Computation of Viscous Uniform and Shear Flow over A Circular Cylinder by A Finite Element Method

The incompressible viscous uniform and shear flow past a circular cylinder is studied. The two-dimensional Navier-Stokes equations are solved by a finite element method. The governing equations are discretized by a weighted residual method in space. The stable three-step scheme is applied to the momentum equations in the time integration. The numerical model is firstly applied to the computation of the lid-driven cavity flow for its validation. The computed results agree well with the measured data and other numerical results. Then, it is used to simulate the viscous uniform and shear flow over a circular cylinder for Reynolds numbers from lO0 to lO00. The transient time interval before the vortex shedding occurs is shortened considerably by introduction of artificial perturbation. The computed Strouhal number, drag and lift coefficients agree well with the experimental data. The computation shows that the finite element model can be successfully applied to the viscous flow problem.     

贵州沿河萤石矿稀土元素地球化学特征及成因探讨

为了研究沿河县萤石矿成因,主要针对研究区内具代表性的水田坝和丰水岭两个矿床地质特征进行研究,并运用等离子质谱(ICP-MS)对稀土元素进行了系统分析。研究结果表明,围岩的稀土总量、轻稀土和重稀土的含量远高于萤石矿石,但是萤石的稀土配分型式与围岩相似。根据Moller等(1976)的Tb/Ca_Tb/La关系图,结合矿体特征和区地质背景研究,认为该区萤石矿为热水(热卤水)再造沉积岩(或矿床)。     

ION EXCHANGE-FLOW INJECTION SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC SIMULTANEOUS DETERMINATION OF TRACES OF BROMIDE AND IODIDE IN SOME CHINESE STANDARD SAMPLES

An ion exchange flow injection method is presented for the simultaneous determination of bromide and iodide based on the catalytic reaction during the oxidation of Pyrocatechol Violet by hydrogen peroxide in strongly acid solution. Bromide and iodide in sample solutions are concentrated when they flow through the ion exchange column; they are removed and separated with sodium nitrate eluant flowing through the column, and are monitored spectrophotometrically at 555 nm. All possible anionic interferences were studied. The procedure has been applied successfully to the determination of bromide and iodide in some Chinese standard reference samples. The limits of detection are 0.2 ppm and 0.4 ppm of bromide and iodide respectively in soils and stream sediments.     

低温氮吸附法测试煤中微孔隙及其意义

用低温氮吸附法测试了26个煤样的微孔隙,并对结果作了分析,得出以下认识:低温氮吸附法测出的最小孔的直径只有0.6nm,有利于更深入地了解煤的微孔隙特征;超微孔比微小孔所占比表面积大得多,占主要地位;煤层中吸收状态的甲烷应引起重视,游离、吸附状态的甲烷比通常认为的要少。     

国际地理联合会区域会议在智利圣地亚哥召开(英文)

The IGU Regional Conference (UGI 2011) was held on November 14-18, 2011 in Santiago, Chile. It was organized by the Military Geographic Institute (IGM). Nearly 1000 geographers across the world participated in this event. The Geographical Society of China (GSC) sent a delegation consisting of more than 40 members to attend the conference.     

海南岛农田土壤Se的地球化学特征

Se是人和动物必需的微量元素之一,具有广阔的开发应用前景,研究土壤中Se的地球化学分布规律和生物有效性控制因素意义重大。系统总结了海南岛27 426 km2范围内土壤Se的含量特征和影响因素。结果表明,研究区69.98%土地面积为足硒和富硒土壤,表层土壤Se含量在一定程度上继承了成土母岩(或深层土壤)Se含量,但不同成土母岩形成的表层土壤Se含量富集贫化趋势不同。进一步研究显示,土壤中Se含量与有机碳、Al2O3、TFe2O3、Mn和CIA等具有显著的正相关关系,说明土壤中粘土矿物、有机碳、铁锰氧化物及风化淋溶程度对Se的地球化学行为有重要影响,同时这些指标又是影响土壤Se生物有效性的重要参数。土壤有机碳、粘粒、CEC等含量或指标越高,Se的生物有效性越低。研究区土壤pH6.5时,土壤Se含量较低;土壤pH6.5时,土壤Se含量随pH下降而增加;当土壤pH为5.5～7.5时,土壤Se生物有效性相对较高。因此,开发富硒农产品不但要依据土壤总Se含量,还必须考虑土壤pH、TOC、CEC、粘粒等指标含量。     

