黄河中游水系河流阶地序列与数值年代

根据黄河中游水系河流阶地的年代资料,通过对比各种测年结果,获得一个具有较准确数值年代的黄河中游的阶地序列。黄河中游水系河流阶地可分为黄河干流阶地(即兰州段、晋陕峡谷段、禹门口至河南孟津段黄河阶地)、黄河一级支流阶地(渭河和汾河阶地)、黄河二级河流阶地(泾河和洛河阶地)。建立一个准确的阶地序列和数值年代框架,需要多种测年技术的相互印证以及加强河流上下游阶地对比研究。总体来讲,兰州段黄河阶地的年代可靠度比较高,而晋陕峡谷段的河流阶地年代仍有很多争议;渭河的下游阶地年代相对较可靠,但渭河上游、汾河、泾河、洛河的阶地年代研究还需要加强。     

江西九瑞地区钻天山-郎君山地区找矿与成矿预测

本文通过对江西九瑞地区钻天山-郎君山一带的地层、岩体、断裂及矿化蚀变等地质特征进行分析,认为该区成矿地质条件优越,找矿前景良好.奥陶系灰岩与志留系碎屑岩间的岩性差异面是重点关注的找矿方向,结合物化探证据,认为钻天山-郎君山地区应优先进行勘查.     

An assessment of geologic sequestration potential in the panhandle of Florida USA

One alternative to reduce global greenhouse gas emissions is to store the emissions in underground geologic sequestration repositories. The efficacy of this approach has been favorably evaluated by numerous authors over the last 15 years. This paper discusses an assessment of the overall feasibility of storing emissions in three different repositories in the Florida panhandle located in the Southeastern United States. The feasibility assessment evaluates both saline aquifers and oil reservoirs located in the panhandle region. The overall feasibility is driven by the available geologic sequestration capacity, the transportation cost to deliver emissions to a respective repository, and other engineering and regulatory issues. The geologic sequestration capacity is generally controlled by the so-called storage efficiency, a variable dependent on the site-specific geology, reservoir conditions, and the injected fluid characteristics. For this paper, storage efficiency for saline repositories was assessed in more detail using numerical modeling. Based on the work completed, the 3 repositories studied have at least 4.55 gigatonnes of capacity to sequester CO₂.     

Integrated Approaches,Multiple Scales: Snag Dynamics in Burned Versus Unburned Landscapes*

By studying landscape form and patterns, we can study processes at multiple scales and determine how collectively those processes inform us about function(s). Integrating landscape ecology from a biogeographical perspective with geographic information science (GIScience) practices offers new ways to study how landscapes change over time and space, including how they can be measured, analyzed, and modeled for management needs. This article presents methodologies and selected results of analyzing spatial patterns from field data across multiple scales by examining standing dead tree (snag) processes across wildfire‐disturbed landscapes in Arizona. Our primary motivation was to illustrate a particular type of work benefiting from the coalescing of landscape ecology and GIScience, functioning at the methodological and practical overlap of these two contributing fields. Our management goals were to (1) describe spatial patterns and characteristics of snags in pairs of burned and unburned ponderosa pine forests of Arizona in four recent (within the past ten years) wildfires, (2) document bird response to wildfires by combining landscape ecology and GIScience methods, and (3) link these patterns to snag monitoring plots and cavity‐nesting bird use to predict the probability of snag use by birds and cavity nesters based on snag characteristics (snag use model). The methods and results demonstrate how integration of landscape ecology with both GIS and GIScience improves the ways to study landscapes and land management issues, in this case offering guidelines for retention of snags that provide habitat for wildlife.     

“城市区域”主义下的中国区域治理模式重构——珠三角城际铁路的实证

中国的区域治理模式长期以来呈现出阶段性演化的特征。特别是近些年,传统省-市分层设权的权力组织关系被动态的、反复连续性的博弈所取代。本研究借助政治经济学与人文地理学关于“国家空间再中心化”及组织社会学者的“行政发包制”理论,立足区域基础设施项目,即“珠三角城际铁路网”展开实证,系统分析其规划、建设及运营过程。并聚焦其中的事权与财权动态演变过程,解析省政府的角色定位和省市关系的演变等两大关键问题,揭示中国城市区域治理重构的内在逻辑。研究发现：一方面,省政府的角色定位由“分包商”和“协调者”逐渐转变为协调与发展并重的新角色定位;同时,省市关系由结构化的“行政发包”转化为多轮协商的动态博弈连续体。     

Modelling the spatial and temporal distribution of rainfall: a case study in the wet and dry tropics of North East Australia

Rainfall regimes with strong spatial and temporal variation are characteristic of many coastal regions of north and eastern Australia. In coastal regions of north eastern Australia, regimes vary considerably over short distances. This occurs because of changes in local topography, including the height and orientation of mountain ranges and the direction of the coastline with respect to the prevailing moist south east air stream. Northern Australia experiences a tropical monsoon climate with rainfall occurring predominantly during the summer months. Areas with a closer proximity to the coast typically experience the heavier rainfalls. While networks of rainfall gauges have been established and continuous records are available for most of these stations from the 1890s, their low distribution density relative to the complexity of rainfall pattern they are required to represent means that there remains a poor understanding of the spatial and temporal distribution of rainfall in the wet tropics. An enhanced knowledge of rainfall distribution in both space and time has the potential to deliver significant economic and environmental benefits to managers of natural resources. This paper reports on the application of a technique for estimating mean annual and mean monthly rainfall across the Herbert River catchment of north east Australia's dry and wet tropics. The technique utilises thin plate smoothing splines to incorporate both location and elevation into estimates of rainfall distribution. We demonstrate that the method can be applied successfully at the meso scale and within the domain of routinely available data. As such, the method has broad relevance for decision making.     

