弧形防波堤波浪力试验研究

在圆筒形防波堤和V形防波堤的基础上,结合离岸堤后形成V形和半圆形连续出现的韵律海岸的地貌平面形态特点,提出一种前墙为连续的半圆筒形防波堤形式。通过在波浪水槽内进行规则波物理模型试验,探究这一新型防波堤的波压力分布规律及波高、周期、水深等因素对波压力的影响。将试验结果与海港水文公式和合田良实公式计算的理论值对比分析,给出了以合田良实公式的折减系数来拟合新型弧形防波堤波浪总水平力的计算公式。结果表明:新型弧形防波堤上的波压力随波高、周期的增大而增大,其水平波浪总力比同等尺度直墙少10%左右。     

塔东地区上奥陶统层序地层特征

通过大量的地震、钻井、录井、测井等资料分析,针对塔里木东部地区(简称塔东地区)上奥陶统进行了层序地层和沉积学方面的研究,结果表明,塔东地区上奥陶统可识别出1个二级层序、3个三级层序,自下而上分别是层序SQ1、SQ2和SQ3。层序SQ1识别出TST体系域,为一套深水盆地沉积,发育深水盆地、浊流沉积;层序SQ2可三分为LST、TST和HST体系域,LST体系域发育海退背景下的陆架边缘三角洲沉积,TST体系域为快速水进期,发育海相泥岩沉积,HST发育高水位滨岸沉积;SQ3发育浅海沉积,主要为三角洲—滨岸沉积体系。地层层序发育和沉积相分布受控于构造运动、沉积物源供给和相对海平面升降3个因素。3套层序的划分明确了塔东地区上奥陶统潜在的源岩层、储层和盖层的分布,其中层序SQ1为有利的烃源岩层、SQ2陆架边缘三角洲是潜在的有利储层,SQ3发育的滨岸砂岩为已经证实的油气藏。     

福建省贝藻类养殖碳汇及其潜力评估

海水贝藻类养殖碳汇是海洋渔业碳汇的重要组成,开展其碳汇研究对服务我国实现碳中和目标有积极的作用.福建省的海水养殖规模和产量居于全国前列,对其海水贝藻类养殖碳汇及潜力评估有重要的意义.本研究分析了2015至2020年度《中国渔业统计年鉴》海水贝藻类养殖数据,估算了2014年至2019年全国及福建省海水贝藻类养殖碳汇强度,...     

荣成外海海流特征及影响因素

荣成是我国重要的海产养殖城市,为掌握荣成外海的海流特征,基于2016年1—10月于荣成外海楮岛岬角南侧布放的浮标观测数据,通过谱分析、调和分析等方法,分析了实测流速时间序列剖面及季节变化,分离出该观测点的潮流和余流并进行定性定量分析,探讨了该海域余流的影响因素.结果表明:1)荣成外海浮标观测点流速东西分量总体大于南北分...     

渤海MN油田南区相控地质建模

在精细地层对比、沉积相分析和隔夹层分布等研究基础上,笔者采用相控方法进行渤海MN油田南区储层三维地质建模。在沉积相模拟中,以沉积模式为蓝本,将沉积亚相展布、井震结合预测的泥岩夹层分布等确定性认识和随机模拟技术相结合,同时依据各沉积亚相内储层发育的特征和差异,选择不同的“砂包泥”和“泥包砂”模拟思路,实现逐级相控、定量表征储层的空间分布。研究结果表明,以精细油田地质特征认识为基础,采用多条件地质约束的相控建模方法,可以更好地反映沉积认识,提高储层建模的精确度。     

大川中地区须家河组二、四段地震相与沉积相研究

四川盆地上三叠统须家河组油气勘探开始于20世纪40年代,其中须二段、须四段是主要探目的层段,也是盆地周边地区寻找新气源最有利层位之一。依据地震地层学方法和理论,结合钻井与测井资料,将大川中地区须家河组划分成7个地震层序边界,分别为SB1—SB7,与之对应6个最大湖泛面,分别为MFS1—MFS6,并对层序界面的地震反射特征进行了总结。利用地震反射内部结构、外部形态和反射波终止类型,在大川中地区须家河组须二段与四段内共识别出平行—亚平行、前积、丘状、透镜状及发散状地震反射特征等5种地震相,并对18条二维地震测线进行了剖面地震相的综合解释,编制了须二段与四段的地震相平面分布图。通过地震相与沉积相的转换,分别划分出冲积扇、扇三角洲、辫状河三角洲以及湖泊等沉积体系,编制了大川中地区须家河组二段与四段沉积相平面图,对大川中地区须家河组构造格局的演化规律进行了分析。     

