中国中西部前陆盆地的地质特征及油气聚集

中国中西部前陆盆地具有十分丰富的油气资源,近年来油气勘探也取得了很大的成果,但总体上来说其地质情况复杂、研究程度较低。世界上典型的前陆盆地一般位于造山带和稳定的克拉通之间的狭长槽地,而在中国中西部则主要为与古特提斯造山带在新特提斯阶段再活动有关的陆内会聚形成的“再生”前陆盆地,因此与世界典型前陆盆地相比中国中西部前陆盆地具有一定的“特殊性”。根据两期前陆的叠合程度差异造成的盆地几何形态、挠曲沉降、地层层序、沉积充填、构造变形特征的特点,将中国中西部前陆盆地归纳为改造型、新生型、叠加型和早衰型四种组合类型的前陆盆地。中西部不同组合类型前陆盆地具有不同的结构特征,决定了不同组合类型前陆盆地成藏特征和油气勘探潜力上的差异。     

沉降-时间曲线呈“S”型的证明及其应用——从土体本构关系

从土体本构关系出发,严格证明了在线性加载或近似线性加载情况下(这和岩土工程实际加载相类似),沉降-时间曲线呈“S”型,并由此建立了新的沉降-时间预测模型,工程应用证明了该模型的合理性。     

液体高膨胀材料充填堵漏试验应用

介绍了钻探施工中，利用膨胀材料充填、堵漏的新工艺，其具有经济、高效、安全的特点。     

Proof of settlement-time curve appearing “S” shape with ramp load and its application base on stress-strain relationship

Based on stress-strain relationship of soil, the proof is made for that s-t curve appears “S” shape when the load is increased linearly, which is similar to construction process. A new model of forecasting the relation of settlement-time is presented. Case history shows the rationality of the method.     

Discussion on influence of cavern’s span on surrounding rock classification

The influence of cavern’s span on surrounding rock classification is getting more and more recognition along with large span underground working’s increasingly coming forth. The authors analyse the timbering expense of cavern in jointed rock mass, the radius of plastic loosened zone and the size effect of macroscopical mechanical parameters of rock mass. Based on the complexion of depressing of surrounding rock’s stability due to increment of cavern’s span, the authors pinpoint attaching importance to the influence of cavern’s span on surrounding rock classification; and suggest reckoning the factor of cavern’s span in surrounding rock classification scientifically by studying the size effect of rock mass’s physico-mechanical parameters.     

思茅境内澜沧江径流变化量与云南气候变化的关系

以思茅澜沧江流域下游思茅境内水文站1960年1月～2001年12月的逐月径流量和云南的月雨量(气温)场格点资料为基础,用相关分析的方法,研究了思茅境内澜沧江流域的东西部径流量变化及其与云南气候变化的关系。结论为:思茅境内澜沧江下游流域的径流量变化与滇西南的降水量变化有显著的相关关系,其季节特征为春夏季较好,秋冬季次之;与元江河谷一带的气温变化也有显著的反相关关系,其中西部流域还与滇南的气温变化有显著的相关关系,其季节特征则为冬春季较好,夏秋季不显著。20世纪80年代以来,该流域的气温变化呈上升趋势,且西部升温的上升趋势更显著,气温上升对径流量的变化起减小的作用;20世纪90年代以来,该流域的东西部降水量变化出现了显著的差异,其东部的降水量明显增多,与此相一致,其东部径流量变化的增幅也明显大于其西部。     

长安四府村32～10 ka BP期间沙尘暴活动的记录

通过对长安区四府村剖面晚更新世后期黄土样品的粒度分析测定,探讨了沙尘暴活动与土壤颗粒组成的关系及32～10kaBP以来的沙尘暴的活动趋势。结果表明,黄土古土壤序列中粗粉砂含量高和粘粒含量低,反映当时沙尘暴活动强烈,反之,沙尘暴活动弱。冰期沙尘暴活动强主要是冰期降水量少造成的,温度低是次要的。古土壤层S10中的粘粒既包含风尘堆积的原始组分,也包含风化成壤过程中对先前发育的黄土L21改造后的次生组分。32～10kaBP以来,沙尘暴活动具有由弱到强的变化趋势,其中23～10kaBP间活动最强。     

表面多次波衰减技术在渤海海峡应用效果

浅水地震勘探对于了解近海底地质构造具有重要意义,目前已被广泛用于油气开发、近岸工程等领域。表面多次波的存在干扰了有效波信息,影响了资料品质,造成解释假象,如何有效地压制多次波,已成为浅水地震勘探中的关键问题。表面多次波衰减方法(SRME)是一种去除海面相关多次波效果较好的技术方法,但是,一般认为SRME技术并不适合于浅水区域。分析了SRME去除多次波的基本原理,并将其应用于海洋高分辨率浅水区域多次波的去除。实际处理效果表明,使用SRME技术处理后的叠加剖面多次波去除效果明显,剖面基底清楚,断面清晰。通过对SRME技术应用于浅水区域的探讨,证实了SRME技术在海洋高分辨率地震勘探浅水区域应用效果较好。     

Analysis of Jiangsu Tidal Flats Reclamation from 1974 to 2012 Using Remote Sensing

Jiangsu has the most abundant tidal flat resources among China's coastal provinces.To ease the conflict between the growing population and shrinking usable land and to promote regional sustainable development,large-scale coastal reclamation development activities have been performed in Jiangsu Province since 1949.The present study has integrated multi-source remote sensing images during 1974 to 2012 by using a Multi-point Fast Marching Method(MFMM) to extract the Jiangsu coastal reclamation areas for different time periods.The temporal and spatial patterns of the extent and elevation of the reclamation areas were analysed in order to determine the unused potential for future reclamation.It will provide information necessary to support the development and construction of tidal flats in Jiangsu.Results show that:(1) the reclaimed tidal flats along the Jiangsu coast cover more than 19.86×104 hm2,of which 13.97×104 hm2 is located in Yancheng,4.84×104 hm2 in Nantong,and 1.05×104 hm2 in Lianyungang;(2) the average elevation of the reclaimed Jiangsu tidal flats has gradually decreased over the last 40 years,while those in Dongtai and Rudong have showed particularly accelerated decrease since the 1990s;and(3) in 2012,very few unused tidal flats two meters above the sea level are left along the Jiangsu coast,and mainly concentrated in Yancheng.As there are still reserving some coastal land resources between 0-2 m,providing us with a potential for future development.All of these findings may be useful for researchers and local authorities for the development and utilization of tidal flat resources in Jiangsu.