近30年苏北滨海滩涂湿地演变特征与空间格局

苏北滨海滩涂湿地位于现代长江口与废黄河口之间,是最典型的淤泥质平原海岸,其演变特征及空间格局具有鲜明的特征。本文选用1980年、1992年、2008年的TM 和ALOS影像为主要数据源,构建了基于空间分割和转移矩阵分析模型,研究了近30年来苏北滨海滩涂湿地的演变特征及其空间格局。结果表明： ①苏北滨海滩涂发生了巨大变化,近30年间滩涂总面积减少了1273.11 km²,平均每年减少45.47 km²;滩涂湿地侵蚀/淤积面积约965.14 km²,0 m等深线冲刷后退减少的面积约为307.97 km²。②苏北滨海滩涂湿地区域差异性明显。南北方向上可划分为6个自然地理单元,东西方向上可划分为3个区域。③苏北滨海滩涂湿地演变中,湿地转型、湿地丧失和湿地演替分别占总面积的38.39%、14.80%、20.51%;其中天然湿地减少354.1 km²,人工湿地增加1061.45 km²,非湿地增加253.09 km²。④滩涂湿地主要植被群落演替特征和空间分布也呈现出差异性。湿地演替主要发生在净变区,与对应岸段的海岸侵蚀/淤积类型基本吻合。     

贵广高铁对沿线旅游城市可达性影响测度及其地域结构系统构建

高速铁路的规划、建设与开通对沿线城市旅游产业发展的重要影响即是缩短城市旅游空间联系的时间距离,提升城市旅游交通的空间可达性,进而提高旅游城市内外部的产业经济联系与要素空间流动的强度。本文以贵广高铁为案例区域,采用可达性模型和GIS空间分析方法测度和构建了贵广高铁对沿线旅游城市的时间距离与可达性变化及其地域结构系统。实证表明:(1)贵广高铁开通后的各沿线旅游城市最短时间距离均表现出明显缩短态势;(2)贵广高铁开通后的从江县、三江县、都匀市、桂林市、肇庆市、怀集县、阳朔县、贵阳市和广州市等各沿线重点旅游城市可达性测度值变化率呈依次降低态势;(3)通过将沿线重点旅游城市可达性测度值在ARCGIS空间模块下分析,并确定了贵广高铁沿线不同等级重点旅游发展点和重点旅游发展轴的基础上,有机形成了2个三级贵州沿线旅游发展板块与广西沿线旅游发展板块、1个二级广东沿线旅游发展板块和1个一级贵广高铁旅游发展板块,进一步构建了贵广高铁影响下的旅游地域结构系统。上述结论为合理优化贵广高铁沿线旅游城市空间结构、协调贵广高铁旅游产业一体化发展提供科学依据。     

关中-天水经济区形成基础及空间结构优化

关中-天水经济区是国家西部大开发"十一五"规划中提出的重点建设的经济区之一,由陕西省的西安、咸阳、渭南、铜川、宝鸡、杨凌五市一区和甘肃省的天水市共同组成。经过两省长期的互补互动,各城市之间相互吸引辐射,空间地域毗邻相连,多种基础设施相通对接,从而形成了相对完整的产业带和经济区。从空间结构理论的角度审视,关中-天水经济区还存在核心不强,区内城市等级体系不完善,地区之间产业趋同、关联度弱等明显制约经济区健康发展的因素,因此,需要通过西安、咸阳两地一体化,建立区域副中心和实施大城市发展战略,城市间实施产业的有序转移和扩散等措施,使关中-天水经济区的空间结构进一步得到优化,以产生特有的结构效益。     

2000—2019年越南人口时空分异特征及其 演变类型

越南是中国重要的海陆邻国,开展其人口分布的研究对揭示越南人口发展规律和服务“一带一路”建设具有重要意义。基于越南2000—2019年人口统计数据,采用GIS空间分析方法揭示了越南21世纪以来人口时空分布特征,并依据人口密度和人口增长速度进一步划分其人口演变类型,最后从地形起伏度,人均GDP和外商投资总额3个因素分析了越南人口时空分异的影响机制。结果表明：①越南人口总量即将突破1亿大关,但人口增长率不断下降,近年来逐渐稳定在1.10%左右。②“南北多中间少,东部沿海多,西部内陆少”是越南人口空间分布总体特征,这与其国土形状与地形特征紧密吻合。近20年越南人口高密度地区基本稳定,全国人口空间分布格局变化较小。③越南人口分布演变类型以中高密度慢速增长为主（61.91%）,而人口快速增长地区可以分为社会经济发达地区的中高密度快速增长与西北部边境和西原地区的低密度快速增长两种类型。④以地形起伏度为代表的自然地理要素决定了越南人口分布的基本格局,以人均GDP和外商投资总额为代表的经济发展水平是人口集疏过程的根本动力,但越南边境地区的人口快速增长则明显受到政府宽松的生育政策和对主体民族京族移民实边政策的影响。