高桩码头桩基负摩擦力现场试验研究 ——上海洋山深水港工程现场试验

高桩码头接岸结构中的桩基础,在抛石的作用下将产生负摩擦力。通过支撑桩及自由桩上负摩擦力的现场试验研究,获得抛石过程中基桩内力随深度变化的基本规律。抛石过程中基桩上的负摩擦力主要产生在抛石段。同时,抛石作为附加荷载,将引起下方软弱土层的固结沉降,桩土之间产生相对位移,从而在抛石段下方一定范围内也产生负摩擦力作用。承台荷载对负摩擦力的大小和分布有着重要的影响。提出的负摩擦力分布规律和采用有效应力法计算层状土负摩擦力的公式,可为桩基础的设计,尤其对水下单面抛石施工的设计及采取消减负摩擦力的措施提供依据。     

新疆东天山中部隆起区早石炭世钙碱性花岗岩的确定

新疆东天山中部隆起区早石炭世钙碱性花岗岩位于东天山中部喀拉塔格.旱山地块,该花岗闪长岩前人认为是前寒武纪侵入岩.通过对其锆石SHRIMP定年,获得侵入岩形成年龄(343.0±9)Ma,岩石化学具钙碱性活动陆缘的特征,区域对比研究认为是南天山洋盆洋岩石圈向北俯冲的产物.     

古红河沉积物稀土元素特征及其物源指示意义

莺歌海盆地内的大量沉积物是验证与青藏高原隆升有关的河流流域变化争论的理想材料.因此,对南海西北部莺歌海盆地6口井沉积物样品进行了稀土元素分析,结果发现,位于盆地中央轴部位的N4、N5及N6井沉积物自晚渐新世到更新世具Eu元素正异常的特征,显示其母岩应为红河流域内大量基性-超基性变质岩和火山岩;位于盆地东侧斜坡带的N1和N2井沉积物则受控于以Eu元素负异常为标志的海南岛;位于盆地东南侧的N3井沉积物晚渐新世明显受到基性物源的影响,使Eu元素呈现正异常的特征,到上新世该井沉积物主要受控于海南岛物源.越南中北部马江断裂带中古生界变质岩区以及红河流域的变质岩区为该地区提供了大量基性沉积物,造成该地区沉积物具Eu元素正异常的特征.可以认为,红河源区从晚渐新世一直到更新世时期流域内母岩类型基本保持稳定,没有大的流域母岩类型突变事件发生.因此,如果红河在其演化历史上发生过流域面积袭夺事件,其时间也只能在晚渐新世之前或更新世之后.     

青藏高原春夏季温度与太平洋海温的关系

从预测高原不同区域春、夏季温度趋势分布的需要出发,利用聚类分析法将高原温度场分为3个区域。通过对3个区春、夏季温度指数与前期太平洋海温相关普查,定义了与高原春、夏季温度指数相关关系清晰的海温分布型指数。冬季西太平洋海温偏高（偏低）的海温分布型造成后期高原Ⅱ区春季温度偏高（偏低）;冬季西太平洋海温、东太平洋海温同时偏高（偏低）的海温分布型造成后期高原Ⅱ区南部、Ⅲ区夏季温度偏高（偏低）。进一步分析这2种海温分布型与后期春夏季500hPa北半球高度场的相关关系,结果表明：当冬季西太平洋海温指数偏高（低）时,春季高度场高纬冷空气活动的势力弱（强）且路径偏北（南）,同时高原高度场较低（高）,有利于（不利于）偏南气流北上,有利于（不利于）冬季向夏季环流形势的转变,春季高原中部温度偏高（偏低）;而当冬季西太平洋、东太平洋海域海温综合指数偏高（低）时,同年夏季500hPa高度场高原北部至中西伯利亚南部脊加强（减弱）,高原及北部为高值（低值）系统活动,西太平洋副高偏强（弱）,夏季高原中部、南部温度偏高（偏低）。     

