基于路网数据和复杂图论的中国城市交通布局评价

城市化的快速发展推动了我国城市道路网的不断扩张和发展.城市道路网是一个动态、开放、自组织的空间复杂网络,构成了城市的结构框架,研究城市道路网的结构特征对路网规划和城市建设有着重要的应用价值.在国内城市道路网络结构特征的相关研究中,很少有学者基于道路走向的视角对整个城市路网结构进行研究,也缺少对全国主要城市路网的整体性评...     

我国核电厂设计中考虑的自然灾害综述与建议

我国是目前世界在建核电机组最多的国家,总装机容量世界第三,是名副其实的核大国,核安全是国家安全的重要内容,被提到了前所未有的高度.同时,我国也是世界上自然灾害最严重的国家之一,包括核电厂在内的重大工程建设高度重视自然灾害防御设计.日本311地震海啸引起福岛核事故后,核电厂设计中增强了对超设计基准自然灾害的考虑.本文对核...     

预测华北地区年度地震趋势的支持向量机分类方法

以太阳黑子数、地球自转速率变化数据和全球7级以上地震应变释放量作为预测因子,使用支持向量机分类方法建模预测中国华北地区年度地震强度,预测准确率为0.93,表明该方法具有较好的预测效果.     

Effects of soil conservation practices on soil erosion and the size selectivity of eroded sediment on cultivated slopes

Soil conservation practices can greatly affect the soil erosion process, but limited information is available about its influence on the particle size distribution(PSD) of eroded sediment, especially under natural rainfall. In this study, the runoff, sediment yields, and effective/ultimate PSD were measured under two conventional tillage practices, downhill ridge tillage(DT) and plat tillage(PT) and three soil conservation practices, contour ridge tillage(CT), mulching with downhill ridge tillage(MDT), and mulching with contour ridge tillage(MCT) during 21 natural rainfall events in the lower Jinsha River. The results showed that(1) soil conservation practices had a significant effect on soil erosion. The conventional tillage of DT caused highest runoff depth(0.58 to 29.13 mm) and sediment yield(0.01 to 3.19 t hm-2). Compared with DT, the annual runoff depths and sediment yields of CT, MDT and MCT decreased by 12.24%-49.75% and 40.79%-88.30%, respectively.(2) Soil conservation practices can reduce the decomposition of aggregates in sediments. The ratios of effective and ultimate particle size(E/U) of siltand sand-sized particles of DT and PT plots were close to 1, indicating that they were transported as primary particles, however, values lower/greater than 1 subject to CT, MDT and MCT plots indicated they were transported as aggregates. The ratios of E/U of claysized particles were all less than 1 independently of tillage practices.(3) The sediments of soil conservation practices were more selective than those of conventional tillage practices. For CT, MDT and MCT plots, the average enrichment ratios(ERs) of clay, silt and sand were 1.99, 1.93 and 0.42, respectively, with enrichment of clay and silt and depletion of sand in sediments. However, the compositions of the eroded sediments of DT and PT plots were similar to that of the original soil. These findings support the use of both effective and ultimate particle size distributions for studying the size selectivity of eroded sediment, and provide a scientific basis for revealing the erosion mechanism in the purple soil area of China.     

微波照射下火成岩升温特性和升温预测模型研究

微波辅助破岩可有效降低刀具磨损,提高破岩效率,具有广阔的发展前景.文章选取了10种火成岩进行微波加热试验,发现岩石的升温速率主要与岩石所含矿物的种类、含量,及岩石中的Fe元素含量有关.岩石所含矿物越敏感、含量越多,岩石中的Fe元素含量越大时,其升温速率越高.整体而言,火成岩中基性岩的升温速率最高、中性岩次之、酸性岩最低...     

2005年6月20日柳州市大暴雨渍涝灾害模拟分析

利用柳州市城市暴雨渍涝气象预警系统,对2005年6月20日柳州市出现了有记录以来最严重的城市渍涝灾害进行了模拟分析,结果表明:该系统具有较强的渍涝动态监测和预报能力,对拓展城市灾害预报服务领域,提高城市暴雨渍涝灾害监测、预报、灾害风险评估水平具有一定的参考作用。     

Quality influencing factors of dispersion curves from short period dense arrays based on a convolutional neural network across the north section of the Xiaojiang fault area

The number of dispersion curves increases significantly when the scale of a short-period dense array increases. Owing to a substantial increase in data volume, it is important to quickly evaluate dispersion curve quality as well as select the available dispersion curve. Accordingly, this study quantitatively evaluated dispersion curve quality by training a convolutional neural network model for ambient noise tomography using a short-period dense array. The model can select high-quality dispersio...     

滇西姚安金矿床磷灰石化学特征及指示意义

姚安金矿床位于金沙江-哀牢山富碱斑岩带中段,大地构造位置处于扬子板块西缘与三江特提斯造山带结合部位,其成矿与新生代富碱岩浆-岩浆热液密切相关.野外调查发现矿化仅存在于黑云母正长斑岩体内,而与黑云母正长斑岩空间关系密切的石英正长斑岩却未发现矿化.为探讨黑云母正长斑岩与石英正长斑岩岩体含矿性差异,运用电子探针、LA-ICP...     

北极苔原新奥尔松地区的地表辐射特征

利用我国北极黄河站所在地,德国Koldewey站1993-2003年的资料,对新奥尔松地区的地表辐射特征进行了初步分析。结果表明,由于云的影响,新奥尔松极昼期间的日照百分率仅为32.2%。暖季由于下垫面地表冰雪融化,地表反射率迅速减小,地面吸收辐射和地面有效辐射都迅速增大。全年累计的净辐射为正值;暖季是接受太阳辐射能的主要时段,寒季接受的太阳辐射能极少。虽近10年来新奥尔松地区的气温增加十分显著,但各辐射量的变化趋势不明显。地表辐射实测值与同期NCEP/NCAR相邻格点逐日资料的比较表明,NCEP资料对各辐射项模拟的精度不高。     

孤立冰块流拖曳系数的优化辨识

流拖曳系数是海冰动力学模型中的重要参数,实际海冰运动时受到水流的底面剪切作用和侧面正压力作用,相应的拖曳系数分别为摩拖曳系数和形拖曳系数。利用实验室波流水槽设备,对长方平底、长方粗糙底和圆饼型淡水冰试样进行拖曳运动试验,获得26组冰样运动数据。根据这些试验数据,利用动量法原理和数学优化方法构造了摩拖曳系数和形拖曳系数的辨识模型,将摩拖曳系数和形拖曳系数两项分开。在此基础上,分析了冰样粗糙度指标(支承长度率和冰厚均方根偏差)对这两个系数的影响;发现了摩拖曳系数同冰样水平尺寸和垂直尺寸之比的关系,该关系能将冰山和浮冰的摩拖曳系数归结到同一条曲线上。