天津滨海新区的生态环境特征及其对区域经济发展的影响

在天津滨海新区建设过程与发展中,面临着沉积软土地基不稳定、土壤盐碱化和重金属污染、滨海湿地植被退化、近海海水污染和渔业资源衰退等生态环境问题。这些生态环境问题对滨海新区基础设施建设及海洋产业的发展有显著影响,制约着滨海新区经济、特别是海洋经济的持续健康发展。作者提出了采用加筋垫层对沉积软土地基浅层进行处理、提高地基承载力和稳定性、治理土壤重金属污染与盐碱化、保护湿地、治理近海海水污染、保护与恢复近海渔业资源等改善天津滨海新区生态环境的对策。     

Warming and depth convergence of the Arctic Intermediate Water in the Canada Basin during 1985-2006

The warming of the Arctic Intermediate Water (AIW) is studied based on the analyses of hydrographic observations in the Canada Basin of the Arctic Ocean during 1985-2006. It is shown that how the anomalously warm AIW spreads in the Canada Basin during the observation time through the analysis of the AIW temperature spatial distribution in different periods. The results indicate that by 2006, the entire Canada Basin has almost been covered by the warming AIW. In order to study interannual variability of the AIW in the Canada Basin, the Canada Basin is divided into five regions according to the bottom topography. From the interannual variation of AIW temperature in each region, it is shown that a cooling period follows after the warming event in upstream regions. At the Chukchi Abyssal Plain and Chukchi Plateau, upstream of the Arctic Circumpolar Boundary Current (ACBC) in the Canada Basin, the AIW temperature reached maximum and then started to fall respectively in 2000 and 2002. However, the AIW in the Canada Abyssal Plain and Beaufort Sea continues to warm monotonically until the year 2006. Furthermore, it is revealed that there is convergence of the AIW depth in the five different regions of the Canada Basin when the AIW warming occurs during observation time. The difference of AIW depth between the five regions of the Canada Basin is getting smaller and smaller, all approaching 410 m in recent years. The results show that depth convergence is related to the variation of AIW potential density in the Canada Basin.     

鲜浒苔稀硫酸水解产糖工艺研究

分别用质量分数为0.6%、1.0%、1.4%、1.8%、2.2%的稀硫酸在121℃高温高压的条件下水解鲜浒苔30、60、90 min,浒苔水解残留物再用纤维素酶酶解,用DNS法测定上述各步骤中的还原糖产量。结果表明,浒苔总糖含量为67.2%。稀硫酸水解工艺中,硫酸质量分数为1.8%、水解90 min,浒苔还原糖转化率最高,达59.9%,每克干质量浒苔可产生447.0 mg还原糖。稀硫酸水解残留物纤维素酶酶解工艺中,浒苔还原糖转化率较低,在硫酸质量分数为0.6%、水解时间为60 min时还原糖转化率出现最大值,仅为6.5%。结果显示浒苔稀硫酸水解产还原糖效果显著,但并不能促进纤维素酶酶解。浒苔糖化可单独采用稀硫酸水解工艺,本实验条件下的最佳工艺条件为1.8%硫酸水解90 min。本研究探索了浒苔糖化工艺条件,对后续的浒苔燃料乙醇发酵研究具有一定的参考意义。     

海冰对北极海冰边缘区大洋光学观测的影响评估

Diffuse attenuation coefficient(DAC) of sea water is an important parameter in ocean thermodynamics and biology, reflecting the absorption capability of sea water in different layers. In the Arctic Ocean, however, sea ice affects the radiance/irradiance measurements of upper ocean, which results in obvious errors in the DAC calculation. To better understand the impacts of sea ice on the ocean optics observations, a series of in situ experiments were carried out in the summer of 2009 in the southern Beaufort Sea. Observational results show that the profiles of spectral diffuse attenuation coefficients of seawater near ice cover within upper surface of 50 m were not contaminated by the sea ice with a solar zenith angle of 55°, relative azimuth angle of 110°≤φ≤115° and horizontal distance between the sensors and ice edge of greater than 25 m. Based on geometric optics theory, the impact of ice cover could be avoided by adjusting the relative solar azimuth angle in a particular distance between the instrument and ice. Under an overcast sky, ice cover being 25 m away from sensors did not affect the profiles of spectral DACs within the upper 50 m either. Moreover, reliable spectral DACs of seawater could be obtained with sensors completely covered by sea ice.