中国地源热泵技术应用及进展

地源热泵技术在中国应用时间不长,但推广应用速度非常快,几乎以每年20%以上的速度增长,尤其在上海世博场馆中大面积推广,取得了很好的节能效果。随着该技术的推广应用和深入研究,我国已掌握了地源热泵的全套技术,并在浅层地热能勘查评价规范、钻孔热反应测试技术、高效地下热交换井以及太阳能与地源热泵技术的联合应用等方面都取得了一些新进展,这些成果的取得将为实现我国2050年的节能减排目标提供技术保障。     

柴达木盆地北缘冷湖地区侏罗系-古近系储层流体包裹体特征与油气运移

柴达木盆地北缘冷湖地区的侏罗系—古近系储层是柴北缘地区的重点勘探对象,通过对采自该区7口典型钻井中的储层岩心样品进行流体包裹体分析,揭示了油气运移的一些基本特征。首先,根据储层含油气包裹体丰度的差异,认为冷湖地区并不存在从五号→四号→三号构造的顺层油气运移指向,油气主要自昆特依凹陷呈放射状向构造带运移。其次,储层油气包裹体类型的差异表明,深部侏罗系储层中曾经接受过一期成熟度较低的石油充注,但规模可能有限;冷湖地区可能并不存在大规模的天然气聚集;原油普遍遭受过水洗降解等次生变化。最后,综合包裹体岩相学和显微测温结果,提出本区侏罗系—古近系储层中目前所发现的油气大多为中新世后形成。这些认识为区域油气深入勘探提供了重要的基础参考信息。     

山区公路路基边坡地质灾害远程监测预报系统开发及应用

针对山区公路路基边坡点状分布、数量较多、规模相对较小且易受人类活动和环境变化影响的特点,确立了以位移和降雨量为主的监测原则,基于GPRS技术,集成触发式位移计、容栅式雨量计、数据采集传输模块和太阳能供电装置,形成了经济、节能、高效的单体边坡远程监测硬件系统。采用Visual C++网络编程技术,以SQL Server2005为数据库平台,开发了地质灾害远程监测预报软件系统,实现了数据的远程实时接收和可视化分析管理。由于公路边坡变形破坏模式多样,系统还集成了多种时间预测模型,建立了边坡变形预报模型库。通过在常吉高速公路的安装运行,系统成功地进行远程实时监控,保障了极端天气下公路的安全运营。     

龙门山构造带南段向西南延伸的遥感影像证据及地震地质意义

在系统总结活动断裂遥感影像解译标志的基础上,利用Landsat ETM、Google Earth及ASTER GDEM等影像资料,结合前人研究成果,重点分析了龙门山构造带南段主要活动断裂的空间展布及几何学与运动学特征。研究结果表明,龙门山构造带在向南延伸过程中发生了明显的断裂分散现象,整个断裂带逐渐展宽,主要包括5条断裂带且其中包含多条次级断裂,至最南端被北西向鲜水河左旋走滑断裂带阻挡。其中活动性较为明显的断裂自西向东主要有4条:泸定断裂、天全断裂、芦山断裂和大邑-名山断裂,前两者是北川-映秀断裂的南延分支,而后两者是安县-灌县断裂的南延部分。由于龙门山构造带南段的构造变形被分解至多条次级断裂上,导致单条断裂错断地表的活动迹象明显变弱,因此单条断裂的潜在发震频率和强度也将相应变小,但潜在震源区会更为分散。结合已有的地震地质资料认为,未来应注意泸定和雅安2个地区的地壳稳定性及未来强震危险性问题。      

惠民凹陷古近系碎屑岩次生孔隙纵向分布规律

为了在油气勘探的过程中更加准确地预测有效储层的分布, 根据铸体薄片、扫描电镜、碳酸盐含量、镜质体反射率、粘土矿物以及储层物性等数据, 研究了惠民凹陷古近系砂岩次生孔隙的纵向分布规律.在小于1400m的深度, 砂岩的孔隙主要为压实和胶结之后的原生粒间孔隙; 在埋深超过1400m以后开始出现少量次生孔隙, 在1400~1500m深度范围形成原生孔隙与次生孔隙并存的混合孔隙带; 超过1500m, 大量的次生孔隙出现在1500~2300m和2700~4000m的2个深度段.所收集的砂岩孔隙度和渗透率数据在纵向上的变化关系也间接证实了这一点.次生孔隙主要为长石溶蚀成因, 碳酸盐胶结物溶蚀是次要的.在次生孔隙发育带内, 惠民凹陷烃源岩演化产生大量有机酸和泥岩中的粘土矿物迅速脱水是产生溶蚀作用形成次生孔隙的直接原因.      