吉林省中部农业土壤中HCH和HCB的残留特征

通过分析测试吉林省中部农业土壤中α-HCH、β-HCH、γ-HCH、δ-HCH 4种异构体和HCB的含量,对该地区HCH和HCB的残留情况进行了讨论。结果表明,在吉林省中部农业土壤中HCH4种异构体均有不同程度的检出,其中β-HCH和γ-HCH为主要的残留物。ΣHCH残留量介于0.42~44.96 ng/g之间,平均值为5.09 ng/g;ΣHCH残留量在不同类型土壤和不同利用方式下土壤中差异不明显。农业土壤中α-HCH/γ-HCH比值均接近于1,指示该地区土壤环境已经发生变化,也可能有新的污染源存在。土壤中HCB平均值为5.51 ng/g,总体残留水平比较低,且在水田中的残留量高于在旱田中的残留量。     

Mangshan Loess in Central China and the Paleomonsoon Variationssince the Last Interglaciation

The Mangshan Yuan is a loess platform on the southern bank of the Yellow River, which is located in northwestern Zhengzhou of Henan Province, China. The typical Zhaoxiayu section of the Mangshan Yuan preserves stratigraphical loess units above S10 with a total thickness of 172.1 m, which includes 15.7 m of the last interglacial paleosol S1, 77.3 m of the last glacial loess L1 that consist of 41.6 m of the late stade L1LL1, 13.2 m of the interstade L1SS1 and 22.5 m of the early stade L1LL2. Based on the age marking points by correlating magnetic susceptibility of the section with the SPECMAP curve, the timescale of the section was constructed, and the average accumulation rate and the resolution of each loess strata over the S2 were subsequently calculated using the     

Nature and Evolution of Pre-Neoproterozoic Continental Crust in South China: A Review and Tectonic Implications

South China as an amalgamation of the Yangtze and Cathaysia blocks is composed of Archean to Mesoproterozoic basement overlain by Neoproterozoic and younger cover. Both the constituent Yangtze and Cathaysia blocks contain well-preserved Neoproterozoic rocks that have been extensively studied in terms of the age and tectonic nature, but less is known about their earlier crustal history due to the incomplete rock record. Recent efforts in investigating the yet survived crustal nature based on isotopic and elemental signatures preserved in igneous and sedimentary rocks have steadily improved our knowledge about the pre-Neoproterozoic continental crustal evolution in South China. In this paper, we summarize the up-to-date pre-Neoproterozoic records, including petrological, geochronological, geochemical and geophysical data, across South China, and discuss its spatiotemporal patterns of the pre-Neoproterozoic crust and the relevant tectonic events. While the xenocrystic/inherited and detrital zircon records suggest widespread Archean (mainly ca. 2.5 Ga) crustal components within both the Yangtze and Cathaysia blocks, exposed Archean rocks are only limited to isolated crustal provinces in the Yangtze Block. These Archean rocks are dominated by TTGs (tonalite-trondhjemite-granodiorite) with varied ages (3.3–2.5 Ga) and zircon Hf isotopes, indicating a compositionally heterogeneous nature of the Archean Yangtze Block and, by inference, the development of multiple ancient terranes. The early Paleoproterozoic (2.4–2.2 Ga) tectonomagmatic events characterize the western Yangtze Block and are supportive of an east-west subdivision of the Yangtze basement, whereas the late Paleoproterozoic (2.1–1.7 Ga) orogeneses may have affected a larger area covering both the western and eastern parts of the Yangtze Block, and also the Cathaysia Block. The eastern Yangtze Block with generally northeastward-younging late Paleoproterozoic magmatism and metamorphism likely experienced a prolonged 2.05–1.75 Ga orogenic process welding the various Archean proto-continents, consistent with the documentation of a buried late Paleoproterozoic orogenic belt imaged by deep seismic profiling from its central part and of a slightly older ophiolitic mélange in the northern part. The Cathaysia Block was probably involved in a short-lived 1.9–1.8 Ga orogenic event. The two orogeneses overlapped in time and may have contributed to the cratonization of a possible unified South China, and are referred to be linked with the assembly of the Nuna Supercontinent. The subsequent late Paleoproterozoic to early Mesoproterozoic rift successions and intrusions (1.7–1.5 Ga) in the southwestern Yangtze Block, and the ca. 1.43 Ga rifting in Hainan Island of the Cathaysia Block could be responses to the Nuna break-up. Late Mesoproterozoic (1.2–1.0 Ga) magmatism of varied age and nature in different localities of the Yangtze Block is reflective of a complex tectonic process in the context of the assembly of the Rodinia Supercontinent. Similar-aged metamorphism (1.3–1.0 Ga) is recorded in Hainan Island, reflecting the Grenvillian continental collision during the Rodinia assembly, but further studies are necessary to better constrain the late Mesoproterozoic tectonic framework of South China.     

