Dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) and its carbon isotopic composition in sediment pore waters from the Shenhu area,northern South China Sea

The Shenhu area is one of the most favorable places for the occurrence of gas hydrates in the northern continental slope of the South China Sea. Pore water samples were collected in two piston cores (SH-A and SH-B) from this area, and the concentrations of sulfate and dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) and its carbon isotopic composition were measured. The data revealed large DIC variations and very negative δ ¹³C-DIC values. Two reaction zones, 0–3 mbsf and below 3 mbsf, are identified in the sediment system. At site SH-A, the upper zone (0–3 mbsf) shows relatively constant sulfate and DIC concentrations and δ ¹³C-DIC values, possibly due to bioturbation and fluid advection. The lower zone (below 3 mbsf) displays good linear gradients for sulfate and DIC concentrations, and δ ¹³C-DIC values. At site SH-B, both zones show linear gradients, but the decreasing gradients for δ ¹³C-DIC and SO₄ ²⁻ in the lower zone below 3 mbsf are greater than those from the upper zone, 0–3 mbsf. The calculated sulfate-methane interface (SMI) depths of the two cores are 10.0 m and 11.1 m, respectively. The depth profiles of both DIC and δ ¹³C-DIC showed similar characteristics as those in other gas hydrate locations in the world oceans, such as the Blake Ridge. Overall, our results indicate an anaerobic methane oxidation (AMO) process in the sediments with large methane flux from depth in the studied area, which might be linked to the formation of gas hydrates in this area.     

Geochemistry of pore waters from the Xisha Trough, northern South China Sea and their implications for gas hydrates

This paper reports all available geochemical data on sediments and pore waters from the Xisha Trough on the northern continental margin of the South China Sea. The methane concentrations in marine sediments display a downhole increasing trend and their carbon isotopic compositions (δ ¹³C = −25 to −51‰) indicate a thermogenic origin. Pore water Cl⁻ concentrations show a range from 537 to 730 mM, and the high Cl⁻ samples also have higher concentrations of Br⁻, Na⁺, K⁺, and Mg²⁺, implying mixing between normal seawater and brine in the basin. The SO₄ ²⁻ concentrations of pore waters vary from 19.9 to 36.8 mM, and show a downhole decreasing trend. Calculated SMI (sulfate-methane interfaces) depths and sulfate gradients are between 21 and 47 mbsf, and between −0.7 and −1.7 mM/m, respectively, which are similar to values in gas hydrate locations worldwide and suggest a high methane flux in the basin. Overall, the geochemical data, together with geological and geophysical evidence, such as the high sedimentation rates, high organic carbon contents, thick sediment piles, salt and mud diapirs, active faulting, abundant thermogenic gases, and occurrence of huge bottom simulating reflector (BSR), are suggestive of a favorable condition for occurrence of gas hydrates in this region.     

A modified analytical method for the shipboard determination of nanomolar concentrations of orthophosphate in seawater

A method for the determination of nanomolar concentrations of orthophosphate in oligotrophic seawater developed by Liang et al. (2007) has been modified to make it fully feasible for shipboard application and for faster sample throughput with minimized sample volume. The technique is based on the flow injection method with solid phase extraction on a Sep-Pak C18 cartridge and colorimetric detector. The Schlieren effect was minimized by rinsing the cartridge sequentially with 5 mL water and 2 mL 95% ethanol solution. With three micro pumps in parallel, savings of up to 80% in amount of reagents and 25% volume of seawater samples could be achieved in comparison to the previous method. Variation of stopped flow time and sample loading time gave 3 different standard curves, which corresponded to 3 linear ranges within 3.4 and 515 nM. The modified method permits the analysis of samples over a wide range of concentrations, and has been successfully applied to shipboard determination of trace orthophosphate in more than 200 seawater samples during a one-month cruise in the South China Sea. For seawater at concentrations of 20.6, 82.5, 206.2 nM orthophosphate, the relative standard deviations (RSD) (n = 6), determined daily for 6 days on board ship were 4.45%, 4.73% and 6.75%, respectively. Five seawater samples collected in the Station SEATS (South East Asia Time Series Station at 18°N, 116°E) were analyzed using the present method both on board and in a land-based laboratory, as well as with the magnesium hydroxide-induced coprecipitation (MAGIC) method, and showed no significant difference according to the statistical t-test.     

