土壤有机质高光谱估算研究进展

土壤有机质是土壤的重要组成部分,对许多土壤属性有重要影响.利用光谱技术进行土壤有机质的快速测定是实现精细农业的基础.近几十年中,高光谱技术的发展为土壤研究提供了新的手段.受土壤有机质质量分数、组成以及土壤水分、土壤质地的影响,室内光谱的估算结果总体较好;受大气、地表植被等影响,航空或卫星的成像光谱估算精度较低.星载成像技术的进步将在一定程度上提高土壤有机质的估算精度,为快速、大范围土壤有机质质量分数的遥感制图提供技术支持.     

干、湿环境下中尺度对流系统发生的环流背景和地面特征分析

对2007～2010 年暖季(6～9 月)发生在江淮和黄淮流域46 个对流天气过程的环流背景和地面特征进行了统计研究。根据整层可降水量小于或大于等于50 mm 将这些个例发生的环境分成干环境(10 个个例)和湿环境(36 个个例)。干环境下发生强对流的天气形势可以分为槽后型和副高边缘型,湿环境下的天气形势可分为槽前型、副高边缘型和槽后型,湿环境下有明显的暖湿区配合。湿环境下槽前型发生的概率最高,地面系统较为复杂,有静止锋、倒槽、冷锋和暖锋,而干环境下在本研究的个例中无槽前型发生。干、湿环境下副高边缘型的对流,从地面到500 hPa 都发生在副高后部的“S”流型的拐弯处,但部分湿环境个例低层有切变线。干环境下槽后型的发生概率较高,而湿环境下发生概率则相对较少。由这些研究表明,干、湿环境下强对流系统的触发和维持机制存在明显的差异。     

“纳沙”、“尼格”强度和结构差异对海南暴雨分布的影响

2011年9月14日-10月5日,“纳沙”和“尼格”2个台风先后登陆海南,均产生了较强的区域性暴雨或大暴雨.利用常规资料,对这2个台风的移动路径和暴雨形成机制进行了对比分析.分析结果表明,台风登陆后,由于副高形态及其演变的不同,使得两个台风路径变化不同.利用0.5°×0.5°NCEP全球再分析资料和常规气象要素、中尺度自动站和日本静止卫星0.05°×0.05°TBB等资料,综合分析登陆台风“纳沙”、“尼格”强度和结构差异对海南暴雨分布的影响.结果表明:台风中心附近环境风垂直切变密集带的跨度变化与台风强度相关,日平均海表温度与热带气旋(TC)强度维持或加强密切相关;登陆TC动力结构和水汽辐合的不对称分布导致台风暴雨落区和强度存在显著差异,强降水与局地发生的对流云对应较好时表现为明显的对流性降水,对降水有增幅作用.     

A Preliminary Research on the Development of the Hard X-ray Imaging Telescope

The hard X-ray imaging telescope based on the Fourier transform imaging technique is introduced. The double-layer parallel gratings are used to make the modulation and coding on the light emerging from a celestial X-ray source, the modulated light is acquired, to make the optoelectronic conversion by scintillation crystal detectors, and ?nally read out by the electronic system. The modulation collimator X-ray telescopes can be divided into two types: the spatial modulation and temporal modulation. The temporal modulation system requires the scanning motion of the detector system, but the spatial modulation system requires no motion. The technology of grating fabrication is investigated, and the basic structure design of the collimators is given. The principal compo- nents of the prototype hard X-ray imaging telescope of spatial modulation type are successfully developed, including the 8 CsI crystal detector modules (contain- ing photomultipliers or PMTs), 8-channel shaping ampli?ers (two of them are prepared for experiments), and the data acquisition system. And the preliminary test results of the electronic system are also given.     

