执行器退化的遥机器人系统量化反馈容错控制

针对遥机器人系统中存在执行器退化、控制输入量化,且编、解码端的量化灵敏度参数不匹配的问题,设计了遥机器人系统的鲁棒量化反馈容错控制系统.控制器结构的线性部分由线性矩阵不等式给出,旨在解决系统指标性能问题,非线性部分则用于处理量化参数不匹配问题.经稳定性理论证明,提出的鲁棒量化反馈容错控制方法能消除执行器退化及量化参数不匹配等的影响,并确保从机器人能渐近跟踪主机器人.最后,算例仿真验证了方法的有效性.     

论虚拟地理环境对地理知识的表达与共享

地理知识是通过对地理科学领域独特的背景、过程和结果进行解释而得到的知识。如何有效表达和共享地理知识是地理学研究和应用中的重要问题。本文首先将地理知识划分为3个层次,事实型知识、规则及控制型知识和决策型知识,分析了不同阶段地理语言对地理知识表达与共享的支持能力。对比地图和GIS语言,发现新一代地理语言—虚拟地理环境VGEs(Virtual Geographic Environments)能够较为全面地支持3个层次的地理知识。针对VGEs,从多个角度分析了其服务于地理知识表达与共享的能力,包括虚实结合理论、地理模型库及管理系统、动态可视化表达和异地协同工作环境。结合面向珠江三角洲地区空气质量研究问题的虚拟地理环境平台,对上述各方面进行了阐述。最后从地理知识生成、管理与应用角度对未来研究提出展望。     

面向应用的航天遥感科学论证研究

为适应中国民用航天遥感从科学试验向业务服务模式转变,更好地探索、了解与解决应用需求与航天遥感系统对接等方面遇到的技术问题,促进航天遥感统筹协调可持续发展,中国适时于2004年成立了国家航天局航天遥感论证中心。10余年来,论证中心以航天遥感系统为研究对象,系统开展了面向应用的航天遥感科学论证概念、理论方法、技术工程与应用研究。本文是论证中心团队长期从事航天遥感科学论证研究与实践的系统总结,介绍了遥感论证初步认知、遥感论证关注问题、遥感论证理论体系与模型方法集、遥感论证能力建设及遥感论证实践等方面内容,给出了遥感论证定义并详细分析了研究范围和内容,提出了由知识维、进程维和逻辑维所组成的遥感论证作用域3维空间结构,指出社会发展加快和信息化水平提高,带动整个航天遥感数据信息链向更大规模、更短响应时间周期、更综合数据集成、更高数据质量、更加智能化方向发展,航天遥感系统将进入新的"智慧遥感"发展阶段。得益于十余年来中国民用航天快速发展,我们经历了风云三号新型载荷校飞、多角度多光谱偏振遥感器论证、环境星应用工程论证等实践,取得了多方面理论方法的突破,并应用到2030民用航天发展规划、高分辨率对地观测系统、国家自然灾害空间信息基础设施、国家民用空间基础设施中长期发展、2030中国综合地球观测系统规划等论证当中。经过不断实践,快速迭代,形成了遥感论证理论体系及相应的十大模型方法,包括遥感信息流模型、遥感信息特征模型、遥感信息应用模型、遥感信息量分析模型、遥感数据工程模型、航天遥感系统结构模型、航天遥感系统状态描述模型、航天遥感系统质量模型、航天遥感系统发展动力模型及能力体系模型。这些模型方法全面反映了航天遥感系统特征、结构、状态、发展动力、条件等,可广泛用于对航天遥感系统进行顶层设计、规划、考察、分析、评价、预测,并开展实践探索。     

Carbon emission mitigation through regulatory policies and operations adaptation in supply chains: theoretic developments and extensions

Along with carbon emission regulations launched by governments and consumers’ rising concerns about climate changes and global carbon footprint, interests of academia and industry have risen in carbon-efficient supply chain management. This research focuses on some product supply chain to make a literature review-based investigation on proposing a theoretical framework. We also solve potential research issues of how diverse carbon emission regulations can work on supply chain performance as well as emission; in what way we can find coordination mechanisms and optimal policies for supply chain operations to abate emission and enhance system profitability within different scenarios; and also to evaluate the effect on emission reduction for each emission regulation aforementioned through comparing their associated supply chain performances and system emission. Both practitioners in industry and academia might find this study useful, as it generates concepts with a formal framework of potential and values theoretical issues in the emerging field of carbon-efficient supply chain management which combines carbon emission regulations with mature operation management to enrich the theory of supply chain management. This study is perhaps to be valuable and constructive both for operational decisions in firms and for the enactment as well as implementation of emission-reduction regulations. This study should activate further potential researches.     