抽水和建筑荷载双重作用下的地面沉降模型

依据含水层质量守恒原理,推导了非固结地层在建筑荷载作用下的地面沉降机理模型,并将其与Jacob假定下抽水引起的地面沉降弹性模型相比较,结果发现两种模型的机理表达式完全一致,仅区别于水动力原因或实质的不同.在同一坐标系中,根据线性叠加原理,抽水沉降漏斗和荷载沉降漏斗可能都落在地下水位降落漏斗内.假定两者为相互独立事件,给出了抽水和建筑荷载双重作用下的地面沉降模型,表明其如果以水位降深为制约因子,则可以对水动力实质完全不同的两种沉降过程进行线性叠加计算.     

湛江海区8种常见海藻营养成分分析

对采自湛江沿海的8种常见海藻的营养成分进行分析。结果显示:碳水化合物是构成这8种藻体的主要成分,占藻体干重的48.22%～69.16%。蛋白质占2.81%～15.44%,平均为9.25%,且蛋白质中氨基酸含量高,平均16.01%,氨基酸组成中天冬氨酸、谷氨酸、甘氨酸、缬氨酸和亮氨酸含量多;绿藻门种类无论是蛋白质还是氨基酸含量都高于红藻门和褐藻门的种类,4种绿藻的氨基酸评分最高。粗脂肪占0.15%～1.17%,平均0.56%。粗纤维的平均含量近似于碳水化合物的一半。根据蛋白质和粗脂肪的比例,叉枝藻Cymogongrus flabelliformis和盾叶蕨藻Caulerpa racemosa var.peltata均可作为高蛋白、低脂肪的良好食物来源。矿物质中铁、锌含量丰富,介于0.311～1.722mg/g间,铜、砷和镍含量超标。     

Research on formation density MWD instrument in engineering geological exploration

A high efficiency method is very important in geological survey for a new city in China. Geophysical parameters are Measured While Drilling(MWD), and these parameters are processed and explained on the ground, so the method can replace conventional engineering geological exploration for drilling rock sample. According petroleum engineering MWD, using the different characters of different rock absorbs γ radial, with the method of storing data in hole and explaining data on the ground, engineering geological exploration formation density MWD is researched. The MWD works stabilized, and the performance is good with precise data.     

2004年夏季台湾浅滩及其邻近海域悬浮体成分与分布特征

本文根据2004年7月25日至8月10日在台湾浅滩及其邻近海域获取的悬浮体样品,采用了"微孔滤膜法"取得数据,利用偏光显微镜、体视显微镜和扫描电镜及能谱分析,结果表明:悬浮体含量在水平分布上为由近岸向外逐渐降低,总体上表层悬浮体含量高于底层;悬浮体的成分包括粗颗粒组份(它生矿物碎屑、自生矿物和生源碎屑)和细颗粒组份(无机矿物颗粒和超微生源颗粒),其中表层矿物碎屑分布特征为由岸向外递减,底层矿物碎屑则为近岸低、浅滩区高和浅滩外侧低;自生矿物和表层生源碎屑都具有自岸向外增加的特点;细颗粒组份中无机矿物颗粒为主,超微生源颗粒含量较少.研究区悬浮体分布受水文因素、物质来源及海底地形的影响,中国大陆陆源输入影响研究区悬浮体成分及其分布特征.     

黄河水下三角洲海底管道沉降量确定方法研究

提出一种海底管道沉降计算方法——递推法,应用到胜利油田埕岛海域海底管道沉降计算中,并将计算结果与目前常用的日本规范法和极限法进行比较。研究发现在粉土与粉质粘土为主的强度较高的海床上,递推法与日本规范法计算结果比较接近,极限法的最小;在淤泥质土组成的强度较低的海床上,日本规范法的计算值最大,递推法的居中,极限法的最小。逆推法可计算裸置和埋设两种形式的管道沉降量,而另外两者只能计算裸置管道的沉降。文中进一步讨论了引起管道沉降的影响因素,土体强度和压缩性对管道沉降影响较大。且管道埋深越大,沉降也越大。最后分析了黄河水下三角洲埕岛海域4个区的管道沉降量,Ⅰ区争Ⅱ区管道沉降较小,可以忽略,Ⅳ区沉降较大,在淤泥质软土上的管道,可能会完全陷入土中。