基于原生裂隙重张试验确定围岩块体边界法向应力分布规律研究

由于地下工程处于一定水平的地应力环境中,块体边界法向应力概化的正确与否直接关系到块体的稳定性分析结果,现通过实测途径确定块体边界法向应力的研究还较少。基于大型地下厂房块体稳定性分析,通过在块体范围及邻区不同方向布置多个钻孔,首次将原生裂隙重张试验引入到块体边界法向应力的测定,对开挖后与块体主要边界产状相近的所有原生裂隙的法向应力进行了测试,成功取得了块体边界上的法向应力状态及其空间变化规律。研究结果表明：洞室开挖完成后,块体边界应力分布不均匀,但具一定规律,垂直向表现为从浅部到深部结构面的法向应力依次增大,在水平向上,随与洞室开挖面距离的增大而增大;结构面的法向应力实测值稍小于基于围岩应力的估算值,但总体一致。该成果可为确定围岩块体的边界力学状态和应力模型简化提供参考和依据。     

湖北清江和尚洞风化岩壁放线菌分离及基于16S rRNA的种类分析

为探究湖北清江和尚洞岩壁放线菌物种组成及其与碳酸盐岩相互作用的关系,分别采集该洞穴无光区风化岩壁样品2份（W1和W2）和弱光区风化岩壁样品1份（W3）,采用经改良的5种已知放线菌分离培养基及1种自主设计的风化岩壁浸汁培养基两种策略优化设计分离培养基。采用稀释涂布法分离放线菌,并选择放线菌特异引物进行16S rRNA基因扩增和序列测定并构建系统发育树。结果表明,从3份风化岩壁样品中共纯化到放线菌72株,分属于放线菌纲（Actinobacteria）的4个属:链霉菌属（Streptomyces,69株）、红球菌属（Rhodococcus,1株）、冢村氏菌属（Tsukamurella,1株）和微杆菌属（Microbacterium,1株）,其中链霉菌属为优势菌属。无光区样品W1和W2分离到菌株较少,分别为9株和10株,而弱光区样品W3分离到菌株较多,为53株。研究结果为进一步研究放线菌与洞穴碳酸盐矿物相互作用的潜在关系奠定了基础。      

包头市地下水质量评价

地下水质量评价为保护和开发地下水资源,防止和控制地下水污染,保障人民身体健康提供科学依据。结合相关地下水调查资料采用单指标评价、内梅罗指数和模糊综合评价三种方法,对包头市地下水水质分别进行评价,通过对评价结果综合分析认为:模糊综合评价结果更符合区域地下水总体特征,包头市潜水Ⅳ类、Ⅴ类占到取样点总数的36%,质量整体较差;承压水Ⅰ—Ⅲ类遍及包头市全区,质量整体较好。     

新疆开展区域农业地质调查的必要性和建议

通过对新疆农业地质资料的研究，指出了当前新疆农业地质研究方面存在的不足，阐述了区域农业地质研究的意义，提出了在新疆进行区域农业地质研究的方向、内容，以及工作部署建议．     

Nature and Evolution of Pre-Neoproterozoic Continental Crust in South China: A Review and Tectonic Implications

South China as an amalgamation of the Yangtze and Cathaysia blocks is composed of Archean to Mesoproterozoic basement overlain by Neoproterozoic and younger cover. Both the constituent Yangtze and Cathaysia blocks contain well-preserved Neoproterozoic rocks that have been extensively studied in terms of the age and tectonic nature, but less is known about their earlier crustal history due to the incomplete rock record. Recent efforts in investigating the yet survived crustal nature based on isotopic and elemental signatures preserved in igneous and sedimentary rocks have steadily improved our knowledge about the pre-Neoproterozoic continental crustal evolution in South China. In this paper, we summarize the up-to-date pre-Neoproterozoic records, including petrological, geochronological, geochemical and geophysical data, across South China, and discuss its spatiotemporal patterns of the pre-Neoproterozoic crust and the relevant tectonic events. While the xenocrystic/inherited and detrital zircon records suggest widespread Archean (mainly ca. 2.5 Ga) crustal components within both the Yangtze and Cathaysia blocks, exposed Archean rocks are only limited to isolated crustal provinces in the Yangtze Block. These Archean rocks are dominated by TTGs (tonalite-trondhjemite-granodiorite) with varied ages (3.3–2.5 Ga) and zircon Hf isotopes, indicating a compositionally heterogeneous nature of the Archean Yangtze Block and, by inference, the development of multiple ancient terranes. The early Paleoproterozoic (2.4–2.2 Ga) tectonomagmatic events characterize the western Yangtze Block and are supportive of an east-west subdivision of the Yangtze basement, whereas the late Paleoproterozoic (2.1–1.7 Ga) orogeneses may have affected a larger area covering both the western and eastern parts of the Yangtze Block, and also the Cathaysia Block. The eastern Yangtze Block with generally northeastward-younging late Paleoproterozoic magmatism and metamorphism likely experienced a prolonged 2.05–1.75 Ga orogenic process welding the various Archean proto-continents, consistent with the documentation of a buried late Paleoproterozoic orogenic belt imaged by deep seismic profiling from its central part and of a slightly older ophiolitic mélange in the northern part. The Cathaysia Block was probably involved in a short-lived 1.9–1.8 Ga orogenic event. The two orogeneses overlapped in time and may have contributed to the cratonization of a possible unified South China, and are referred to be linked with the assembly of the Nuna Supercontinent. The subsequent late Paleoproterozoic to early Mesoproterozoic rift successions and intrusions (1.7–1.5 Ga) in the southwestern Yangtze Block, and the ca. 1.43 Ga rifting in Hainan Island of the Cathaysia Block could be responses to the Nuna break-up. Late Mesoproterozoic (1.2–1.0 Ga) magmatism of varied age and nature in different localities of the Yangtze Block is reflective of a complex tectonic process in the context of the assembly of the Rodinia Supercontinent. Similar-aged metamorphism (1.3–1.0 Ga) is recorded in Hainan Island, reflecting the Grenvillian continental collision during the Rodinia assembly, but further studies are necessary to better constrain the late Mesoproterozoic tectonic framework of South China.