利用排序多元Logit模型研究城市居民的 居住区位选择

本文将北京、上海、广州、武汉和重庆五城市的居住区位调查数据,利用排序多元Logit模型研究城市居民对居住区位的选择行为进行了实证分析。影响区位选择的因素可归纳为家庭层面和城市层面两部分,前者包括收入、工作地点、对环境的偏好等,后者则包括住房价格、城市扩张程度、郊区市政设施便利程度等,实证结果表明这些因素的影响都是显著的,且符合理论预期。收入较高的群体仍喜好选择距离城市中心偏近的居住区位,郊区基础设施和公共服务设施的不完善是制约其向郊区转移的主要因素。这些实证结论能够对城市发展布局和居住用地的规划开发起到决策支持作用。     

MT时间序列的FIR数字滤波分析

大地电磁测深法(MT)野外观测得到的原始资料是包含多种频谱的时间序列,这种时间序列中常包含不需要的信息和50 Hz及其谐波的干扰。结合FIR数字滤波技术与MT时间序列的特征,提出了一种基于FIR数字滤波技术的MT时间序列去噪方法,讨论了FIR数字滤波器的原理和实现,分析了理论数据通过FIR数字滤波的带通和陷波处理,探讨了对实测时间序列的带通和陷波所取得的效果。     

Surface characterization of maize-straw-derived biochars and their sorption performance for MTBE and benzene

Biochars generated at various temperatures might show significant differences in sorption for organic contaminants. In this study, a series of biochars, generated from pyrolyzing maize straws at different temperatures, were systematically characterized. The characterization results showed that with increasing pyrolysis temperature, the surface areas, micropore areas and aromaticity of biochars were enhanced. Batch experiments were conducted to study methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) and benzene sorption to biochars. The results indicated that the sorption capacity of benzene to biochars was higher than that of MTBE. The higher pyrolyzed temperature of biochars resulted in a stronger sorption affinity for target compounds, and the dominant sorption mechanisms varied for biochars pyrolyzed at different temperatures. The sorption to biochars pyrolyzed at 700 and 800 °C performed a high adsorption capacity, which indicated that they might be a promising sorbent to remove MTBE and benzene from water. Biochar pyrolyzed at 400 °C showed transitional sorption mechanisms from partition to adsorption for MTBE and benzene. Pore-filling was a possible sorption mechanism to biochars pyrolyzed at high temperature.     

基于植被指数的多光谱影像真彩色合成方法

福建省多丘陵、山地,植被覆盖度高,若采用直接真彩色合成或整幅波段加权后真彩色合成效果都不佳,尤其是植被区部分,可以利用植被指数对植被区单独进行波段加权处理后再进行真彩色合成,从而达到理想的效果。最后通过对ALOS和QB数据的试验,分别采用定性和定量比较方法,认为该方法效果最好,并且具有很好的实用性和可操作性。     

常量金标准物质定值中离群值的统计识别

离群值的剔除常用数理统计的方法,如格拉布斯检验法和迪克逊检验法等,但是这些统计方法用于常量金标准物质分析结果的统计检验,都存在着对离群值剔除明显不够的问题.本文建立了以常量金重复分析相对偏差允许限为依据的离群值统计识别方法,包括统计计算待定值样品中金的算术平均值x和相对偏差允许限YG,确定合格的测定结果的数据区间,从而识别出离群值并予以剔除;一次剔除后,按照新的统计量确定下一轮的离群值剔除范围,直到无离群值后,给出金的平均值及其波动范围.以15个人工组合的常量金标准物质为例,模拟金标准物质定值分析,以密码形式分派给不同单位和分析者,共收集10套独立分析结果,采用本法剔除离群值后,所得金算术平均值与金标准参考值更加接近,其相对偏差的质量分数为0.35,达到优秀;而格拉布斯法(或迪克逊法)和中位值法的质量分数分别为0.42和0.40,只能达到良好.应用本文建立的离群值统计识别方法,质量分数等级有了明显提高,增强了数据统计分析的有效性.     

国有企业法律风险防范机制的建立与健全

随着国有企业现代企业制度的建立，我国各项法律法规也日益完善。企业如何实现依法经营、强化内部管理，运用法律手段化解经营风险，是当前国有企业亟待解决的问题。国务院国资委下发的《中央企业重大法律纠纷案件管理暂行办法》要求中央企业逐步建立法律风险防范机制，设立企业法律顾问，把依法经营纳入企业管理的各个环节。分析了同有企业面临的法律风险现状和重要性之后，提出了建立法律风险防范机制的几项措施手段，以便为国企的健康发展保驾护航。     

Sensitivity analysis for the effects of meteorological and radioactive release conditions on radiation doses from nuclear power plant accidents

This paper briefly reviews several large-scale modeling systems for nuclear power plant accidents in the United States, and summarizes our recent modeling results for the effects of key meteorological conditions, radioactive release characteristics, and evacuation strategies on radiation doses. This work was intended to be useful in the formulation of emergency plans for nuclear power plant accidents. The sensitivity analyses establish a scale for comparing impacts at various locations and over time depending on the variation of those key parameters, and have clear implications for emergency planning.     

Nonlinear seismic response analysis of arch dam-foundation systems- part II opening and closing contact joints

A time-domain method for the analysis of arch dam-foundation rock dynamic interaction during earthquake was proposed, and the dynamic relaxation technique was adopted to obtain the initial static response for dynamic analysis by [Du et al. (2005). The paper has been contributed to Bulletin of earthquake engineering]. In this paper, a nonlinear explicit method in time domain considering the opening and closing effect of contact joints on arch dam during earthquake is further proposed by introducing the dynamic contact force model into the method. The simulation accuracy of dynamic contact force model is verified by comparing its calculation result and test result of scale model on shaking table. Finally, the influence of joints on the seismic response of Xiaowan arch dam is studied by the proposed method and some conclusions are given.     

基于观测误差后验分布的粗差探测的Bayes方法

从观测误差出发,运用3σ-原理提出了一种粗差探测的Bayes方法--基于观测误差的后验概率法.针对非等权独立观测情形,在一定先验分布下推导了观测误差的后验分布;建立了与观测误差有关的后验概率的计算公式;给出了粗差估算的Bayes方法;提出了基于观测误差的后验概率进行粗差探测的实施过程.最后结合算例说明了其效果,并且与其他粗差探测方法进行了比较.大量试验表明,给出的探测粗差的Bayes方法是切实可行的.它不仅有效地发现了粗差,而且结果比较理想.