向时频传递(TWSTF)钟差测量为参考,评估了BDS广播电文钟差模型精度,结果表明BDS广播电文钟差模型精度优于2 ns(数据龄期小于12 h).针对BDS广播电文钟差参数解算问题,...     

南京汤山驼子洞洞穴堆积及其意义

通过对南京汤山驼子洞洞穴堆积观察描述和样品分析测试,结合前人研究成果和汤山地区地质地貌演化的历史,讨论了驼子洞堆积的时代、堆积过程和方式,并对其蕴含的构造、地貌、气候和生物进化等古环境信息进行了合理的挖掘。初步研究表明驼子洞堆积可能是跨早更新世与中更新世早期的地层,其上部含哺乳动物化石的堆积可能反映了偏暖的气候环境。     

天津市地面沉降区地下水开采指标综合评定方法研究

实行地面沉降控制和地下水资源的统一管理,是天津市地面沉降防治工作的特色。本文针对地下水超采是影响天津市地面沉降主要因素的现状,通过对多年地面沉降监测以及地下水资源开发利用数据的分析,首先在全市范围内初步确定各乡镇2007年地下水开采指标或维持2005年实际开采水平,或选用一元回归分析方法建立地面沉降预测模型。在建模过程中,应用地质系统科学理论,综合考虑2001～2005年各年度地面沉降和地下水水位动态,将天津市划分为若干个子系统,每一子系统作为一个回归分析单元。为了将各计算单元的预测结果具体到各乡镇地下水资源开采指标制定中,结合各乡镇地面沉降现状和地下水替换水源条件,并根据计算单元内各乡镇地下水开采强度、地下水超采程度、沉降敏感度以及地下水位超限程度等因素进行压采规模的综合分级。这一方法已得到我市相关水资源管理部门的认同,并取得了较好的实践效果。     

基于侧扫声呐的水下小目标检测技术研究

针对水下小目标探测与识别难的问题,开展基于侧扫声呐的声呐图像滤波、图像分割及目标提取方法研究。常规滤波方法难以有效清除图像中存在的噪声,从而造成图像质量下降。采用非局部均值滤波算法与GPU加速的方法,在获得声呐图像较好处理效果的同时,满足水下小目标检测实时性的要求;同时,采用膨胀算法与Canny边缘检测算法相结合的方式,实现了水下真假目标的有效区分。