基于ANSYS的SUC鼓型橡胶护舷防冲板的有限元分析

鼓型橡胶护舷防冲板是港口防冲体系中的重要装置,如何有效合理分析复杂船舶荷载冲击下的受力特点是进行其结构设计的关键技术问题.以大连某实际工程为例,基于通用有限元软件ANSYS建立了 SUC鼓型橡胶护舷防冲板的三维计算模型,开展了四种典型靠泊方式的仿真研究.针对防冲板中的关键部位进行了应力和变形研究,并对护舷选型及船舶停泊...     

VLBI相位校正信号提取的软件实现方法

从VLBI相关处理结果中提取的延迟值包括了天线、终端等设备的时延,必须对其加以修正,最终结果才能达到精度要求。提取相位校正信号,可以消除这些设备引入的时延,从而校正同一波前信号到达基线两端的几何时延。该文介绍了提取相位校正信号的原理、算法及软件实现方法。软件采用多线程和SSE技术,具备4台站多通道全部相位校正信号提取能力。     

Structural Control of Sand Bodies and Deep Exploration for Oil and Gas

The structural styles can be used to analyses and predict developments and distributions of sand bodies in a rift basin. The dynamic process of faulting and sedimentation can be expressed as follow: the basin topography controlled by fault activity can control water dynamics; which in turn affect the transport and sedimentation of sediments. The corresponding analysis between structural styles and sand depositional types includes the following aspects: (1) in section, the corresponding between development of fault terraces and sand depositional types; (2) in plane, the relationship between faults' association and distributions of sand bodies. There are four types of terrace styles to be identified. They are Steep Slope Single Fault Terrace (SSSFT), Steep Slope Multiple Fault Terrace (SSMFT), Gentle Slope (GS) and Gentle Slope Multiple Fault Terrace (GSMFT), which also can be divided into six subtypes by the timing of the faults activities and the directions of their activity migrations (basinward and landward or marginward). They correspond to the following sand depositions such as alluvial fan, fan delta and turbidite fan etc.. The analysis of structure-sedimentation is a discussion on the rank Ⅲ sequence evolution under the condition of pulsing or episodic fault activities. It has been recognized four plane fault associations such as the comb, the broom, the fork and the fault-fold association as well as the corresponding sand distributions. Structural-sedimentary models above mentioned are significant for the deep oil and gas exploration when lacking of the drill data. It may reduce multiple resolutions in the interpretation of seismic-sedimentary facies and promote sand predictions through the constraints of the structural styles of the basin units. The structural-sedimentary pattern can be used as a geological model in oil and gas exploration in the rift basins.     

计算机制图综合的研究进展

本文简明而较全面地评述利用计算机进行制图综合研究之发展的过去和现状,并展望该领域的未来发展趋势。     

VLBI软件相关处理机系统中的数据预处理方法

在绕月探测工程VLBI数据处理中心的软件相关处理机系统中，各VLBI观测站采集的原始数据必须经过预处理才能进行相关处理与条纹搜索等运算。处理机预处理模块对来自各个观测站的MARK5观测数据进行模式判别、寻找同步头、计算CRC校验码、时间同步等操作，生成时间长度为1min的标准Linux文件，并存放于硬盘阵列上，供相关处理和条纹搜索使用。预处理模块和软件相关处理模块、条纹搜索模块协调配合，保证了软件相关处理机系统在准实时和事后两种观测模式下的性能指标。     

用CE-318太阳光度计资料研究银川地区气溶胶光学厚度特性

根据CE-318数据,利用Bouguer定律计算了银川地区的大气气溶胶光学厚度,并分析其变化特征。结果表明,该地区大气气溶胶光学厚度具有明显的日变化和季节变化。日变化有4种类型：1)变化相对稳定;2)整体上呈上升的趋势;3)早晚小,中午大;4)早晨09-11时出现峰值,其他时间变化较小。季节变化则是冬、春季节大,秋季次之,夏季最小;春季大气中的主要成分是沙尘,冬季大气的主要成分是人类活动排放的颗粒物,夏季由于降水多,气溶胶数浓度较低,气溶胶光学厚度较小。