南京周家山下蜀黄土石英颗粒特征及其物源意义

下蜀黄土的成因和物源一直是学术界研究的热点。对南京周家山下蜀黄土的石英粒度和石英表面微结构进行分析,结果显示:粉砂粒级石英颗粒（5~50 μm）占绝对优势;<20 μm组分平均含量为42.76%,<30 μm组分平均含量为62.98%;粒度分布曲线和累积曲线总体具有颗粒偏细,呈正偏态,分选较差,峰形尖锐,双峰曲线不对称的特征;粒级-标准偏差曲线呈“双峰”分布,两个明显的标准偏差峰值分别出现在7.962 1 μm和39.905 2 μm。石英颗粒表面形态主要以次棱角状为主;表面机械结构具有丰富的蝶形坑、曲脊、贝壳状断口,部分表面出现平行节理面、V形坑;不同粒级组分表面形态和机械结构特征存在差异。分析表明,南京周家山下蜀黄土属典型风成成因堆积物,是多源区物质高度混合搬运堆积的结果。     

The effect of slight to minor biodegradation on C<Subscript>6</Subscript> to C<Subscript>7</Subscript> light hydrocarbons in crude oils: a case study from Dawanqi Oilfield in the Tarim Basin,NW China

Light hydrocarbons (LHs) are one of the main petroleum fractions in crude oils, and carry much information regarding the genetic origin and alteration of crude oils. But secondary alterations—especially biodegradation—have a significant effect on the composition of LHs in crude oils. Because most of the LHs affected in oils underwent only slight biodegradation (rank 1 on the biodegradation scale), the variation of LHs can be used to describe more the refined features of biodegradation. Here, 23 crude oils from the Dawanqi Oilfield in the Tarim Basin, NW China, eleven of which have been biodegraded to different extents, were analyzed in order to investigate the effect of slight to minor biodegradation on C₆–C₇ LHs. The study results showed that biodegradation resulted in the prior depletion of straight-chained alkanes, followed by branched alkanes. In slight and minor biodegraded oils, such biodegradation scale could not sufficiently affect C₆–C₇ cycloalkanes. For branched C₆–C₇ alkanes, generally, monomethylalkanes are biodegraded earlier than dimethylalkanes and trimethylalkanes, which indicates that branched alkanes are more resistant to biodegradation, with the increase of substituted methyl groups on parent rings. The degree of alkylation is one of the primary controlling factors on the biodegradation of C₆–C₇ LHs. There is a particular case: although 2,2,3-trimethylbutane has a relative higher alkylation degree, 2,2-dimethylpentane is more resistant to biodegradation than 2,2,3-trimethylbutane. 2,2-Dimethylpentane is the most resistant to biodegradation in branched C₆–C₇ alkanes. Furthermore, the 2-methylpentane/3-methylpentane and 2-methylhexane/3-methylhexane ratios decreased steadily with increasing biodegradation, which implies that isomers of bilateral methyl groups are more prone to bacterial attack relative to mid-chain isomers. The position of the alkyls on the carbon skeleton is also one of the critical factors controlling the rate of biodegradation. With increasing biodegradation, Mango’s LH parameters K1 values decrease and K2 values increase, the values of n-heptane and isoheptane decrease, and the indices of methylcyclohexane and cyclohexane increase. LH parameters should be applied cautiously for the biodegraded oils. Because biodegraded samples belong to slight or minor biodegraded oils, the values of n-heptane and isoheptane from Dawanqi Oilfield can better reflect and determine the “Biodegraded” zone. When the heptane value is 0–21 and the isoheptane value is 0–2.6, the crude oil in Dawanqi Oilfield is defined as the “Biodegraded” zone.     

四川观音梁子锰矿床地质特征及找矿意义

观音梁子锰矿赋存于寒武系邱家河组中,是龙门山中段在邱家河组中新发现的工业锰矿床。通过矿区勘探工作及室内观察、测试等手段,对矿区成矿地质背景、含锰岩系、矿体及矿石矿物特征、矿床成因、找矿前景等方面进行了初步总结分析。研究发现,观音梁子锰矿为典型的沉积型锰矿床,矿体呈层状产于邱家河组三段硅质白云岩中,延伸较稳定,严格受层位的控制;矿石类型为菱锰矿型,主要由菱锰矿、硫锰矿、水锰矿等组成。早寒武世,龙门山地区由于地壳拉张裂陷形成深海盆地,在还原环境下,锰元素与碳酸根直接结合形成碳酸锰矿物,稳定的物源、深海还原环境为锰矿富集提供了有利的成矿环境。观音梁子锰矿的发现,证实了龙门山北段邱家河组含锰层位的存在,为龙门山中段的锰矿找矿提供了契机,同时显示了寒武系邱家河组具有良好的找锰远景。     

Analysis on Marine Science and Technology Strategy and Key Layout of Japan and the Inspirations to China

The Basic Ocean Law (BOL) and Basic Ocean Plan (BLP) are important guarantee for the maritime strategy of Japan, which has established a complete policy system for the development of marine science and technology. On the other hand, the Japanese Government has started some major marine strategies and plans to promote the BLP. In this paper, the marine science and technology plans launched by the Japanese Government and its participation in the international cooperative research projects were introduced. The research of Japan Marine Science and Technology Center and the University of Tokyo Institute of Oceanography in the long-term planning and focus on the layout features, deep sea research technology layout, contents and advanced equipment were analyzed. At last, some recommendations for China’s development on marine science and technology were proposed, such as strengthening the legislation work and process, carrying out research and development of marine infrastructure with independent intellectual property rights, actively participating in international large-scale ocean plan, improving the discourse right and enhancing national maritime awareness and suggestions and so on.