新疆西准噶尔地区赞岐岩(sanukite)的地球化学特征、成因机制及其与铜金矿化的关系

西准噶尔地区广泛发育高镁质闪长质岩墙。对全岩样品的Ar-Ar测年获得了321Ma的坪年龄,显示其主要形成于石炭纪末。这些岩墙样品以富Si（SiO2 52．3％～56．9％）、Mg（Mg〉60）、Cr（134—204μg／g）、Ni（59,141μg／g）、Sr（468～724pg／g）、Ba（316～676μg／g）为特征且K／Na比值在0．38—0．63之间,类似于日本中新世Setouehi火山岩带中的赞岐岩。这些岩墙大多具有不同程度的Eu正异常并具有高的Ba／La比值（27～124）,反映其主要来自消减带环境下受流体交代的地幔源区的部分熔融。赞岐岩和区内同时代埃达克质岩石的共生组合意味着该区在晚石炭世末曾受到热消减机制的影响。这种热的洋壳俯冲机制,不仅在石炭纪末期产生了大量的岩浆活动,而且也导致了铜金等成矿元素的富集。深入了解赞岐岩-埃达克岩共生组合与铜金矿化之间的密切关系将有助于正确评价区内成矿潜力。     

湖南黄沙坪矽卡岩矿物学特征及地质意义

湘南黄沙坪多金属矿床位于南岭构造带中段北缘,属于矽卡岩型矿床。根据矽卡岩产出状态、矿物共生组合及岩相学特征,从早期到晚期可划分为矽卡岩阶段、退化蚀变阶段、早期硫化物阶段和晚期硫化物阶段。矽卡岩矿物主要为石榴石、辉石、符山石等;金属矿物主要为白钨矿、辉钼矿、磁铁矿、方铅矿、闪锌矿等。电子探针分析结果表明,石榴石为钙铝-钙铁榴石系列,从早期到晚期,石榴石具有由钙铝榴石逐渐向钙铁榴石演化的规律。且钙铁榴石普遍发育震荡环带,而环带结构可持续记录钙铁榴石物理化学条件演化的过程。同时两种石榴石中均含Sn的成分,但钙铁榴石中Sn的含量明显高于钙铝榴石。辉石为透辉石-钙铁辉石系列,而且由内接触带向外接触带,辉石中Fe和Mn的含量有逐渐升高的趋势。矽卡岩矿物学特征及矿物成分的变化表明,成矿流体至少经历了两次氧化还原性质的转变。矽卡岩矿物学特征,对W(Sn) Mo Bi等多金属的矿化具有重要的地质指示意义。     

First six months quality assessment of HY-2A SCAT wind products using in situ measurements

The first Chinese microwave ocean environment satellite HY-2A, carrying a Ku-band scatteromenter （SCAT）, was successfully launched in August 2011. The first quality assessment of HY-2A SCAT wind products is presented through the comparison of the first 6 months operationally released SCAT products with in situ data. The in situ winds from the National Data Buoy Center （NDBC） buoys, R/V Polarstern, Aurora Australis, Roger Revelle and PY30-1 oil platform, were converted to the 10 m equivalent neutral winds. The temporal and spatial differences between the HY-2A SCAT and the in situ observations were limited to less than 5 min and 12.5 km. For HY-2A SCAT wind speed products, the comparison and analysis using the NDBC buoys yield a bias of-0.49 m/s, a root mean square error （RMSE） of 1.3 m/s and an increase negative bias with increasing wind speed observation above 3 m/s. Although less accurate of HY-2A SCAT wind direction at low winds, the RMSE of 19.19° with a bias of 0.92° is found for wind speeds higher than 3 m/s. These results are found consistent with those from R/Vs and oil platform comparisons. Moreover, the NDBC buoy comparison results also suggest that the accuracy of HY-2A SCAT winds is consistent over the first half year of 2012. The encouraging assessment results over the first 6 months show that wind products from HY-2A SCAT will be useful for scientific community.     

湖南常宁新盟山英安玢岩岩石成因及其与矿化关系研究

通过对湖南省常宁市新盟山英安玢岩进行岩石地球化学、锆石U-Pb定年以及绿泥石矿物化学等综合研究,结合前人研究成果,探讨其岩石地球化学性质、形成时代、物质来源及其与成矿作用的关系.LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年结果显示,新盟山英安玢岩的n(206Pb)/n(238U)加权平均年龄为152.9±1.2 Ma,属于晚侏罗...