花岗岩定量分类方法及与成矿空间相关关系分析 ——甘肃省西秦岭地区为例

以Q型系统聚类分析(以组内连接为聚类方法,相关性为计算模型)和判别分析交替使用的方法,对甘肃省西秦岭地区花岗岩样本中的11个氧化物测试数据进行定量处理,构建起"甘肃省西秦岭地区花岗岩(氧化物)定量分类系列模型",将西秦岭地区花岗岩分为3大类共8小类。分类结果偏重于找矿分类,依据其与西秦岭地区铜矿、铅锌矿、金矿等依据空间关系(距离岩体3 km以内),寻找"成矿相关岩体",确定找矿靶区。     

Mineral oxygen isotope and hydroxyl content changes in ultrahigh-pressure eclogite–gneiss contacts from Chinese Continental Scientific Drilling Project cores

A combined study of mineral O isotopes and hydroxyl contents was carried out for the contacts between ultrahigh‐pressure eclogite and gneiss from main hole of the Chinese Continental Scientific Drilling Project in the Sulu orogen. While there is a large δ¹⁸O variation from ?8.3 to 7.3‰ for all minerals, different styles of mineral‐pair fractionation occur at the boundaries of different lithologies. Both equilibrium and disequilibrium O isotope fractionations are observed between quartz and the other minerals, with reversed fractionations between omphacite and garnet in some samples of eclogite. This suggests that both eclogite and gneiss acquired their negative δ¹⁸O values by meteoric‐hydrothermal alteration of their protoliths at high temperatures before subduction, and that fluid‐assisted O isotope exchange did take place across the boundary of different lithologies at local scales during amphibolite‐facies retrogression. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy analysis yielded H₂O concentrations of 50 to 1144 p.p.m. (by weight) for garnet and 139 to 751 p.p.m. for omphacite. The state of equilibrium or disequilibrium O isotope fractionations between omphacite and garnet are correlated with variations in their water content at local scales, indicating that the internally derived fluid plays a critical role in retrograde metamorphism during exhumation. The retrograde metamorphism results in mineral reactions and O isotope disequilibria between some of the minerals, but the fluid for retrogression was derived from the decompression exsolution of structural hydroxyl and thus internally buffered in the O isotope composition. A quantitative estimate suggests that a hand specimen (3 × 6 × 9 cm) of eclogite composed of 70% garnet and 30% omphacite can release 0.316 g water by the decompression exsolution of structural hydroxyl, which can form 14.4 g amphibole during exhumation. This provides sufficient amounts of water for the amphibolite‐facies retrogression.     

川西前陆盆地天然气成藏过程

川西前陆盆地具有丰富的天然气资源,发育上三叠统巨厚的煤系烃源岩,以生气为主,并发育多套储盖组合。天然气成因类型主要是煤成气,目前的气田分布主要受古隆起、沟通下部烃源岩和上部储集层的隐伏断层以及储集条件的控制。川西前陆盆地具有多期成藏、燕山期或喜山期聚集、喜山期调整等特点。来自上三叠统煤系源岩的天然气聚集主要在燕山期,形成原生气藏或下生上储型气藏;后经过喜山期的逆冲作用,对浅层储集层进行改造,产生的断裂沟通深部气藏与浅层圈闭,在对深层(主要在上三叠统)原生气藏进行改造的同时形成浅层(侏罗系)次生气藏。