我国低山丘陵区水土流失生态环境背景分析

我国是一个以山地为主的国家，山地多为大江大河的源头，而低山丘陵为这些大江大河支流的发源地，这些区域的水土流失必然会带来环境问题。本文以TM影象为数据源，以GIS为技术支撑，从DEM中获取低山丘陵层，以此为MASK层，提取水土流失及相应的生态环境背景各层，包括土地利用、坡度、年降水、积温、植被等生态背景层，这些背景层是多年数据的平均，然后把水土流失层与环境背景各层分别叠加，分析不同环境背景下水土流失状况，从而为治理水土流失提出科学依据。     

位移监测在滑坡时空运动研究中的应用

滑坡时空运动特征是滑坡地质体在内因和外因共同作用下，自一种状态向另一种状态转化的地质过程。滑坡位移监测是研究滑坡变形影响因素、动态规律及预测预报的主要途径，特别是滑坡深部位移监测，又为研究滑坡体的时空运动过程提供了重要信息。本文结合几个滑坡的深部位移监测实践，综合分析位移监测信息，研究滑坡体的时空运动特征及发展趋势，为滑坡时空运动系统研究及稳定性预测提供依据。     

Modeling the relationship of land use change and some geophysical indicators for the interlock area of farming and pasturing in China

This paper discusses land-use changes in the interlock area of farming and pasturing (IAFP)in northern China. It presents detailed analyses of land-use features in the IAFP, which are controlled by the macro geomorphic units and geophysical conditions-constraints or advantages. Additionally, it selects some indicators, according to the availability in acquiring and processing their quantitative data, to analyze the canonical correlations between the typical conversion of grassland and geophysical conditions. The preliminary study indicates that the physical conditions are of great advantages to the development of grassland. There exists significant correlation between land use change and some geophysical conditions.     

长效钾肥产业化与农业可持续发展

我国钾肥需求量逐年增加，80％需要进口，但同时又有大量的低品位非水溶性钾矿资源没有利用，利用非水溶性钾矿生产长效钾肥既能缓解钾肥短缺的矛盾，又可以解决普通钾肥对环境的污染和破坏。长效钾肥原料分布广，生产和施用技术简单，成本低，易于推广普及形成产业化，其对农业可持续发展将会产生重要的促进作用。     

盐碱化湿地稻-鱼复合生态系统微生物特征

为揭示盐碱化湿地稻-鱼复合生态系统微生物群落结构特征,1994-1995年,对松嫩平原苏打盐碱化湿地稻-鱼复合生态系统水体与土壤中的微生物数量及种群组成进行了初步研究。结果表明,稻-鱼湿地水体中异养细菌数量显著高于稻田湿地(P<0.05),季节变化特点为秋季>夏季>春季。异养细菌的数量分布与鱼产量有显著相关关系(r=0.879)。稻-鱼湿地系统的土壤微生物数量明显高于稻田湿地(P<0.01)。稻-鱼湿地和稻田湿地分别检测出10个和11个属的异养细菌。稻-鱼湿地系统1个生长期细菌的平均生物量为0.973g/m3,生产量为307.5 kg/hm2,所提供的鱼产力为7.0 kg/hm2。     

昆明城市主要街道绿化状况分析

通过对昆明城市11条主要街道的绿化状况的实际观测和563名城市居民的问卷调查所得资料的分析，发现：在所调查的主要街道中已有72.7%兴建了绿化带，大多是改造后的街道，显示了城市道路加大绿化的理念已在城市道路改造中得到了体现，并且得到了广大市民的认可，但是城市街道绿化仍存在较多问题：绿化程度不尽人意，特别是城市中心的繁华街道绿化程度仍较低，绿化树种单一，缺乏具有特色的本地树种，树龄老化现象也较突出，绿化树木种植缺乏规范性、系统性等等，距市民的期望还有较大差距。在研究分析的基础上对昆明城市街道绿化提出了建议。     

Regional characteristics of dust events in China

The regional characteristics of dust events in China has been mainly studied by using the data of dust storm, wind-blown sand and floating dust from 338 observation stations through China from 1954 to 2000. The results of this study are as follows: (1) In China, there are two high frequent areas of dust events, one is located in the area of Minfeng and Hotan in the South Xinjiang Basin, the other is situated in the area of Minqin and Jilantai in the Hexi Region. Furthermore, the spatial distributions of the various types of dust events are different. The dust storms mainly occur in the arid and semiarid areas covering the deserts and the areas undergoing desertification in northern China. Wind-blown sand and floating-dust not only occur in the areas where dust storms occur, but also extend to the neighboring areas. The range of wind-blown sand extends northeastward and southeastward, but floating-dust mainly extends southeastward to the low-latitude region such as the East China Plain and the area of the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. Compared with wind-blown sand, the floating-dust seldom occurs in the high latitude areas such as North Xinjiang and Northeast China. (2) The affected areas of dust storms can be divided into seven sub-regions, that is, North Xinjiang Region, South Xinjiang Region, Hexi Region, Qaidam Basin Region, Hetao Region, Northeastern China Region and Qinghai-Xizang (Tibet) Region. The area of the most frequent occurrence of dust storms and floating-dust is in South Xinjiang Region, and of wind-blown sand in the Hexi Region. In general, the frequency of dust events in all the seven regions shows a decreasing tendency from 1954 to 2000, but there are certain differences between various dust events in different regions. The maximum interannual change and variance of dust events during this time happened in South Xinjiang Region and Hexi Region. The dust events generally occur most frequently in April in most parts of China. The spring occurred days of dust events occupied 60-70% of the whole year in Hetao Region and Northeastern China Region. However, in South Xinjiang Region and North Xinjiang Region, which was less affected by monsoon climate, dust events may occur at any time of the year, less than 50% of the events in this region occur during spring. In the remaining three regions 50-60% of the dust events occur in spring of a year.     

吉南样子哨坳陷北缘重力滑脱构造

在吉南样子哨坳陷北缘石道河镇一带,于元古代新老盖层间存在韧—脆性滑覆断层。盖层内部地层缺失、倒置现象普遍,褶皱形态表现为一系列倾伏褶皱—紧密同斜褶皱—平卧褶皱,据其形态特征可辩出两期性质不同褶皱幕。盖层与太古代基底之间存在明显的断层接触,并伴随基性岩浆侵入活动,具有滑脱构造后缘拉伸带的特征。     

软土结构性破损的孔径分布试验研究

采用压汞法对天然结构性软土压缩过程孔隙大小分布的演化进行了试验研究，结果表明，当荷载超过结构屈服应力后，尺寸较大的团粒间孔隙首先发生破坏，随着荷载的增大，越来越小的孔隙受到影响，但团粒内孔隙在压缩过程中不发生变化；根据试验结果提出了孔隙结构破损势的概念，并用其表征孔隙分布随荷载变化的规律。     

板块下的构造及地幔动力学

最新的全球地幔地震层析资料揭示了岩石圈板片可以俯冲到核幔边界，超地幔羽可以从核幔边界上升到地壳上部形成热点。在大陆板块汇聚边界，地幔地震层析图像不仅显示了岩石圈板片的超深俯冲，还保存了拆沉的岩石圈“化石”残片的重要信息。从地幔深部所获取的新资料为全地幔“单层对流“的新模式提供了依据。在介绍上述全球构造研究新动向的基础上，本文强调了研究岩石圈板块必须了解板块下的构造，探索岩石圈板块的驱动力应该从“岩石圈动力学”升华到“地幔动力学”，并提出了大陆板块汇聚边界地幔动力学研究的新思考。