Study on snowmelt runoff simulation in the Kaidu River basin

Alpine snowmelt is an important generation mode for runoff in the source region of the Tarim River basin, which covers four subbasins characterized by large area, sparse gauge stations, mixed runoff supplied by snowmelt and rainfall, and remarkably spatially heterogeneous precipitation. Taking the Kaidu River basin as a research area, this study analyzes the influence of these characteristics on the variables and parameters of the Snow Runoff Model and discusses the corresponding determination strategy to improve the accuracy of snowmelt simulation and forecast. The results show that: (i) The temperature controls the overall tendency of simulated runoff and is dominant to simulation accuracy, as the measured daily mean temperature cannot represent the average level of the same elevation in the basin and that directly inputting it to model leads to inaccurate simulations. Based on the analysis of remote sensing snow maps and simulation results, it is reasonable to approximate the mean temperature with 0.5 time daily maximum temperature. (ii) For the conflict between the limited gauge sta-tion and remarkably spatial heterogeneity of rainfall, it is not realistic to compute rainfall for each elevation zone. After the measured rainfall is multiplied by a proper coefficient and adjusted with runoff coefficient for rainfall, the measured rainfall data can satisfy the model demands. (iii) Adjusting time lag according to the variation of snowmelt and rainfall position can improve the simulation precision of the flood peak process. (iv) Along with temperature, the rainfall increases but cannot be completely monitored by limited gauge stations, which results in precision deterioration.     

An equal area conversion model for rasterization of vector polygons

Vector-raster conversion is one of the classic research topics in the field of Geographical Information Systems (GIS). The algorithms commonly used in GIS are devoted to maintaining the vector polygons' shape characteristics, but neglect the gain and loss of a polygon's area, which is another important attribute. This paper proposes an equal-area conversion model based on an area compensation optimization principle. According to the topological relationship among polygons and boundary grids, a neighborhood compensation principle was adopted to assign the attributes of boundary grids and a global optimization algorithm was developed to minimize area distortion in the whole data set. Two experiments were designed and the results indicated that this algorithm not only guaranteed the area error is as small as possible, but also has the advantage as being adaptive to polygon shape and spatial structure.     

拟合推估新解之一——两步解法

拟合推估的一般模式AmnmZ BrnrY=L Δ（1）通常用双拟合法则（2）求解，它有一定的缺陷^[1] 。本文提出一种解法，分为2步：1、将Y项并入Δ，在单拟合下求X的优估值X。2、把X项纳入L，Y作确定未知量，也在单拟合下求其估值Y。     

3维GIS面向对象数据模型的研究与应用

3维数据模型是3维GIS研究中亟待解决的一个核心问题。在充分分析现有3维数据模型的基础上，从实际应用出发，针对传统模型的不足，提出1种3维GIS面向对象数据模型，以解决空间不规则实体本身，以及实体间复杂关系的描述、表达和组织等关键问题，并给出此模型应用实例，证明此模型的可行性和实用性。     

遥感技术在云南中甸地区煤炭资源调查中的应用

以卫星遥感技术为主要手段,通过遥感地质解译,结合适量的野外调查,综合常规地质资料分析,认为云南中甸地区的含煤目的层为新第三系上新统和第四系更新统。并对该区新生代盆地的形成机制及煤层聚集、赋存规律进行了总结,圈定了5个含煤远景区,为该区进一步进行煤炭资源勘探提供了靶区和基础资料,对解决滇西北严重缺煤的现状有一定的实际意义。     

利用高分辨率航天遥感影像实现城市3维可视化

利用高分辨率遥感影像提取地物数据，并采取面向对象的空间数据模型对数据进行管理，使用虚拟现实技术对城市景观进行3维重建，然后利用有理函数数学模型表示遥感影像与地面之间的构像关系。使用纹理映射技术，构建具有高度真实感的城市3维景观图。     

一种地形图快速扫描矢量化方法

提出了利用adobe的Steamline以及AutoCAD、CorelDraw对纸介图进行扫描矢量化的方法，该方法的主要功能是原图扫描、扫描图矢量化及矢量图校正的处理。经实践应用，其速度、精度等均可满足一般地理信息系统的要求。     

测量监理工作的初步探讨

本文介绍了测量监理工作的主要内容、方法，对道路、桥涵、隧道等工程测量监理工作要点进行了初步探讨。     

变形监测网的质量测度

对变形监测网络的质量测度－精度、灵敏度和可区分度进行了讨论，重点论述了它们之间的关系及应用的条件，并以算例加以论证。